35 Burst results for "Yellow Fever"
The New Yorker: Fiction
"yellow fever" Discussed on The New Yorker: Fiction
"This month we're going to hear omakase by Waikiki Wang, which was published in The New Yorker in June of 2018. She had heard of these men, especially the kind you met on the Internet. She had heard of yellow fever. She didn't like that it was called yellow fever. To name a kind of attraction after a disease carried by mosquitos that killed one out of four people, severely infected, said something about the attraction. The story was chosen by Garry Steinberg, who's the author of 5 novels, including most recently, Lake success and our country Friends. Hi, Gary. Hi. How are you? All right, thank you for doing this. Again, and past episodes of the podcast, you
Mental Illness Happy Hour
"yellow fever" Discussed on Mental Illness Happy Hour
"And then finally, this is from the struggle and the sentence survey filled out by a woman who calls herself quivering puddle of snot and tears, which I think is the worst Cheesecake Factory appetizer. I strongly discourage you from ordering that. About her alcoholism, my drug dealers, the closest thing I have to a friend, and I don't even think he likes me very much. About her love addiction, I'm worthless now that I'm old and no one finds me attractive. About her sex addiction, a guy could have sex with me until his penis fell off, and I would be hurt that he couldn't have sex anymore. About her skin picking, that constantly pick up my face because I feel so ugly, causing permanent damage that makes me look even worse. About experiencing racial or cultural bias. People asking me, where are you from after I'd been given up for adoption? Spent over two years in an orphanage ended up in a house with an alcoholic emotionally absent sadist and an alcoholic emotionally abusive martyr who never considered me to be a part of the family and fetishized constantly by creepy old men with yellow fever, is like asking a rape victim out of the blue. So what was the name of your rapist? Because they look like they had been raped at some point in their life. Wow, if you are listening and you have never heard the episode with Julie J listen to it, I believe it is available. I think I think we've even, yes, I know we've run it as a best of. So anybody that relates to that part, especially the part about being adopted. There wasn't so much the racial cultural aspect of Julie's interview, but it's a great interview. And then a snapshot from her life is I was writhing in pain during a contraction while in labor with my son. My mom got right in my face and said, I have two words for you. Birth control. Your fear of death is your love of life in reverse. I'm
ToddCast Podcast with Todd Starnes
Tucker Carlson: Memphis Is Falling Apart
"A hundred years ago Memphis was one of the richest best organized cities in the country that had a booming economy. It had beautiful municipal parks a lot of them more than a hundred. It had one of the most modern sanitation systems in the world, something we take for granted now, but when yellow fever was real, no one took it for granted. Memphis was such a big deal that, in fact, was the informal capital of an entire American region, the Mississippi Delta. But not anymore. In fact, by the last year, if you went to Memphis, it was hard to believe that any of that had ever been true at any point because by that point and now Memphis had become a husk and a highly threatening one. In 2021, according to federal statistics, Memphis Tennessee was the most dangerous city in the United States. Last year it recorded a total of 342 murders. Now how many is that? Well, by comparison, San Antonio, Texas, which has more than twice the population recorded fewer than half as many murders. So by any measure at all, Memphis was absolutely falling apart.
Bear Grease
"yellow fever" Discussed on Bear Grease
"Me to some version of childhood trauma. But this isn't that. Dismembered, hoggy and tomahawked bodies, man, of relatives and stuff. On both sides of this, let's call it a war. Just mass, I mean, ruthless, inhumane, atrocities, right? And it's like, to what degree was all that just fueling itself? Like to what degree were all these people or many of these people just kind of suffering from these things that it's unimaginable to us now? Yeah. Had to have scrambled their brains up. Had to have. They were tougher than us, but how tough can you be, man? Yeah. Humans weren't supposed to live that way. Well, that's the thing. That's the part is I think about all the time. Lewis wetzel, the death wind himself, ended up near natchez Mississippi and died at his cousin's House in 1808 at the age of 45, probably from yellow fever. He was buried in Mississippi, but in 1942, a 134 years after his death, they exhumed his grave and moved his remains back to mccreary cemetery in Marshall county, West Virginia. That's a bold move. They claimed his calf length hair was still visible, and that there was a musket line beside him in the coffin. This grave move in was likely connected to the author saying gray reigniting an interest in the old frontiersman and then a bunch of these other guys writing about him. Man, we're going to have to start talking about some lighthearted stuff on the bear grease podcast to pull ourselves out of the dark ditch that we found ourselves in. As a matter of fact, the next episode is gonna be a deep dive into the life of Mr. Rogers. Or I guess we could just move on and know that we've all come from a dark and bloody past as full of some wild stuff. The wild nature, physical hardship, and brutality of the lives of those on the American frontier continue to put my life in modern times into perspective. Thanks so much for listening to bear grease. I feel like a giant monkey is off my back now that Steve has his podcast on the death win. Hey, be sure to check out the meat eater dot com for all kinds of hunting, camping, and outdoor apparel stuff. You could even get a super cool bear grease or believer hat there..
KOMO
"yellow fever" Discussed on KOMO
"Using the G word. Genocide of UA. Russia hitting multiple regions of Ukraine with dozens of missile strikes so far this weekend. Putin seeming to send a message as President Biden gathers with other G 7 leaders Biden this morning meeting the host, the leader of Germany. And somehow NATO would have energy 7 would splinter and but we had it. And we're not going to. And this ahead of a key NATO summit on Tuesday with new countries Sweden and Finland, hoping to join the alliance. Will Russia is taking territory in its offensive in the east of Ukraine. But this is the other side of Putin's offensive. The target here unclear, but civilian buildings are being hit and people are being killed every day across this country. Tom Sufi burridge, ABC News, Kyiv someone travel is in full swing, but how do you plan for a healthy vacation? Everyone's eager to travel this summer, so am I. Remember the virus is perfectly eager to travel as well. We can not run away from this problem as a global issue. So be thoughtful about it. And really be proactive, talking with your healthcare provider before you go, it can pay such huge dividends. That's UW medicine infectious disease expert doctor Paul pottinger, who recommends doing your homework before you go. Do I understand the health concerns where I'm going? That could be true domestically, but also definitely overseas. There are some infectious diseases or health concerns that exist overseas that we wouldn't normally think about. So I want to understand not only COVID-19 transmission patterns, but also other things. Is there malaria there is a yellow fever? Do that homework and do it as far in advance as you can. He recommends discussing medical needs and concerns with providers in advance of the trip. Make sure that they are giving you extra supplies of medications for the things you might normally have to do at home, but also special travel related medications. It's usually not for COVID-19, but it could be to help prevent other things such as malaria. Yellow fever, et cetera for a smoother trip, doctor pottinger encourages travelers to talk with travel mates, both before and during your trip about the masking protocols you'll follow. My level of risk, what I would accept may be different from what someone would accept that I'm traveling with. So really sit down and have a conversation with your travel mates and figure out what are people going to be comfortable with when it comes to masking indoors around strangers when it comes to transportation getting around town, et cetera. If everyone has the same mental model, then it'll be a smooth trip. He adds that deciding if and when did mask will often depend on each situation. Let's say you're going to a museum. And there's no one else or just a small number of other strangers in the wing of the museum where you are. You could probably be relatively safe to be unmasked. On the other hand, if you're waiting in line to see the Mona Lisa with 10,000 other Americans who happen to be in Paris, this can be a huge problem. And so I think then getting the mask on would make good sense. And during your trip, doctor pottinger says keeping abreast of your destinations current health situation can prove useful. People don't usually like to serve the net looking for information about health when they're overseas, but it can be helpful to just keep your ear to the ground, so to speak, to make sure there's no new infections that are happening, and that you understand what the transmission patterns are for COVID-19. And should you bring COVID-19 test kits with you on your trip? Probably so. Remember, if you have symptoms of a respiratory infection, such as fever, muscle aches, congestion, sneezing, coughing. A rapid antigen test, if you do it as the manufacturer recommends, they're very good tests. And finally, doctor pottinger says travelers should remain alert to signs of infection even after the trip. Keep in touch with your own body, figure out whether you're getting symptoms, just because the vacation is over, it doesn't mean that the germs are done working. That's UW medicines infectious disease expert, doctor Paul pottinger. Your stock chart dot com money update on northwest news radio. Inflation is now hitting the insurance world. USA Today reports that when consumers receive their homeowner and auto insurance renewal contracts this year, they're likely to see sharply higher rates. The report says increases can vary greatly by location, but in general, analysts estimate that average hikes will range between high single digit and low double digit percentage increases. How about a discount a lot of shoppers are looking forward to next month's prime day shopping event. It's actually two days of deals for Amazon Prime members July 12th and 13th and reports say that among the deals will be gift cards across numerous categories that will sell for as much as 25% off participating retailers will include chipotle Apple Starbucks whole foods, Grubhub and many others. Check Amazon.com for details. That's your money now. I'm Jim chesko, northwest news radio. At Wendy's, we make
UN News
"yellow fever" Discussed on UN News
"But we are trying to <Speech_Female> do is to support <Speech_Female> that and <Speech_Female> looking across <Speech_Female> 6 pillars of <Speech_Female> activity of <Speech_Female> monitoring risk <Speech_Female> to be able to <Speech_Female> anticipate so that <Speech_Female> we have a global framework <Speech_Female> using a one <Speech_Female> health approach, which is now <Speech_Female> back in fashion, <Speech_Female> which of course never <Speech_Female> has gone away. <Speech_Female> It's about a comprehensive <Speech_Female> collective <Speech_Female> approach of looking at animals, <Speech_Female> humans, <Speech_Female> the environment in which <Speech_Female> we live in the vectors, <Speech_Female> which circulate. <Speech_Female> It's <Speech_Female> looking at reducing <Speech_Female> epidemic risk, <Speech_Female> strengthening early detection <Speech_Female> so that we can <Speech_Female> really rapidly <Speech_Female> do some epidemiologic <Speech_Female> investigation and <Speech_Female> understand <Speech_Female> the reach and <Speech_Female> stretch of these <Speech_Female> four pathogens. <Speech_Female> It's <Speech_Female> preventing and preparing <Speech_Female> for pandemics. <Speech_Female> You know, if we do <Speech_Female> well, you don't <Speech_Female> hear about this. <Speech_Female> If the world <Speech_Female> is better prepared <Speech_Female> in terms of global <Speech_Female> coordination and an expansion <Speech_Female> of stakeholders, <Speech_Female> strengthening <Speech_Female> surveillance in those <Speech_Female> mechanisms for rapid <Speech_Female> response <Speech_Female> and primarily <Speech_Female> strengthening <Speech_Female> community engagement because <Speech_Female> outbreaks begin <Speech_Female> and end in <Speech_Female> communities. It's not <Speech_Female> an afterthought to do these <Speech_Female> types of <Speech_Female> engagement activities. <Speech_Female> The risk <Speech_Female> of spread, <Speech_Female> the risk of <Speech_Female> having something <Speech_Female> that starts <Speech_Female> doesn't need <Speech_Female> to be as bad <Speech_Female> as they tend to <Speech_Female> get. So we're <Speech_Female> really making <Speech_Female> sure that we <Speech_Female> build and <Speech_Female> expand on our coalition <Speech_Female> of partners around <Speech_Female> the world to <Speech_Female> ensure that <Speech_Female> in country <Speech_Female> we have much more <Speech_Female> integration around <Speech_Female> tackling <Speech_Female> arboviruses <Speech_Female> and really <Speech_Female> emphasizing not <Speech_Female> only reducing <Speech_Female> the vector <Speech_Female> and the circulation of the <Speech_Female> vector, but ensuring <Speech_Female> that people <Speech_Female> get the care that they <Speech_Female> need wherever they are <Speech_Female> for arboviruses <Speech_Female> as well as <Speech_Male> for other <SpeakerChange> diseases <Speech_Male> that they face. <Speech_Male> Very final question <Speech_Male> to you, doctor van kerkhove, <Speech_Male> you know, we said there <Speech_Male> were more than 500 <Speech_Male> arboviruses. <Speech_Male> I don't want people to <Speech_Male> come away from this thinking, <Speech_Male> my goodness. I'm just <Speech_Male> frightened to even step out <Speech_Male> of my front door. What <Speech_Male> would your ultimate message <Speech_Male> be to people <Speech_Male> after two <Speech_Male> years of real <Speech_Male> drama <SpeakerChange> and pressure <Speech_Female> from the COVID virus? <Speech_Female> Well, first <Speech_Female> off, from COVID <Speech_Female> this pandemic will end. <Speech_Female> All pandemics <Speech_Female> end. <Speech_Female> And this year, <Speech_Female> we can end <Speech_Female> the death <Speech_Female> and devastation from COVID-19 <Speech_Female> <Speech_Female> because we have tools. <Speech_Female> I would like <Speech_Female> people out there to <Speech_Female> feel hopeful. <Speech_Female> I would like people out <Speech_Female> there to feel <Speech_Female> empowered and <Speech_Female> enable to keep themselves <Speech_Female> and keep their <Speech_Female> loved ones safe to <Speech_Female> get vaccinated when <Speech_Female> it's their turn to <Speech_Female> fight for vaccine <Speech_Female> equity <Speech_Female> and access to lifesaving <Speech_Female> tools around the <Speech_Female> world. And I <Speech_Female> would like to reassure them <Speech_Female> that there are <Speech_Female> literally <Speech_Female> <SpeakerChange> thousands <Speech_Female> and thousands <Speech_Female> of <Speech_Female> scientists around the world <Speech_Female> that focus on <Speech_Female> this that have dedicated <Speech_Female> their lives to study COVID, <Speech_Female> dedicated <Speech_Female> their lives study <Speech_Female> dengue yellow fever, <Speech_Female> chikungunya and Zika, <Speech_Female> and we're <Speech_Female> working really hard <Speech_Female> to tackle <Speech_Female> these <Speech_Female> pathogens, these <Speech_Female> epidemic pathogens <Speech_Female> so you don't have to. <Speech_Female> What we <Speech_Female> want other people <Speech_Female> out there to know is <Speech_Female> that there is <Speech_Female> a scientific <Speech_Female> solidarity <Speech_Female> that <Speech_Female> crosses <Speech_Female> any political <Speech_Female> parties, <Speech_Female> any <Speech_Female> religions, <Speech_Female> any challenges that <Speech_Female> we face. The scientific <Speech_Female> community is <Speech_Female> about collaboration <Speech_Female> and working together. <Speech_Female> So anyone <Speech_Female> that's listening to this <Speech_Female> if they're scared by <Speech_Female> those 500 pathogens <Speech_Female> that you've just <Speech_Female> mentioned, <Speech_Female> there's a lot of people that <Speech_Female> are studying this and <Speech_Female> that really dedicate their <Speech_Female> lives to keeping you <Speech_Female> safe. But <Speech_Female> when something <Speech_Female> happens, we need <Speech_Female> your help. We <Speech_Female> need you to be part <Speech_Female> of the solution <Speech_Female> because <Speech_Female> we live in an interconnected world. And we are stronger together.
UN News
"yellow fever" Discussed on UN News
"They know how to use their capacities, most effectively. They do need to be resourced and nurtured as you highlighted. When WHO is working to build capacities and strengthen those capacities on the ground for surveillance for detection for action for genomic sequencing, so that there's local ownership of the response. Yeah, and staying with the genomic sequencing, which is so important, how is the World Health Organization going to help local clinicians diagnose and identify and differentiate between the different four upper viruses that are the main threat dengue yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika, because there is a vaccine for dengue, but not for the three others, isn't there? So it's a question of resources. Absolutely. I mean, what we're trying to do is support early detection of these pathogens and what is circulating in these areas. I'll give you an example for yellow fever. Yellow fever is circulating across many countries in Africa, but it's not in Asia. So yellow fever has been detected in 40 countries, but it's not in Asia. Why not? It's in Africa and it's in South America, but it hasn't expanded its reach. We're seeing Japanese encephalitis, which is not one of the four that we're highlighting here. But the arbovirus can expand to include other arboviruses. We need earlier detection. And this starts with surveillance. It starts with testing, so good molecular testing, and you can only sequence those who you test. So sequencing has expanded dramatically, and I use that word purposefully in the last two years for COVID. And the same thing with PCR testing. And so those systems that have been supported and built for arboviruses in the past maybe have been dismantled because funding has gone away, but have been relaunched again for COVID need to be used for other pathogens like these for arboviruses..
UN News
"yellow fever" Discussed on UN News
"Hello, the UN's rights chief tells us that Russian forces have used cluster bombs in built up areas in Ukraine and that Ukrainian forces may have used them too. Meanwhile, in Afghanistan, Martin Griffiths, the emergency relief chief, tells us that millions of ordinary people's lives are hanging by a thread. In South Sudan, the UN refugee agency has put the spotlight on communities who are using mud and anything else they can lay their hands on just to keep the floodwater at bay. We'll hear the latest research from migrant journeys and the disturbing continuum of abuse they face, plus a more positive initiative from the World Health Organization to beat mosquito borne sickness. Stay with us too for closing comments from regular guest solange Cortes, who's here to wrap up the show. That's all coming up in this week's UN catch update line Geneva with me. Daniel Johnson. First, the news. Credible reports indicate that Russian armed forces have used cluster munitions in populated areas of Ukraine, at least two dozen times since they invaded on the 24th of February. UN rights chief Michelle Bachelet has told the Human Rights Council. The UN high commissioner for human rights also told the council on Wednesday that her office had verified well over 70 incidents in which medical facilities have been damaged, including 50 hospitals. In many areas across the country, people urgently need medical supplies, food, water, shelter, and basic household items, miss Bachelet said. In South Sudan, UN humanitarians have warned that villagers are using their bare hands to build mud walls to protect their homes from flooding. The situation is expected to worsen when the wet season begins in around a month, UN refugee agency, UNHCR said on Tuesday. The impact has been worse in Jonglei unity and upper Nile states with thousands have been displaced. His Andrew Harper special adviser on climate action to the UN refugee agency. You've got elderly women. You've got vulnerable populations who are basically grabbing mud and trying to build up the berms around their villages. And this is during summer. This is during the dry season. The wet season hasn't even started yet. South Sudan is still struggling to overcome the deadly aftermath of Civil War that followed independence in 2011, it also had its worst flooding on record in 2021, which impacted more than 830,000 people. The UN launched the biggest appeal ever for a single country on Thursday when it asked for $4.4 billion to help 22 million people in Afghanistan needs there are diet and worsening after recurring drought and two decades of fighting. Speaking from Kabul, UN emergency relief chief, Martin Griffiths, said that he'd been profoundly disturbed after visiting a hospital where he saw severely acutely malnourished children being fed in intensive care. The humanitarian situation here is grim. For tens of millions of people, life hangs just by a thread. Today, half the population in Afghanistan faces acute hunger, including 9 million who are in a state of emergency food insecurity, which is the highest number in the world. Now, have you heard of arboviruses, they're some of the world's most dangerous mosquito borne illnesses such as dengue yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika. They're all mosquito borne illnesses too, and they represent a massive health threat in tropical and subtropical parts of the planet where more than half of the world's people live faced with a growing number of arboviral outbreaks worldwide, the UN health agency on Thursday, launched a global initiative to prevent a new.
America First with Sebastian Gorka Podcast
Dr. Robert Malone Breaks Down the Science Behind Vaccines
"What is a vaccine? How is a vaccine supposed to work? And what is special about the mRNA vaccine technology that you developed doctor Malone? So what is a vaccine? The CDC and their infinite wisdom has redefined the meaning of that word just like the meaning of the word anti vaxxer has been redefined as anybody who is against vaccine mandates. So you're right in this nuanced area of nomenclature. I prefer I'm among other things. Yeah, I've had all this training, but I was a Carpenter and a farmhand before I was a physician and a scientist. And I do like to go back to let's try to use plain language. So for me, a vaccine is as a vaccine does and what a vaccine is intended to do is to elicit an adaptive immune response against some threat, whether it's cancer or of a virus or a bacteria or a toxin. Et cetera, to protect against disease and in the case of infection against infection and spread. In replication in your body. So that's my definition of a vaccine for what it's worth. What is a vaccine used for or intended for? I think it's useful to think about vaccines as having different types or categories of a sneeze in a minute. Here it goes. Bless you. Thank you very much. So no, I don't have COVID. I've already had it twice, and I've been vaccinated. But I do have health. So it's useful to think about vaccines in different categories. There's the cancer vaccines will park those because that's not really relevant. Live attenuated vaccines are basically viruses that are tweaked in some way either intentionally or through passage evolution. To make them less likely to cause disease in humans, but still elicit a very strong immune response. So examples of those include the oral polio vaccine, the smallpox vaccine and the yellow fever vaccine. All of those are fairly wicked and have risk of causing disease in your body because they're still live viruses. They're just tweaked, so they're less disease
The Charlie Kirk Show
Why Are Non-COVID Deaths Up 40%?
"And what we saw just in third quarter, we're seeing a continue into fourth quarter is that death rates are up 40% over what they were pre-pandemic. Now, just to give you an idea of how bad that is, a three sigma or a one in 200 year catastrophe would be 10% increase over pre-pandemic. So 40% is just unheard of. And what the data is showing to us is that the deaths that are being reported as COVID deaths greatly understate the actual death losses among working age people from the pandemic. It may not all be COVID on their death certificate, but deaths are up just a huge, huge numbers. That is Scott Davison, who is the CEO of a $100 billion insurance company that is headquartered in Indianapolis, and they have customers across the country. The company has approximately 2400 employees, and sells life insurance, including group life insurance to employers nationwide. Again, let me repeat what he said. We are seeing huge, huge numbers, and that it's not elderly people who are dying, but primarily working age people 18 to 64. What we saw in the third quarter and were continuous to see it into the fourth quarter is that death rates are up over 40% what they were pre-pandemic. Just to give an idea of how bad that is, a three sigma or a one in a 200 year catastrophe would be a 10% increase over pre-pandemic. So 40% is just unheard of. So he says that, look, a one in 200 year catastrophe, a flood a tsunami, yellow fever would be 10%, 40%, death increase. For people ages 18 to 64. Now, for those of you that are listening on radio or podcasting or live stream, have you heard any of your elected officials, any of the politicians that you send to state capitals or to Washington D.C. even mention this? A 40% increase in death amongst working age people. What could possibly explain this?
Latino USA
"yellow fever" Discussed on Latino USA
"In creating the tango we know today. Their contributions to dango, however, have been hidden over time, much like Argentina's historical black population. Even though Afro descendants accounted for 30% of the country's population at the start of the 18th century, Argentina strove to present itself to the world as a homogeneously white nation of European descent. In the late 19th century, war and diseases decimated Argentina's black population, serving in the army and living in segregated neighborhoods where diseases such as yellow fever and cholera spread. It wasn't until 2010 that Argentina's national senses began counting people of African descent for the first time. Afro descendants currently make less than 1% of the 41 million people living in Argentina. Shirley says she often faces resistance and judgment for being a black woman in Buenos Aires, and especially for being a black tangle singer. I guess it's always going to be some kind of surprise to people who doesn't want to recognize how the city tried to hide the black culture here. I have a lot of memories of in phrases of people whose very surprising to see me just because I'm black. She learns says these interactions range from mild and easy to dismiss to threatening or demoralizing. It's part of the job she says. I was invited to sing very underground me long as I was there in the middle of the place without so needle without my just with the voice listening. Me together she thought not fun so I made me a flicks you and some man just said, okay, now you're gonna start to dance samba. He saw me as a black woman there and the first thing that he can connect with the sambal and dancing in, I just said, I came here to sing tango. Today, Sheila uses her platform as a tango singer to educate people about the African roots of tango. She performs music by black composers and explains the audiences how her performances type back to.
Mango Kush Podcast
"yellow fever" Discussed on Mango Kush Podcast
"You give me a fucking iphone seven. The has i o. s. eleven on his shit. But we're operating a fucking ios. Fourteen point eight was says fucking make. I'll tell you absolutely fucking non and they use fucking fearmongering and false stats to fucking scare people to a listener emotional response you know. Everybody should elicit emotional response to get shit. Okay and more stupid shit people. I'm not sure it'd be any listeners in here in our listeners. The listeners later on that there's ever been a so called worldwide. Push for a fucking vaccine right now. Has it been a worldwide push for did broke Or the fucking teed up shot or the flu shot or yellow fever or malaria or sars or h wayne. One bird flu swine. Flu or bola or sarsour. The first ours a spread on us has been in those nationwide or international. I pushed for vaccines. They're fucking has not. Have they ever required anybody to show proof of assignation immunization or any fucking shot regular medication. Job a cheeseburger. Have you ever been told. You cannot fucking go in a restaurant because we'll know how healthy you are ever now mind you. There has been a slew of other fucking daily as disease and bacteria viruses that. Go on all over the fucking place and not once. Have we ever had to hear the pressures of taking fucking shots. Not once but you know what. Hey i'm just. I'm just eating hordes bars and i guess i'm just a fucking maniac. You know change shit. But i'll be that way. I'll be a fucking maniac night right but you never had any fucking push for this shit. You've never had any division over the shit right prime example. If anybody has in recent events west. Virginia college yes west. Virginia college now is demanding. While was demanded. we'll say mandating mandate our get back nation. And if you don't you have to pay seven hundred fifty dollars unpack stacks about issue. Now you you you gotta pay seven hundred dollars for not taking a shot go to college however though there are so many fucking diseases in colleges and universities outside a code had to take a shot for show proof or any musician for the only probably do what meningitis. 'cause yeah that should fucking kills people. You know what i'm saying but you don't see them fucking damn saying haters meningitis outbreak. You know ena viral marriage. I the bacteria ones goddamn killer. Seo together rollercoaster ride again. Upon chime make is they. Don't fucking stop you from dig initiate. I mean they don't stop you from getting the school ship exams. I am so no one sees a patterns. Emiss- shit at higher gang is fucking slowly being taken away from us or interred in privately. You know what i'm saying. I understand about being safe. And that guy dab you know Release i had to worry about but again you do sign things the elicit shit i mean i know sounds fucking crazy but in is when it fucking is that should not by fucking. You know.
Pittsburgh's Paranormal Chasing Prophecy Radio Show
"yellow fever" Discussed on Pittsburgh's Paranormal Chasing Prophecy Radio Show
"There's this place called four to soto and way to want to get into the entire story afford to soto but we went there initially because there was a story of a ghost fishermen right a guy who fishes right Right before you get to ford to soto who tries to pick up hot chicks. So we've actually. I'm not that. I shall be social remnants here on the board. Might get tendered sponsor that episode of the show like so we essentially my partner at the time. Absolutely beautiful women. We're like bringing it. You hooked up with a ghost like we promoted it that way. It was really fun right. And you know spoilers. She she didn't get didn't get a date research zotov. We discovered that this was a place of great tragedy so we went from this like he. He he like. Let's hook up to really discovering the place had a just a cloud over it right just a lot of tragedy happen. Essentially was it. I mean it's it's frigging. Florida right like no one wanted to go to this base. Everyone got sick when they went there. They never shot their guns in defense right only to practice and eventually they're like we have on this. Lay this building. We don't need we're gonna turn into a quarantine so anyone coming into tampa would have to go to fort to soda. Quarantine of people thought. They were sick. That yellow fever broke out. The entire place became a yellow fever. Quarantine right and so. All of these people died having to do with that right the most intimidating scary bridge..
Made of Mettle
"yellow fever" Discussed on Made of Mettle
"In today's episode we will be covering the impassioned the influential the inspiring ida b wells ida. B wells was born ida bell wells on july sixteenth eighteen sixty two in holly springs mississippi. Ida was the eldest. Born to james and lizzie wells. Who had seven other children. All were born in slaved as they lived on a plantation in mississippi whom or members of the confederacy during the civil war in the previous episode. We talked a bit about president. Lincoln's revolutionary decision to issue the emancipation proclamation on january. First eighteen sixty three during the civil war ida in her family were officially freed from slavery as they resided in a confederate state before either was one year old immediately following. The war was the pivotal reconstruction period with a divided territories of the union in the confederacy. Determine how they would begin to come back together as a single nation. Ida's parents were dutiful in diligence supporters of african american rights in particular the right to an education. Ida's father james was directly involved in starting in serving on the board of trustees for school for freed african americans that school rushed. College is still a notable inactive university. Today falling under the umbrella of historically black colleges and universities ida would begin her educational career at this school attending in her early teens. Sadly heartbreaking circumstances would find ida early on in life in eighteen seventy eight while visiting her grandmother. I learned harling news. Ida's mother father in her youngest sibling. Just an infant had passed away from yellow fever. Her parents sudden-death turn ida from a teenager with no children into a parent of six suffering from the grief and loss of one's parents. It would be understandable for a child to shy away in resist taking on a role with such incredible responsibility but did ida shy away from her obligation torture family. Absolutely not
Made of Mettle
Who Was Ida B. Wells?
"In today's episode we will be covering the impassioned the influential the inspiring ida b wells ida. B wells was born ida bell wells on july sixteenth eighteen sixty two in holly springs mississippi. Ida was the eldest. Born to james and lizzie wells. Who had seven other children. All were born in slaved as they lived on a plantation in mississippi whom or members of the confederacy during the civil war in the previous episode. We talked a bit about president. Lincoln's revolutionary decision to issue the emancipation proclamation on january. First eighteen sixty three during the civil war ida in her family were officially freed from slavery as they resided in a confederate state before either was one year old immediately following. The war was the pivotal reconstruction period with a divided territories of the union in the confederacy. Determine how they would begin to come back together as a single nation. Ida's parents were dutiful in diligence supporters of african american rights in particular the right to an education. Ida's father james was directly involved in starting in serving on the board of trustees for school for freed african americans that school rushed. College is still a notable inactive university. Today falling under the umbrella of historically black colleges and universities ida would begin her educational career at this school attending in her early teens. Sadly heartbreaking circumstances would find ida early on in life in eighteen seventy eight while visiting her grandmother. I learned harling news. Ida's mother father in her youngest sibling. Just an infant had passed away from yellow fever. Her parents sudden-death turn ida from a teenager with no children into a parent of six suffering from the grief and loss of one's parents. It would be understandable for a child to shy away in resist taking on a role with such incredible responsibility but did ida shy away from her obligation torture family. Absolutely not
Stuff You Missed in History Class
The History of Smallpox
"Smallpox is a viral disease that has existed for millennia when it was circulating in the wild it spread from person to person through the air usually through face to face contact and it can also be spread through contact with contaminated objects and surfaces people who contracted smallpox typically developed a high fever and body aches and that was followed by a distinctive rash. There are two different strains of the very ola virus that were causing smallpox areola major and burial a minor now that name suggests burial a major caused more serious illnesses as many as a third of people who were infected with very all the major died. As many as ninety percent of babies died it was also particularly lethal anytime. It was introduced somewhere that hadn't existed before such as when european started arriving in the americas and in those cases smallpox usually killed about half the people who contracted it among the people who survived the disease. Smallpox could also be both disabling disfiguring. There was and is no cure for smallpox so even as science and medicine progressed it continued to be deadly but it also had some traits that made it a good candidate for a worldwide ratification campaign. Smallpox was easy to recognize in diagnose unlike say the flu which can resemble a lot of other respiratory infections. Smallpox passed directly from person to person and only infected humans so there were no hidden reservoirs of the virus that could potentially start a new outbreak. That's different from something. Like yellow fever. Which also infects other primates and is transmitted by mosquitoes another plus wants. a person had recovered from smallpox. They were immune for life for a number of reasons. Smallpox outbreaks also tended to develop relatively slowly. Once people were contagious. They were usually also too sick to really leave home. So outbreaks tended to cluster around members of the same household and their immediate neighborhood and then once an outbreak was identified. Swift action could keep it from spreading very far and most importantly there was a way to this. -rupt transmission of the disease in this case a
Monsters and Mixers
"yellow fever" Discussed on Monsters and Mixers
"Just put it that way. The ship arrived on the louisiana shore and the women were greeted by an eager crowd of perspective husbands and others from the town. So there's this graffman. They hear their brighter coming. They're all excited. They gather and they bring their friends from town every standing there and they had heard these were really beautiful women who are coming out of the boat. Yeah who were coming to marry them. They were handpicked. And naturally you'd be excited to see your beautiful bride potential bride coming offish ship. The men many of whom were very savory. To begin with we're instantly disappointed in the women who exited the ship. Instead of the esteemed beauties that had left france the girls were then pale and malnourish. Many of them were rumored to be so sick with yellow fever and tuberculosis. They were coughing up blood which is kind of they think. Maybe we're the vampire thing came in but they still they exited. They clutched their coffin shaped cassette to their chest and stepped off the boat ready to start their new lives. It's a bunch of young girls are really excited. So the coffin shaped cassette. And just so you have a little background on it. It was a truck that carried all of their belongings with them that they brought like their clothes and oftentimes they would have like a small dowry which is just some money offering for someone to marry them and things to make women. More attractive to maybe. Some stranger were not even necessarily strange to make them look more attractive to somebody who might not be the lowest of the low to try and make them get a better husband kind of thing. They stepped off the boat and before they could even make it to the ursuline convent. The rumors begin fly around. I can't say that. I blame the superstitious inhabitants of new orleans for shying away from the girls because they were said to be so pale that their skin immediately reddened and blistered within a few minutes of exposure to the subtropics son..
Sawbones: A Marital Tour of Misguided Medicine
"yellow fever" Discussed on Sawbones: A Marital Tour of Misguided Medicine
"After and then by nineteen hundred we were able to name the first human virus flabby virus called yellow fever And it's over the next six like here. We are like all of human history we theorized the existence of viruses right at the turn of the centuries eighteen hundred nineteen hundred eighteen hundred nineteen hundred we isolate these viruses and then over the course and like within thirty years. We're taking pictures of them. By the way we use an electron microscope to take pictures of them. Which is is a really cool. The first description i ever read of like how those things work was in The hot zone book about a boa That inspired me to become a physician When an and like if you read about how hard it was to photograph a virus. And like i said that they use this electron microscope which they had to invent in order to see and then take pictures of these viruses and they have to create these little like beads of viral material and slice them with diamond knives and then put the tiny sections so and look under the specialized microscope. Anyway all this technology had to be invented before you could see and take a picture of the enemy the virus and then what you have by the end of the like by the end of the fifties you have vaccines against most of the major dangerous especially childhood viruses. That are out there. It's fast you have technology. But i think what i'm trying to get to here. Is you have been building to this for all these hundreds of years where people were talking about and filtering down and getting to. There's something we can't see. There's something we can't see. We know it makes people sick. We know how to stop it because we know when you get it once. You usually don't get it again. So maybe if we could expose you to it and train your immune system against all of this culminates in what seems like this very fast process throughout the fifties of forties of making these vaccines and it can seem like that happened really fast but it didn't because it was built on hundreds of years of understanding and i just feel like that scope of things..
Stuff You Missed in History Class
"yellow fever" Discussed on Stuff You Missed in History Class
"Duty essentially yes. We should have been on top of this sooner. But we're doing it now. Okay so the plan for the health commission was to operate with energy and firmness to purify the stables where the disgusting stuff is manufactured. The article stated clearly that if the board of health functioned at all this should be something addressed and it called for wide sweeping condemnation and punishments to everyone in the supply chain stating quote. We take it that the city inspector is prepared to serve his three days notice upon the distillers who furnish the swill at wholesale upon the proprietors at the stables and upon the milkman. Who hawk the period and stuff at the doors of citizens that they all and severally show 'cause before the board why their work of death should not be discontinued. That same article gets a jab in politicians who feigned to be virtuous and care about their constituents but then do nothing once. They're in office and it intrigues the administrators involved to act not like that but do proceed intelligently and remember that the public health is at stake. The writer also compares the milk crisis to the yellow fever outbreak in eighteen fifty. Six just a couple of years prior during which the board of health convened daily and took action comparing their relatively low number of deaths from yellow fever in the city. To the eight thousand children. They calculated had died in eighteen. Fifty seven from swill milk consumption. What came of all this information being shared in the calls to action in the press. You will get into that in just a moment but first we will hear about the sponsors that keep.
Important, Not Important
"yellow fever" Discussed on Important, Not Important
"That already existed which Were one layer of what may what makes a covert nineteen more deadly too many of those groups because of the way it operates once it's in your body of versus healthy white young people for example. Who certainly been affected but not nearly as as a as fatally as as many of those groups but then also again like you said because it is able to transmit so much more. I guess silently. You are suddenly. You see it transmitting so much more effectively in these places where again many of those same groups are living in multi. Generational households are working in meat factories. Or whatever it may be. Its people weren't dropping dead immediately so it was able to keep passing through them pretty quickly. That's exactly exactly the case. It's it's super unfortunate. So i want to understand a little bit about this specific mosquito. That that you mentioned and i'm gonna definitely mispronounce its name. Adc aegypti can you. Can you do a better job of that for me. Yeah eighties dip die at. He's Dammit so close. So doc what is it. And why is it so much more dangerous versus other mosquitoes. Maybe i'm misunderstanding. That but can you talk a little bit about what it is and what it does and how it lives. Why wyatt so different. I mean is is an invasive mosquito originating from africa and it's spread throughout the americas during the slave trade and it's its present throughout the united states and central and south america. It transmits a number of different viruses. So transmits tanganyika yellow fever chicken virus for example And it also. It also is a species that has evolved to sort of preferred to live.
We Need To Talk About Ghosts
"yellow fever" Discussed on We Need To Talk About Ghosts
"The i mean of course layers upon layers of death because the spanish influenza yellow fever and it was or own and all of that good go st We were walking through know. Of course my sister. You're obsessed with doing ghost tours. So we're we're constantly over there looking for something and we were just walking through with this person because we know they're sensitive. Yes so we were. We were having our own private doss tour and we went to the well. Which is an old historical. Well it's one of the original ones in the area and while we were stood around the well to go touch touch here. Do you feel anything. Do you feel anything. And of course. I'm walking around the well. Like an idiot like touching here and there and i did actually feel something at fell somewhere in between like when a limb falls asleep instead 'electricity but not quite so strong just like a little bit of tangle and i was like oh yeah i i feel something. There's something here like maybe a kid. Something like oh it's neat and of course we keep walking on her way. 'cause we're we're killing time until we go to a dinner at a restaurant and i'm shaking my hand and we're walking and they keep kinda side eyeing me and like do you feel something like yeah. My hand like still feels tinguely from from over the welna go. Yeah it followed you blank. It's holding your hand right now. And i was like no thank you very much of course had to walk past the well so we kindly escorted this this young child. Or what. whoever it was they said that it felt like maybe child who had died in the vicinity which isn't hard to believe and very graciously took it back and said goodbye and immediately all of this dissipated. I put my hand back on the wall and it was gone. I mean diane. Do you think. I mean you know this. I know we're talking about your friend here..
Slate's If Then
The Fight Over Vaccine Passports
"Okay. I think that this term vaccine passport gets thrown around lake. We all understand what it means. Is there a- definition like one what does vaccine passport mean. I think it depends you ask the biden administration would say this would be documentation of people who have been vaccinated and they can present it as needed to travel authorities to businesses. That are requiring some proof of the shot. They actually try and avoid the word passport lizzy. The they've talked about credentialing of this information vaccine. Verification republicans would say that passports are it infringement This is an increasing argument from from the right. That passports are an attempt By the government to collect data in an appropriate way to but into people's personal health decisions and even the use of the word passport is creating some complaint that this is an elitist term that only people who travel internationally have passports. So why why are we even cutting on to that terminal. I mean it's not all that different from the like little yellow cards that you get if you've gotten a a yellow fever shot or something like that when you travel or if you traveled in the past i've i've had inoculations and had to show that cross borders. I remember doing the same. When i went to south america. I think in college but the idea is a little different. Only that we're in the middle of a global pandemic right like there's more import able to demonstrate that you're protected against covid nineteen as we're trying to ramp down cove nineteen.
Newsradio 970 WFLA
"yellow fever" Discussed on Newsradio 970 WFLA
"W F L A hotline Patty on Linger joins us, Patty. Good morning. How are you? Good morning. How are you doing? Great, And I know I have a lot of questions. Our listeners have a lot of questions and not a lot of answers. As far as how 2021 is gonna look when it comes to the vaccine and what we will need to be able to travel. Do you think that there's going to be a need for us or we're gonna have to show vaccine record a covert test result to travel in 2021. It probably was going to depend on where you're going to travel to. There will be some countries that are going to require that you have a vaccination status or that you can prove that your virus free So that and you know what? I have a yellow card where I've had to travel, um to show a yellow fever vaccine to go into certain countries, So it's not something that's new. It's just the scope and scale is huge. And Patty, this is Felix Vega. One thing I'm wondering is who is going to regulate this in terms of issuing vaccine card and in terms of like, are the government's gonna work together? On this effort between, say, the United States, the European Union and then you have other countries that go beyond that. I'm actually on a committee that's looking at that where we were just there, discussing some of this. And You're right. It they will work together. There's there is a couple organizations. One is, um, coming up with something called a common path. And where you know you go your medical provider. You would upload your medical information and you end up getting like the QR code that as you're going through, um You know, customs In certain countries, you'd have to show that you are clothed, and it wouldn't give anything at first. A lot of your personal information. It would just say that you have had that vaccine and, you know, sort of like your yellow card. It's been verified that you have had it by a medical provider. We're speaking with Patty. Oh, linger right now executive director of G Back the Global Bio Risk Advisory Council and Patty as far as here locally businesses could you see where we might need to show proof of a test? Proof of vaccine? Um To go into any rain in business. Uh, well, you know, we're already happened to show um, you know, virus career have testing to go to Hawaii. Say, um, so it wouldn't surprise me if we see that in certain businesses at least short term. On. Do you know our legal friend here on I'm the call. He may be able to say a little bit more on what that may have a charge ramifications on certain businesses. It wouldn't surprise me might just send our medical this surgical residents right now. They both had their first vaccine. Um and you know they're already discussing in the medical side of things just like the flu vaccine for Pearl. Most hospitals where they require it. That at some point in time today, man requiring as well, a covert vaccine, so I think it's going to be dependent on the industry that you're in your employer. And then you know again. That legal aspect of can they require are not the real quick. You mentioned the QR code. You remind me of something I saw when the virus first broke out in China and Wuhan. Actually had a system where you had to show If you wanted to travel into the city, you had to show that you had tested negative for the virus. Is that something that you would kind of see that spin out with the vaccine? Where is going to be more digitally regulated rather than having a say paper card or a license? It wouldn't surprise me with the APS and the widespread of the use of phones. I mean, obviously not 100% of individuals have that They also I heard of them talk about if he didn't have like the smart phone that they would give you a card. That would indicate that one of the new tests I think it's the abbot. There is one of the new uh you know, quick test the rapid test that you can get to your home. They actually You upload the information to your smartphone that shows that you're tested negative and it Z. I mean, we're all using our smartphones nowadays and It's a very interesting thing, the thought of going into say, a movie or a sporting event and showing that you, you know, just sort of like your that you bought a ticket. You also are you the virus free or have had your vaccine That's gonna give you so much anxiety. I can't figure out how to use my phone. People are gonna be behind me. They're gonna be yelling at me. Move on, and I can't open my phone patio Linger the global from the global Bio Risk Advisory Council. Patty, Thank you so much for joining us this morning on am Tampa Bay. Thank you. You have a great day, You two. It's 7 17 on and Tampa Bay and let's check in now with our Max defender. Eight whether teams Li span in Lee,.
Coronacast
Why make a vaccine mandatory?
"Sino men were hearing that the Australian government is is trying to secure US supply of vaccine for strands. Once a vaccine is successful, which is great to hear, but we're also hearing from the peon that he wants to make it. As mandatory as possible that people would have to get it at, which is sort of interesting wording I thought given that the vast majority of Austrians have indicated this research showing that they've indicated that they would get it if they could and only a really small proportion say that they wouldn't. So what's the purpose of making a vaccine mandatory if people wanted anyway well, it is a risky strategy. Even, people that might be in favor of having the vaccine might say, well, you're going to force me to have it stuff you. I'M NOT GONNA have it and rebel against the idea just because you're forcing people to have it. So it is a is a difficult situation and you'd have to be pretty sure that the vaccine that you're offering is very, very safe. So that's that's the ethical side of it. There is there are two good scientific reasons for doing it although I'm not promoting the mandatory view I'm just giving you the argument here. So. There is one which is to do with the virus one reasons to do with the virus. So, the virus mutates all the time and by the play of Chen, some of the mutations will give that particular version of the virus an advantage. So we've got this virus that's one four G. that's dominant in Australia, and that's almost certainly dominant because two mutation on the spike protein that allows the virus to enter the body that six one, four g mutation almost certainly. Allows the virus to be transmitted more easily, and therefore that version of the virus will preferentially survive. There'll be more of it is doesn't seem to be a naseer form of the viruses just has more survival advantage. Now, the only selective pressure on the virus at the moment is social distancing. So by social distancing, we're making the harder for the virus to spread in the community. and. Therefore, the viruses that will tend to survive when your social distancing locking down will be those that transmit more easily. But as soon as you go to vaccine and vaccine is blocking a whole lot of mutants of the virus but there might be mutants of the virus which are resistant to the version of the viruses, the vaccine, and therefore those mutants might escape round and therefore it's a bit like antibiotic resistance and you've got a sense viruses that are resistant to antibiotics resistant to that particular form of the vaccine. Now if you mandate a vaccine and you try and get very quickly one hundred percent of the community or near it. Immunized there's almost no virus left in the community to mutate and spin around and get around the corner. That's a strong scientific reason for mandating it or trying to get almost one hundred percent coverage. The other reason is that you don't know yet how effective the new vaccines are going to be. It may be that the first versions are only fifty or sixty percent effective. So therefore, do the maths if only say seventy percent of the community gets immunized and it's only fifty percent effective. Then you've only got thirty thirty, five percent coverage that's not enough to give you large enough haired immunity to. Get the virus down to very low levels. I mean the other incentive is that you know if you WANNA go to Port Douglas for your holidays, you're GonNa need something like the old yellow fever vaccination certificate to show that you've had it before they'll let you in and that'll be a strong incentive to people to do that or if you want to go to the movies, you gotTa Show Your certificate but you've had it done robin mandating it you got to be immunized to get into certain environments right then that's what we have at the moment in the sense with child vaccinations. And being able to access childcare but there are problems with mandating a vaccine that on one hand is the individual side of it where you balancing someone's ability to have an individual choice against the greater. Good. But even on the greater good. If they were problems of the vaccine, because anything that we have is going to be brought out quite quickly if there were any sort of problems with it, then that really arrives that public trust and might make it even harder to get the sort of number of vaccinated people that we would need to get to get the reduction in transmissibility that is. What we need a vaccine full yeah and those are really good reasons. The reason that you can really push it hard particularly, which preschool children is that the vaccines we have given to hundreds of millions of kids, hundreds of millions of adults. We know the really safe. We know the site apart profile, really really rare and you can insist on it with a lot with a high degree of safety. In other words, you know what the risks of getting measles are, and you know what the risks getting polio are and the risks of the vaccine or infinitesimal highly almost non measurable comp-. In comparison. covid nineteen it's a little bit different because point six percent of people die from this although ten or fifteen percent maybe even more get quite unwell with it. So that's quite a large proportion of the community but you the you're right. That is the equation of the government is going to be very confident about. Okay. So let's say we do have a vaccine and one hundred percent of Australians get vaccinated what we still living on a planet with other people we can't. We can't guarantee vaccination for the whole globe. So there is there is an answer to that question and Garvey the global. Immunization Initiative not for profit initiative argues exactly that point is that there is no point and just having your own nation immunized because if you want International Border Open Up, you need the world to be immunised, which is why they've got this system through Sepe and Garvey of of funding vaccine so that low income countries get access to the to the
Second Opinion
Leaving the World Health Organization
"This is Dr Michael Wilks with. The pinion over the past few years. Our President has made some incredibly ill informed policy decisions even in the face of clear evidence to the contrary, these decisions have negatively impacted people's lives through policies around covid climate change, immigration health care women's rights, lgbt rights education, and of course, our relationship with foreign countries, but the president's recent decision to leave the sixty year. Old World Health Organization is among the very most irresponsible decision will. Will hurt the US every bit as much as it will hurt the rest of the world the W. H.. O. Is not a perfect organization. It is plagued by politics and infighting and a low budget, but it's still serves a super important function. The whol plays a key role in many decisions that directly or indirectly affect our lives more than ever before our global interconnected world create great risks particularly with regard to the spreading. Spreading of diseases, it is the WHO that is. Our First Line of defense the WHO. I alerted the world to the infection that came to be called covid in early January, and it advised healthcare workers how to protect themselves from the spread. Perhaps it could have been more aggressive with its policies, but if there is a problem, conduct an audit help improve the organization. Don't be a baby and take your toys and walk away. Away and it's not just covid were who plays a vital role. It coordinates the global response to diseases like polio Ebola Malaria HIV TB and yellow fever. The near nation of diseases like polio has saved the US tens of billions of dollars in treatment costs, and the WHO isn't the only Health Organization the US refuses to work with as the US decided to focus inwardly. We have already stopped funding the pan. American Health Organization. Pan. America is the area that is currently home to half of the top ten countries with co Vid. Now aside from helping ourselves, we also have a social responsibility to help resource poor countries by helping to provide education laboratory training tools like p. p. e. and clinical trials drugs to treat emerging and reemerging diseases. When we step back from these responsibilities, China steps in, and they're now in our backyard, working with countries that will old them a big favor. The WHO also directly benefits the US for example each year influenza virus mutates resulting in new variants around the world. It is the W. H. O. that leads the. The flu vaccine development process each year which includes several American researchers and organizations like our FDA and CDC. The US depends on data from the WHO to predict which strain of the flu will spread to the US so that we can make ineffective vaccination in the end the total US funding for the WHO is equivalent to the overhead of about one ass hospital about three hundred seventy million dollars. It would be very hard to get better value for that
Short Wave
The Congolese Doctor Who Discovered Ebola
"At the beginning of an epidemic, it's essential to discover the source of the disease. For scientists who do that work, it's extremely challenging and without risk to their own health. But the scientists who played an essential role in discovering bulla way back in nineteen, seventy six doesn't always get the credit he deserves in today's episode. We explore the history of a bowl and the consequences of scientific exploitation. It's part of our week of episodes here on the show celebrating and recognizing the contributions of black scientists enjoy. You're listening to shortwave. From NPR. Safai here with none other than NPR East Africa correspondent Ater, Peralta Hey there ater. Hey, Mattie, thank you so much for talking to us all the way from Kenya. I know there's like an eight hour time difference. I am thrilled. But I want to open with a quick question. Who discovered Ebola and do not Google it. First of all. How dare you asked me a question? I should definitely know the answer to, and don't and yeah I already, Google Bet. Came up was. A Belgian microbiologist, but I think you're about to tell me. There's more to this there. Absolutely, there always is right so. Cheated. What you probably saw is a bunch of white westerners like. Dr John Jack. Yembeh does not yeah. He was not one of the people that came up. Yes, so, he's Congolese doctor and today he's doing really important work heading up the response to the current Ebola outbreak in Congo, but back in nineteen, seventy six, we embed. First doctor to. COLLECT ANY BOLA sample. His crucial role in discovering Bolla is often just a footnote, a lot of the history of people. Has Been Written? Without your name. Yes but. You know this Yes it. Did Not quite. Today on the show correcting the record on a Bola, the story of Dr, John Jack Mugabe and what he's doing now to ensure African scientists are part of writing it's. To some in the medical community, it's a controversial move. Okay Ater, so we're talking about a Congolese Dr John, Shaq. And his role in discovering a bola. When do we begin? So when I sat down with him at his office in Kinshasa. He said we should start in. Hundred seventy three. We had just gotten his PhD microbiology at the Riga Institute in Belgium, and he could have stayed in Europe, but he decided to come back to Congo, but when I arrive via. The condition of work were not I had no lab have no. Mice for experimentation, so it was very difficult to work here. Yeah, it's tough to do lab work without a lab, you know. Without a library to instead he took a job as a field epidemiologist and just a couple of years later in Nineteen seventy-six. was sent from Kinshasa the capital of Congo to the village of Yambuku to investigate a mysterious outbreak. it's the first recorded outbreak of Ebola, but no one knew that at the time they thought maybe it was typhoid or yellow fever, and he goes to this local hospital, and he says he finds it completely empty. Why was nobody there? Local residents thought the hospital was the source of the infection and people had died there. But in the morning when they heard Giambi was sent from the capital, the thought he had medicine till they started to come back to the hospital, and we started seeing patients. So so, what's he seeing? When the patients come in, he was seeing. People who were very weak fever? They had headaches I started to to make the physical time. But at that time will have no gloves. And, of course he had to draw blood, but when I removed. They're the sit inch. Both continue to spread out. What I am to see these phenomenal. And also my fingers or with a bow. Wow. Yeah, so he says he he would wash his hands a lot, but really he says it was just luck that he didn't catchable. Yeah, definitely I mean. That's amazing that he's in there and there's no gloves and there's patients and they don't really know what's going on, and he was able to not get it in at this point. We MP he was startled. But then three nurses died that night and a Belgian nun who was working in the village, also got sick with fever. All the nuns had been vaccinated against typhoid and yellow fever. So at this point me MBA was like. Oh, it's probably not those things. Yeah! I mean in the severity to the deaths with this outbreak. He started to realize that this was something different, so he. He convinced one none took back to Kinshasa with him. So what happens next? She died at a hospital a couple of days later, but he took blood samples, and he sent them to Belgium for testing and the guy on the other end that was Peter Piot. Who at the time was with the Institute for Tropical Medicine in Belgium, the guy who turned up from Google search. Yeah. That's right, and so he and other scientists start working to identify the culprit. The CDC in the US gets involved and the realize. This is a new virus that caused hemorragic. Call it Ebola. They name it after a river by the village where it was discovered. So, what you saw out in the field, the blood samples guide all of this plays a crucial role in the history of right. It was huge, but it's PR who gets the bulk of the credit for discovering all up and you can tell this bothers John Jock membe. If you don't recognize the work done in the field, I, it is not correct. it is a team. You know it is a team. Pr Actually wrote a memoir no time to lose and he does mention. But just in passing as a bright scientist, whose constantly pestering him for more resources. Has talked about this well. Peter Pyatt, facetime video, so I got on the phone. He's now the director of the prestigious London, School of Hygiene and tropical medicine and I asked him if he felt at all responsible for writing. Out of his history of Ebola I think that's a comment, but my book less not an attempt to write than that's history of Boll and sold more. My personal experience is more biographies that sense. Was this kind of like an awkward conversation to have ater. Yeah I mean especially because he's Belgian and Belgium was the colonial power in Congo. Ultimately, he looks at it with a little bit of distant. That at the time African scientists they were simply excluded and white scientists parachuted in they took samples, wrote papers that were published in the West and they took all the credit he so he actually said he did. In that actually surprised me and I think. Part of the reason. I feel that he so comfortable. Talking about this is because he's in an academic setting. I think in universities across the world. Students are talking about privilege, so he seems like he is very comfortable having this conversation right now. I mean there's there's something very weird kind of about that coming from him right as a person who has admitted to taking part in exploitative science, absolutely and one of the good things is that he says that things are changing. We mbappe for example has received several international awards just recently for pioneering. The first effective treatment for Ebola reflects our stinky you. Say the politicians in global health in science, General. So okay. I want to ask you about the treatment in a minute, but to put it very bluntly. Have there actually been any concrete steps to try to change this power dynamic in the global health field? Because this is certainly not one of you know two stories. This is one of many many stories. There is I mean look. NBA has made a decision that many thought unthinkable leaving just a few years ago, he decided that all of the blood samples collected during this most recent Ebola. Epidemic will stay in Congo, so if anyone wants to study this outbreak, they will have to come to his institute. I bet that has ruffled some feathers though. I have I've heard from some American scientists. Who have privately expressed frustrations in the are really the ones who have led the way in studying Ebola, but peanut understands that decision when you think about how African scientists have been historically treated, and he says that Western scientists should just get over it. We have to wake up key things one. The world is changing too much endless Nah it's so weird to hear him say a matter of fairness, ater matter of fairness. Okay, so before we move on, tell me about the treatment that Mugabe worked on. So this is the thing that makes him smile right. We embiid calls it the most important achievement of his life, and it goes back to one thousand, nine, hundred, five during another equal outbreak in Congo. Eighty one percent of people infected with Ebola in this village were dying, and he wondered if antibodies developed bipolar survivors could be siphoned from their blood and used to treat new cases, so he gave sick patients transfusions of blood from a bowl of survivors. Too He injected Ebola patients with the blood of survivors. It vision. And seven survive, he says the medical establishment brought him off because he didn't have a control group. That's what they told him. But if this idea was accepted by scientists. We see a lot of life. Okay I mean to be fair. That is a really small group with no control among some other stuff. But on the other hand, it doesn't mean that he was wrong. You know that it should be totally dismissed, and maybe if more scientists looked into, it collaborated with him, maybe tried to replicate that data in some way, they could have learned something with him right because we now know that he was in fact correct about the antibodies. Yeah, I mean that's right in the context is important because I think what really eat set him. Is that maybe lots and lots of people could have been saved during the West. West Africa outbreak, which happened from two thousand, thirteen to two, thousand sixteen, and look just this year that science became the foundation of what is now proven to be the first effective treatment against the Bulla that is saving seventy percent of the people who are treated with amazing. Is He getting credit for that? At this point, he is yeah, absolutely okay, so how does look back on all of this week? What's what's his view on this is so he's he seventy seven, so he's obviously thinking about his legacy. One of the things that he told me is that he's always dreamed that big science could come out of Congo, and partly because of him, that's more likely happen. He got a commitment from Japan to build a state of the art research facility in Kinshasa and in the lab, just a few feet from his office where we talked US scientists were using advanced machines to sequence DNA of the Bulla samples that have to stay here in Congo Okay so moon bay, doctor and scientists who started in the Congo with no lab has a lab and is soon getting an even better one to do his work. Yeah, exactly, yeah, now I have my share. In. So I have my I have. A good subculture will bring joy. But he also has vice rate with micro biologist without Nice, I, asked myself that every day. And, so you know what he says, his biggest legacy won't be that. He helped to discovery or cure for it. It'll be if another young Congolese. Scientist finds himself with an interesting blood sample. He'll be able to investigate it
Bloomberg Daybreak
EPA Grants First Permit to Test Genetically Modified Mosquitoes in Houston, Florida Keys
"The U. S. environmental protection agency has granted permission for genetically engineered mosquitoes to be released in the Florida Keys and around Houston to see if they can help limit the spread of mosquito borne illnesses the British biotech company Oxitec limited was granted an experimental use permit to release of genetically engineered type of the skill species known to be associated with the Sikh of virus and viruses that cause yellow fever besides the EPA's office of chemical safety and pollution Oxitec must get state and local approval before it can start field testing but if granted testing will take place over a two year period in Monroe County Florida starting this summer and in Harris County Texas beginning in twenty twenty one when genetically engineered males are released into the field they mate with wild female mosquitoes with only male mosquitoes able to survive the population decrease suse as the gene spreads
Encyclopedia Womannica
Ida B Wells: The Unsung Heroine of the Civil Rights Movement
"Born into slavery. Today's warrior became a journalist. Educator civil workers rights activists in suffer. Just she is best known as the leader of the Anti Lynching Movement her reporting on the violent injustices faced by African Americans and the work to make United States or more equitable place significantly impacted American society. Let's talk about ib well IDA. Bell Wells was born in Holly Springs Mississippi on July Sixteenth. Eighteen sixty two six months. Before the emancipation proclamation. She was the eldest of six children. When I was sixteen. Her parents died in a yellow fever. Outbreak Ida was determined that she and her siblings would not be split up so she got jobs a teacher at a rural country school in eighteen. Eighty two item move with her family to Memphis Tennessee. Two years later I was riding on a train from work when she was asked to move. She was instructed to move to the colored car which also served as a smoking area. Furious either refuse when the conductor forcibly removed from the train ida bit how she sued the Railroad Company and ultimately lost the case according to a story in me obey the injustice inspired beginning of her activism in journalism career while working as a journalist Ida wrote about ride subjects she was an outspoken reporter and weighed in on issues such as disenfranchisement and segregation rapidly. Ida became one of the most prominent black journalists have her time and was called the princess of the press in eighteen ninety two. I disclose friend and two other African Americans were murdered by Lynch mob. The killings motivated IDA to expose the reality of becoming one the first reporter city so I don't wrote articles condemning the attack and the wrongful deaths of African Americans and one article titled Lynch Law. In America I wrote the nineteenth century lynching mob cut off. Ears toes and fingers strips of flesh and distributes sugars person at the body as souvenirs among the crowd. Her Writing Ida documented the dangers that black southerner face after one particularly controversial article. That either wrote a mob stormed the office of her newspaper and destroyed the press. Fortunately I wasn't in the office when the incident occurred still the attack understandably Friday nighter and she left town. She moved to New York where she worked at the New York Age and African American newspaper. There she continued her work exposing lynching and wrote a report on the subject for the publication. Ooh In eighteen. Ninety eight IDA brought her campaign to the White House. She discuss lynchings with President. Mckinley Alami Congress for a National Anti Lynching Law in one thousand nine hundred five item to Chicago and married for an Ed Barnett with whom she had four children in Chicago. Idaho for many prominent civil rights organizations including the National Association of Color Women That Alpha suffrage club and the end ablaze c. p. she actively fought for the women's suffrage movement during one suffers parade organizers told IDA and the other black women incidents to march in the back the organizers feared that women of color would offend southern delegates but either refused standing her ground despite the enormous backlash she received. Ida's fight for. Social Justice was relentless. She continued her activism and to her death in one thousand nine hundred eighty one at the age of Sixteen Ida is best remembered for her invaluable role as a social pioneer Ida a risks her life repeatedly to fight against the score of lynching and to protect African Americans all over the country.
Short Wave
The Congolese Doctor Who Discovered Ebola
"Safai here with none other than NPR east. Africa correspondent eight Peralta to. Hey there ater. Hey mattie thank you so much for talking to us all the way from Kenya. I know there's like an eight hour time difference. I am thrilled but I want to open with a quick question who discovered Ebola and Google. It first of all. How dare you asked me a a question? I should definitely know the answer to and don't and yeah I already. Google bet came up was a Belgian. Microbiologist I but I think you're about to tell me there's more to the story there absolutely there always is right so I mean you cheated. Yeah what you probably saw is a bunch of White Westerners like Dr John Jack. Mugambi does not. Yeah he was not one of the people that came up yes so he's Congolese doctor and today he's doing really important work heading up the response to the current Ebola outbreak in Congo. But back in nineteen seventy six. We we emberg he was the first doctor to collect any bola sample. His crucial role in discovering Bolla is often just a footnote. A lot of history has been written without your name. Yes but you on this Yes it is it not correct did not quite so today on the show correcting the record on a bola the story of Dr John Jock Mugabe and what he's doing now to ensure African scientists are part of writing its future to some in the medical community. It's a controversial move. Okay ater so we're talking talking about a Congolese Dr Jacques in his role in discovering Abullah. When do we begin? So when I sat down with him at his office in Kinshasa south he said we should start in nineteen seventy three. We had just gotten his PhD in microbiology at the Institute in Belgium and and he could have stayed in Europe but he decided to come back to Congo. But when I arrive here The condition of work were not I. I had no lab. I have no mice for experimentation so it was very difficult to work here. Yeah it's tough to do lab work without a lab you now. He said without a library to instead he took a job as a field epidemiologist and just a couple of years later in Nineteen nineteen seventy six we sent from Kinshasa the capital of Congo to the village of Yambuku to investigate a mysterious outbreak It's the first recorded outbreak of Ebola. But no one knew that at the time they thought maybe it was typhoid or yellow fever and he goes to this local hospital but he says he finds it completely empty was nobody there. Local residents thought the hospital was the source of the infection and and people had died there but in the morning when they heard was sent from capitol. They thought he had medicine till they started to come back to the hospital and we started seeing patients. So so what's he seeing. When the patients come in he was seeing people who were very weak with fever they had headaches? I started it to him to make the physical time but at that time. have no gloves you know gloves. And of course he had to draw blood but when I removed they're the city which Blood continued to spread out. It was the first time from two CDs momentum and also my fingers so with a bow. Wow Yeah so he says he he would wash his hands a lot but really really he says it was just luck that he didn't catchable. Yeah definitely I mean. That's amazing that he's in there and there's gloves and there's patients and they don't really know what's going on and he was able to not get it and at this point we MP. He was startled but then three nurses died that night and a Belgian nun who was working in the village also got sick with a fever all the nuns had been vaccinated against typhoid and yellow fever. So at this point I was like. Oh it's probably not those things. Thanks yeah I mean in the severity to the deaths with this outbreak. He started to realize that this was something different. So he convinced one none to go back to Kinshasa with him so what happens next. She died at a hospital a couple of days later but he took blood samples and he sent them to Belgium for testing and the guy on the other end. That was Peter. Piot who at the time was with the Institute for Tropical Medicine in Belgium. Aw The guy who turned up from Google Search. Yeah that's right. And so he and other scientists start working to identify the culprit the CDC in the US US gets involved and they realize this is a new virus that caused hemorragic
AP News Radio
Vaccine group announces creation of Ebola vaccine stockpile
"The vaccine alliance Gabby was announced he would invest one hundred and seventy eight billion dollars to create a global stockpile of about half a million Ebola vaccines a decision health officials say could help prevent future outbreaks from spiraling out of control they're similar stockpiles the vaccines against yellow fever meningitis and cholera limited shots all of the above the vaccine would be available to developing countries by W. H. show UNICEF the red cross and doctors without borders after receiving technical advice from others chose to live this month London
A Moment of Science
Mosquitoes On The Scent
"What's let's smell. Do you like it. It's my new citronella perfume. Miss Submit role strong good. I'm ready to do anything to keep those nasty mosquitoes at bay. Did you know that some mosquitoes carry diseases like encephalitis. West Nile Dangi and yellow fever and malaria. Maybe having snow isn't all you need to be doing. Site is known for over half century that mosquito species are attracted to carbon dioxide heat and moisture any warm-blooded species produces those three things since that time researchers have been trying to figure out what specific odors in humans attract disease-carrying species. She's so you're saying I need to get rid of a spell yes take. West Nile virus for example according to the CDC West Nile virus is is the leading cause of mosquito borne disease in the continental United States scientists studying mosquito culex quinquefasciatus did research to figure out why it feeds on humans as well as other host species downtown me. It's the smell you guessed it. Mosquitoes smell whether antennas and this two legs mosquito has a special sensitivity to a chemical called mono produced by both birds and humans when scientists bathing mosquito traps for the the combination of nominal and carbon dioxide. They were capturing over two thousand mosquitoes a night that was fifty percent more than with carbon dioxide alone. That's great. Where can I get. Some traps are selling any traps yet but you might wanna cut back on the perfume Yale. I think you're keeping more award mosquitoes. Had this moment of science comes from Indiana University. I'm Ya Cassandra and armed don glass.
UN News
News in Brief 28 August 2019
"This is the news in brief from the united nations. Janine hannes plaid shirt special representative and head of the u._n._c. since mission for iraq or briefed briefed the security council on wednesday via video conference spotlighting funding shortfalls his hut most concern after saluting enormous sacrifices made that led to rex freedom and sovereignty the special representative lamented that both defining facility for stabilization and humanitarian response plan are facing enormous thomas financial gaps of three hundred and five hundred million dollars respectively. The united chief recalled that iraq's daunting challenges did not arise overnight it in will not be resolved tomorrow but as iraq is press ahead. They need an engaged international community at their side misinformation on vaccines. He's he's as contagious in dangerous as diseases. It helps to spread. That's according to the head of the u. N. health agency and it is being disseminated far and fast on social media throughout many countries including during critical vaccination campaigns like those underway for polio in pakistan or yellow fever in south america with these in mind tetras gabrielle's director general of the world health organization or w._t._o. Expressed his appreciation to the internet photo sharing service pinterest dressed for its commitment to provide only evidence based vaccine information to its users in this way protecting public health. We hope to see other social media platforms around the world following interests lead. He said turning to canada the u._n. Special repertoire and violence against women welcomed a bill removing sexual discrimination from federal law dealing with indigenous peoples before the bill entered into force on fifteen august provisions within the indian act act meant women lost their status when they married non-indigenous men while men who married non-indigenous women kept theirs for decades first nations women in their descendants have faced sex-based discrimination that has been perpetuated by these provisions constituting violation of international and national gender equality standards said the u._n. Expert an academy u._n. News.
UN News
News in Brief 20 August 2019
"This is the news in brief from the united nations. The recent outbreak of fighting in southern yemen between former allies that are still locked in combat with hootie opposition forces forces in the north of the country is a clear sign that the current conflict must be brought to an end you an envoy martin griffiths said on tuesday updating the security council so in new york on his efforts to secure a peaceful end to more than four years of war. Mr griffiths insisted that the u._n. Remains committed to inclusive dialogue that resolves differences am to addressing the concerns of all yemenis including something groups that the range of us to be taken into account in any dialogue on the future of yemen and we i need all of its citizens to assist us in making sure that future is stable and secure. This is a vital importance the efforts to end the conflict perfect and to ensure the resumption of the political transition that has been interrupted by these recent years. I hope all yemeni stakeholders from all parts of the country take events in arden as a clear sign that the current the conflict must be brought and swiftly and peacefully and in a manner which addresses the needs of yemenis across the country his comments come amid clashes between southern separatists and government forces in aden. Mr griffiths welcomed the fact that a ceasefire deal in hodeida governor it had maintained the flow. If desperately needed humanitarian supplies and lead to a sustained reduction in violence intensifying clashes in the southern libyan town of merck involving air and drone strikes strikes in recent days have left at least ninety people dead and displaced thousands of terrified civilians the u._n. Said on tuesday the warning over these small oasis town follows follows local media reports that the clashes involved tribal opponents of these self-styled libyan national army of commander khalifa after which in april began on offensive on libya's capital it'll tripoli jens locker from the office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs or arch condemned the ongoing clashes casualties on all sides of the fighting have continued canoed as a result of air strikes by planes and drowns indiscriminate rocket attacks shelling and direct fighting on the ground. We know for a fact that at least six children into of them were killed. Four of them were injured in a strike that hit a house hosting internally displaced people on the eighth of august according adding to the u._n. Nine thousand four hundred and fifty people have now been displaced by the violence in and around music since the beginning of august the u._n. And humanitarian partners are responding with emergency healthcare food distribution shelter and non-food items but access remains extremely limited in music itself and finally venezuela where the u._n. Children's fund unicef has appealed for help to provide lifesaving assistance to nine hundred thousand youngsters as the country continues to face aid <hes> economic crisis more than three million children need help amid food shortages and limited access to healthcare and save water unicef said in a statement in its appeal hill for more than seventy million dollars. The agency said that vaccine preventable diseases including measles and diptheria have emerged while yellow fever and malaria are on the arise around one point three million children and adolescence need protection services while over a million are now out of school daniel johnson u._n. News.
The Big Story
Mosquitoes will probably kill us all one day
"Right now if handled properly mosquitoes in Canada aren't annoyance a buzzkill even yes they are capable of spreading West Nile virus but it's not terribly likely at least not right now but if the role of this little critter throughout um the entire scope of human history tells us anything. This is not likely to stay that way a new book on the history of the mosquito reports that the best estimates are that about one hundred eight billion humans have ever lived on this planet and fifty two billion of them die due to mosquito borne diseases and no those diseases are not present in the suckers that are ruining your evening outside this weekend. They are not as far away as they used to be either. If there's one thing we should know although mosquitoes by now it's that they will survive and they will spread and they will find a way to make our lives miserable so it's probably only a matter of time <music>. I'm Jordan Heath Rawlings and this is the bug story Dr David Fiszman is an epidemiologist at Delana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto is seen his fair share mosquito borne and diseases hi David. Thanks for joining us. Thank you very much driving when people like me ask you questions about Mosquitos. What is the most common thing we get wrong? The common assumption most of the people who who asked me about Mosquitos are my family members really <hes> and they they they usually just want to know. How is it okay to put debate on small children which I think is still risk-benefit kind of stuff so in terms of my professional opinion as an epidemiologist infectious diseases people seldom seldom seek out my opinion and <hes> I sort of tend to foisted on them? I think I think the most important thing about mosquitos is that you know as you've said they've had tremendous impact on human history human civilization and I mean the whole way the Vatican's laid out with the pope having a summer residence up on a hillside outside room. That's all about malaria. I mean you know really the word. Malaria is Italian. Were just like influences. The air is bad. GotTa get the pope out from so he doesn't die of malaria so these diseases have really shaped you know civilization <hes> how we've been governed <hes> how the globe was colonized by Europeans rate and I think to me as someone who does infectious disease stuff enough for a living the most common misconception is that it's about the mosquitoes being there or not being there because mosquitoes are kind of everywhere you know you can go to northern Canada obviously and the mosquitoes aren't around the winter in the winter is long but come that come that thaw the mosquitoes are back so there there there there are many many agenda of mosquitoes within each of those many species some conspiracies some can't but the spread of disease doesn't tend to be about there being particular killer mosquitoes somewhere or not. I think that's misconception. I I agree with your premise or your your question is sh. Should we be concerned about global environmental change that we think driven by largely by humans all of those things you know abundance of water drought temperature all of those things have to do with mosquito abundance mosquito biting rates and you know where Mosquitos are GonNa find habitat and that's extremely important in terms of how infectious purchase disease this move when I say and when I hear from <hes> friends and relatives that when they're up at their cottage this year and last year it seems like the mosquitoes last longer into the year are in more abundance and are just the way way worse than they've ever been. Nobody's exaggerating or we right in terms of the absolute abundance. I can't comment on that. I know so far this year. We don't have West Nile but it's not August yet. Is that the peak period yeah so so so the the two mechanisms for human disease that comes from mosquitoes broadly speaking to mechanisms one is you can have <hes> what's called an amplification cycle that involves humans and mosquitoes and the example of that would be something like malaria where you know someone I am a mosquito actually may come off an airplane from an area with a lot of malaria in New Jersey. Let's say which doesn't have endemic malaria anymore and someone opens that case in the mosquito has malaria bites that person now if you're in an environment end where there are some number of other mosquitoes can spread that disease they may also bite that person and they then become infected if they then go off and feed on other people get blood meals from other people they infect them and that's what's called an amplification cycle so let's say the Mosquitos from that one person or sufficient to infect five other people via intermediate mosquitoes that that's what we would call a reproduction number of five so you need to have the right mosquitoes there <hes> the right types of mosquitoes and you also have to have mosquitoes the types of mosquitoes that are biting enough to get those five other people infected but they'll then be fed on mosquitoes and if each of them produces another five case of malaria now you've gone from one case to five case it's twenty five cases and what's what's called an epidemic <hes>. It's an it's an exponential growth process that perpetuates itself an epidemic so really scary. How fast can that happen over very I do remember the Bola outbreak in two thousand fifteen in west Africa that had everybody kind of freaked out? I mean that was over a period of a couple of months that you went from you know basically a handful of cases too. I think by the end of it there was some thirty thousand cases because you're dealing with exponential growth. How fast it happens depends on what people talk about as the generation time? Time which is the interval between a case being infected and they're basically on offspring cases being infected so the shorter that is the faster at happens with things like West Nile or there's a disease he's called Ross River that they ha- Ross reverse that they have in Australia for example what you have there is you have a human animal amplification cycle and were collateral damage so for example with West Nile the reason the mosquito fool start turning positive usually late July August and maybe later this year because we had the cool spring is <hes> that it goes mosquito bird mosquito bird mosquito bird and you have that same amplification cycle that results in increasing disease prevalence in the birds which makes mosquitoes more and more likely to get infected and somewhere through that summer when you have a high enough prevalence of infection mosquitoes reach a point where mosquitos that will feed both on birds and humans which are minority of mosquitoes they start to be infected to and then those are called bridge factors so they'll bridge those two population so you get the disease moving from an animal population to us and we're dead end hosts so we can get sick with West Nile but we'RE NOT GONNA give it to mosquito. Give it back to a bird so we're dead end. How efficient are mosquitoes compared to other creatures at spreading these kind of diseases? The big vulnerability for mosquitoes as vectors is GONNA hold my arm up to the microphone. Is that try eh noise. They don't live long rate their their lives. Are I can't remember who said it nasty brutish short right and so you have that built into the math when people look at how do these epidemics grow one of the most important factors is that mosquitoes that get infected very likely to die soon. They're very likely to die before they feed on someone again and that keeps this reproduction down reproduction number down it turns out the what's most important in driving diseases that well so it would be in driving all of these diseases because whether it's a it's a mosquito to animal to mosquito disease mosquito to human to mosquito disease. What's going to drive that is the biting rate because the biting rate both impacts the rate which mosquitoes in fact and at the rate which mosquitoes are infected expression for this reproduction number which is number new cases you get from an old case in totally susceptible population and some of the things that are in there are mosquito density? How many mosquitoes are there per human pra creature <hes>? How long does the mosquitoes lives? You know <hes> isn't that expression. The biting rate is one squared term and that expression so the more mosquito bite the more they get infected but also the more they infect us with more in the case of west smile infect birds so to bring this back to climate change. Guess what mosquito behavior turns out to be really temperatures are no that's good. That's not good. Isn't it so what happens exactly so years argument that I've made this is published. I've I've I've suggested this and lectures okay. I think this is probably probably true. You know I think in Canada we think about the U._S.. And the slave trade Brazil was really the great slaving nation in the Western a hemisphere for very long time it was it was the epicenter of the slave trade and they're you know just millions and millions and millions of human beings in mosquitoes were trafficked from sub Saharan Africa to South America and people and died a lot and a lot of them died of disease right and there's this really interesting genetic work. That's gone on on a disease called yellow fever which is present in South America but which is thought to have originated in Africa and what you see. Is that disease disease if you look at the lineage of the viruses that disease was clearly introduced into South America by the slave trade and <hes> it's spread by what are called eighties mosquitoes which are the baddies for a lot of the stuff eighties. Mosquitoes seem to be really good at spreading a lot of different viruses and off lease <hes> <hes> Anopheles mosquitoes tend to spread malaria eighties ten spent most of the viral diseases. We worry about case so you've got this this disease imported in the late fourteen fifteen hundreds from Brazil with this massive traffic of human beings and it becomes established established it becomes a probably there must have had epidemics becomes endemic exactly the same parts of the world have chicken gun ooh virus and Zico virus but we've never had chicken Gunja or Zeka established in South America until like ten years ago right and all of a sudden these endemic diseases and South America notwithstanding the fact that there has been massive amounts of movement of humans goods and presumably insect right between those fears over a period of about five hundred years so how is it that you never had these diseases move and then all of a sudden they did the right if you look at the reproduction number for <hes> yellow fever. It's just hire at baseline in eighties mosquitoes. It is in these other diseases but the most important part of that reproduction number is biting rate. which is I say temperature sensitive the other thing that's temperature sensitive is how fast the virus develops and becomes infectious in the mosquito before bites again so you have these two really important things that are temperature sensitive sensitive with reproduction numbers? It's like a tipping point thing right. If the reproduction number is below one you know I show up sort of thing I might do show up at a party and I'm ill with some unusual infectious disease Mr Fund and I infect on average zero point nine or zero point eight new cases right. I can't in fact part of human but if the average ratio of an old case to new cases less than one what happens is you can get a chain of transmission and you can freak people the hell out with something like bird flu that is very likely to kill people it infects but it's going to be <hes> self-limited right once once you have a reproduction number that is greater than one even a little bit like a Bolo is probably one point three or one point five once you're into the realm of <hes> exponential growth which you will have if you reproduction numbers greater than one things can explode in my my personal read of what's been happening in the world over the last decade or two is that you have diseases that. That were near that threshold like Zico like chicken Gunja. We've always had lots of movement of people and lots of goods and you know and and creatures between these these different places but if you push on this parameter like biting rate and also on on time to become transmissible you push on that a little bit by increasing nighttime temperatures which they've had in Brazil I mean we think of Brazil's hot place but there are actually data Brazil's warming to and it's warming at night and that seems to be really important and if you can push that above above that threshold then you go from something that when it's introduced which must have been introduced last five hundred years it just flames out to something that can set up epidemics. You know it's a whole new ballgame and I think that's that's just such a great kind of exemplar of what climate change yeah and do because you know you don't know you've crossed these thresholds till you cross them <hes> and and we we don't really know what other thresholds their heart across that you know as things get warmer and warmer we we may cross he sort of recognized this crossing the thresholds Post Hawk which is part of why this is such a problem will what would that look like <hes> given our current mosquito
Ben Maller
Mosquitoes Don't Like Skrillex, But Listening To His Music Isn't Enough To Keep Them Away
"Electronic music on female, mosquitoes and female mosquitoes are the only ones that bite, and so they tested this on the yellow fever mosquito which is kind of known as one of the most notorious because it spreads yellow fever and. A lot of other diseases. And so they were testing the effects of music on these yellow fever female mosquitoes. And when screw lex was playing the females bit less than when the music was off. And so they said the observation that this type of music can delay a mosquito attack and reduce blood feeding is actually something they're going to continue to study now because they say sound is crucial for the reproduction and survival of many animals, including