18 Burst results for "William Lloyd Garrison"
Encyclopedia Womannica
"william lloyd garrison" Discussed on Encyclopedia Womannica
"Decade. After her indentured service ended, Maria moved to Boston. She earned a living for a while working as a domestic servant until she married James W Stewart. He was a free black man who had served during the war of 1812. When Maria met him, he was working as a shipping agent. James had earned enough wealth to put the newlywed couple in the small black middle class in Boston. At a time when black people only made up roughly 3% of the city's total population. But Maria's days of financial security were short lived. After just three years of marriage, her husband died. The white executors of his will prevented Maria from claiming his inheritance. The legal battle over the estate left her in poverty once again. Maria returned to domestic work to support herself. In the aftermath of James death, she also turned to religion for comfort. Her strengthening faith went hand in hand with the new political fervor. She had already been rubbing shoulders in abolitionist circles in Boston. Even befriending prominent radical abolitionist David walker. Now, Maria wanted to become a more vocal part of the cause. In 1831, William Lloyd garrison, a white abolitionist and publisher, put out a call for black writers to contribute to his abolitionist newspaper, the liberator. Maria showed up at his office with a manuscript containing several essays for his consideration. William agreed to publish them. In the summer of 1831, Maria's first ever pamphlet, religion and the pure principles of morality was published. In it, she called for black Americans to organize together against slavery in the south and systemic racism in the north. Maria wrote, it is not the color of the skin that makes the man, but it is the principles formed within the soul. She also advocated for black economic progress, women's rights and the value of widely accessible education. Maria's political activism soon went beyond the printed page. In April of 1832, she stood before a female only crowd at the African American female intelligence society to deliver her first ever speech. A few months later, Maria delivered a second lecture at Franklin hall in Boston. Except this time there were men in the audience, too. This speech marked one of the first recorded instances of an American woman of any race speaking publicly, and it was a radical act at the time. In Maria's day, only men were allowed to pursue public speaking careers. It was considered improper and taboo for women to speak in front of crowds, especially in front of men. But Maria didn't care. In her Franklin hall speech, she argued that the plight of free black Americans in the United States was hardly better than those who were still enslaved. She said, look at many of the most worthy and most interesting of us, doomed to spend our lives in gentlemen's kitchens. Maria continued to submit her writing to William Lloyd garrison for publication. Though publishing conventions of the time, relegated her political writings to the ladies department of the paper. She also delivered two additional public addresses in Boston. Maria used biblical allusions and imagery to sharpen her arguments against slavery and white racism. She called on other black women to become active members of the abolitionist cause and to pursue educational opportunities. But Maria's time in Boston was running short. Her defiant stance against moral conventions of the time, especially her public speaking, had made her a target for threats and ostracization. One account of republic appearances mentions male audience members jeering at her and hurling Rotten Tomatoes. She was widely condemned for having the audacity to make public political speeches. So in September of 1833, Maria gave her final address in Boston, announcing her decision to leave the city. She moved to New York and launched a new career as a public school teacher. She remained politically active, participating in women's organizations. In 1835, William Lloyd garrison published a collection of her speeches essays and poems called productions of misses Maria W Stewart. It helped expose her work to a broader audience and open the doors for more women to begin lecturing publicly for abolition and women's rights. At the outset of the American Civil War, Maria was living in Washington, D.C.. She established a school for the children of black Americans who escaped slavery during the war. By the early 1870s, she was serving as head of housekeeping at the freed men's hospital and asylum in Washington. She continued to teach while she worked and lived at the
Strange and Unexplained with Daisy Eagan
"william lloyd garrison" Discussed on Strange and Unexplained with Daisy Eagan
"Learned about the humble origin story of a trio of sisters whose apparent ability to communicate with the dead helped to usher in a new era of belief and, in fact, a whole new religion in the United States called spiritualism, specifically the American kind. Now, these days, when someone says their spiritual, we assume they mean they probably wear a red cabbala string on their wrist, go to yoga several times a week and are vegan. But during the second half of the 19th century, in English speaking countries in North America and Europe and also Latin American and Caribbean nations in the form of Esper temo, the religion of spiritualism was all about communing with ghosts in a variety of ways. The basis of this religious movement was that spirits were around us always and communicating with them was just a matter of finding a medium with open channels directly to them. In his book, the divine principles of nature by self proclaimed seer and clairvoyant, Andrew Jackson Davis, Davis had claimed to foresee that someone would soon break the barrier between the human and spirit world and usher in an era of communication with people from the great beyond. Enter Maggie and Kate Fox in the spring of 1848 when they were mere teenagers after moving into a cottage and upstate New York near Rochester with their mother and father. The Fox family began hearing strange knocks in the house. Misses fox, whose nerves were probably already afraid from having had 800 children. Well, actually, just 7 children, but honestly, what's the difference? And who had already reunited with her alcoholic husband, was convinced when her two young daughters told her the knocking and rapping sounds were coming from a spirit, and that they could translate what it was telling them. Apparently, on March 31st, young Kate suggested that perhaps someone was just playing in April Fool's day prank on them. But instead of agreeing that that was probably the most logical explanation, misses Fox decided to have a real heart to heart with the knocker and get to the bottom of this whole thing. That spirit in conversation with Maggie and Kate caught the audience of the surrounding community. And the two girls quickly became local legends, with neighbors asking them to communicate with their dead loved ones. The girls gained so much notoriety, in fact, that a local journalist published a pamphlet about their astounding abilities. And when that pamphlet landed in the hands of their older sister Leah, everyone's fate changed. Leah was 15 years older than Maggie and lived in Rochester, where she supported herself and her only daughter by teaching music. Leah had read the divine principles of nature and thought that her sisters were the prophecy Davis had written of. So, she paid a visit to her parents home to see her sisters in action at which point Leah was like, we're taking this act on the road. She moved her sisters and her mother the 40 minutes from hydesville to Rochester, where they would have the opportunity to show their talents to a wider, more cosmopolitan clientele. She didn't bring her dad for some reason, I don't know. She was like, no boys allowed or whatever. They started charging money did a few nights at a huge auditorium during which angry crowds demanded they literally be strip search to figure out what the con was because obviously there was a con. But the people who examined the girls couldn't come up with any specific explanation for any of it. They were like, uh, listen, bro, I don't know what to tell you, but these bitches seem to be on the up and up. Shrug. And Leah was like, take that. And that stranger is where we left off last week. By the summer of 1850, Leah decided her sisters were ready for the big time and packed up their things and hightailed it down to New York City to hobnob with even fancier and wealthier suckers. Or I mean people. The trio quickly set up shop at barnum's hotel in downtown Manhattan. And if that name sounds familiar, you're right. Sort of. The hotel was owned by the cousin of the famous circus man P. T. Barnum. Now, as was the case elsewhere, not everyone was ready to hail the arrival of the Fox sisters. An editorial in the scientific American ran a heavily side eyed piece about spiritualism in general with the title, spiritual knockers from Rochester. What? Markers. Thank you, doctor. Despite the haters, the Fox sisters with Leah as their self appointed translator saw upwards of a hundred people a day charging a dollar about $35 and today money for group seances. I don't know how much they charged for one on one sessions, but according to the Smithsonian magazine, they met with, quote, preeminent members of New York society. Including Horace Greeley, the editor of the New York tribune, and abolitionist William Lloyd garrison who received this message from whatever spirit was communicating with them. Spiritualism will work miracles in the cause of reform. Look, not for nothing and what do I know, but something tells me that if Henry Ford had gone to see the Fox sisters, he would have gotten a message like spiritualism will work miracles and the cause of white supremacy. According to history net dot com, James fenimore Cooper, author of the last of the mohicans, went to see the Fox sisters in the summer of 1850, and the spirit that communicated with him through wraps and knocks remarkably recounted in detail the death of his sister in a horseback riding accident 50 years before. History net dot com says Cooper, quote, instantly became a believer. But other sources, including Cooper's Wikipedia page, say he was a pretty staunch and devout episcopalian. More interesting, though, is that Cooper died a little over a year later at just 61. You'd think the spirit might have warned him about that instead of recounting something that had happened a century before. Anyway. The New York tribune whose editor you'll remember was a customer of the Fox sisters ran a piece praising the women that read. We are in the dark, as any of our readers, the manner and bearing of the ladies are such as to create a prepossession in their favor. They have no theories to offer an explanation of the acts, and apparently have no control of their incomings and outgoings. Apparently, a reporter with the New York Herald, which hadn't been kind to the women upon their arrival to New York City, said he believed the fox women, quote, were in every sense incapable of any intentional deception. To which I say, how do you know that, sir? Clearly, some Big Apple media was beginning to drink their foxy Kool-Aid. The Fox sisters became celebrities in New York City. Actress Mary Taylor sang a song about the mon Broadway called raw Chester rappers at barnum's hotel, which is a pretty uninspired title, and apparently they had merch. If you were lucky enough to be around New York City in the summer of 1850, you too could walk around with your very own folding fan with the words Rochester rappers emblazoned on it. Eat your heart out Wu Tang clan. According to the Paris review, by October of that year, the Fox sisters had become such a huge sensation that a bunch of new age type periodicals popped up all about spiritualism and mediumship. Suddenly, there were hundreds of families from upstate New York to Virginia to Ohio who could communicate with the dead. By 1851, the periodical spiritual world counted more than a hundred mediums in New York City alone. Andrew Jackson Davis, who'd written the divine principles of nature in which he predicted this whole thing, ran around doing a bit of an I told you so, claiming to have written in his diary on the very day the Fox sisters first
History That Doesn't Suck
"william lloyd garrison" Discussed on History That Doesn't Suck
"And policies of the post Civil War reconstruction era facilitated the rise of black businessmen and elites, and now George's Jim Crow laws haven't entirely dislodged them. This is perhaps especially true among the 40,000 black Atlantis who make up nearly a third of the rapidly growing cities population. This concerns some white Atlantis, and it's in this social milieu that George's 1906 gubernatorial candidates hoke Smith and Clark Howell both Democrats and each individually influential with different Atlanta newspapers vie for office by painting the other as insufficiently committed to Jim Crow segregation. That background leads us to September 22nd, 1906. That Saturday, the city's Jim Crow supporting newspapers, published a number of stories about black men allegedly attacking white women. For instance, the Atlanta constitution's front page positively frames an account of, quote, four or 500 white men trying to lynch a black man that's already in police custody and charged with attempting to attack a white woman. Paper cell quickly, as Atlanta's newsboys holler out the sensational headlines. In a violent fury follows that night. Armed with pitchforks, blades and guns, the incensed mob starts in the city's 5 points area around 10 p.m.. Thousands of white men tear through Decatur street, prior street, central avenue, and more, attacking black Atlantis and businesses. On peachtree street, they smash up Alonso heard in barbershop. Thankfully, Alonso isn't there, but the black barbers across the street aren't so lucky. They're slaughtered. And so the terror continues. One ten year old white child, Evelyn Witherspoon, will recall well into her golden years, the noises outside her cane street home that wake her around midnight. Going to the front window. She looks outside and sees. Well, to quote her, I saw a man strung up to the light pole. Men and boys on the street below were shooting him until they riddled his body with bullets. The state militia and heavy rain calling the city around 2 a.m. on September 23rd. But it isn't entirely over until the 24th. Estimates of the dead range from 25 to 40 or even more across these 3 September days in 1906. All the dead are black, save two. One of whom was a white woman so terrified by what she was witnessing, she suffered a heart attack. The news travels across the nation and even to Europe as le puti Jeanne reports on Atlantis. That is monster or massive lynching. In the eyes of the Niagara movement, the violence in Atlanta is only further proof that Booker T. Washington is wrong. Yet the movement struggles. Financial difficulties. Infighting. Differences on politics in 1908, WEB Dubois supports William Jennings Bryan for president. That's a point of sharp disagreement. It's sacrilege for a black American to abandon the party of Lincoln for the Democrats. The party of slavery and former confederates. Yet, the scholar argues that Republicans have come to take black Americans for granted and thinks W J B deserves a chance. But even as the insolvent Niagara movement is collapsing, the more aggressive them book or crowd within it is not. Further, continued lynchings and race riots are bringing them new support. That's especially true in 1908, when the north sees its first race riot in decades in Springfield, Illinois. Yes, the hometown of the great emancipator Abraham Lincoln. 8 black residents are left dead as 2000 flee. In response, why activists, like suffragists inez mill Holland's father, John Elmer mill Holland, and abolitionist William Lloyd garrison's grandson, Oswald garrison villard. Join with black leaders in 1909 to form the national Negro committee. It isn't without drama, though. The anti lynching journalist I mentioned earlier, Ida B wells is shocked when Dubois reads off the list of members and finds she's left off. Idaho later recall in her autobiography. I confess I was surprised. But I put the best face possible on the matter and turned to leave. Some on the committee hoped to bridge the gap between the financially strapped Niagara movement and book rights. But the wizard of tuskegee doesn't trust them. He senses they'll be too radical for him. Thus, when the national Negro committee reorganizes the following year as a permanent body called the national association for the advancement of colored people or NAACP, it does so with far more Niagara movement influence. Indeed, Dubois soon named NAACP director of publications and research. If not already, Booker and Dubois are now truly on divergent paths. The gloves are off by 1912. The Dubois led NAACP newspaper, the crisis. In the book right leaning New York age takes shots at each other. Dubois sees Booker as spineless, submissive. A, quote, political dictator, whose opposition to the NAACP is a quote again, dangerous illogical fallacy. Meanwhile, the wizard of tuskegee continues to view Dubois and the NAACP as crazy. If not downright deceptive. Making demands forcefully protesting. Booker doesn't buy into this. To him, you build wealth, you prove your value to society. That he contends is how you move the needle. Falses and ship will come and do time after proving your medal. Booker does come to see some value in measured cautious protest. And he and the NAACP will have occasional overtures. But they'll never see eye to eye. Not before Booker breathes his last breath. And that day is not distant. After suffering from failing eyesight, headaches, and other miseries. The wizard of tuskegee passes away on November 14th, 1915. He soon laid to rest in the soil over which he spent the better part of his life laboring. It's 12 noon, November 17th, 1915. We're in tuskegee, Alabama, inside the institute's chapel. A chapel whose 1 million 200,000 bricks were laid by countless industrious student hands. And today, this house of God is packed to the rafters with 8000 souls from every walk of life. National leaders, students, alumni, Friends, family, black and white, business Titans, and the simplest of country folk. This economically racially diverse crowd is here to mourn and pay their respects to the man who. Over 30 plus years, turned a single shanty in tuskegee into a sprawling student built 2000 acre campus. Booker T. Washington. Chaplin John W Whitaker, and dean GLMs lead the service. Tears flow between the spoken word and music. Eventually, one of Booker's old teachers from the Hampton institute. Doctor H B frissell offers a prayer. After this, the choir sings in other number. Swing low, sweet chariot. Tears fall like rain on the pews. Exiting the chapel, the crowd proceeds to a small nearby hill. Anna is a vault. Newly built, especially for the wizard. By the skilled and loving hands of tuskegee students. The bugle sounds, and then as tuskegee professor Isaac Fisher describes it. Quote, a heavy hearted crowd turns slowly and sadly away. From the tomb of their prophet. Many across the nation
History That Doesn't Suck
"william lloyd garrison" Discussed on History That Doesn't Suck
"Have been growing for years between Atlanta's black and white communities. The constitutional amendments and policies of the post Civil War reconstruction era facilitated the rise of black businessmen and elites, and now George's Jim Crow laws haven't entirely dislodged them. This is perhaps especially true among the 40,000 black Atlantis who make up nearly a third of the rapidly growing cities population. This concerns some white Atlantis, and it's in this social milieu that George's 1906 gubernatorial candidates hoke Smith and Clark Howell both Democrats and each individually influential with different Atlanta newspapers vie for office by painting the other as insufficiently committed to Jim Crow segregation. That background leads us to September 22nd, 1906. That Saturday, the city's Jim Crow supporting newspapers, published a number of stories about black men allegedly attacking white women. For instance, the Atlanta constitution's front page positively frames an account of, quote, four or 500 white men trying to lynch a black man that's already in police custody and charged with attempting to attack a white woman. Paper cell quickly, as Atlanta's newsboys holler out the sensational headlines. In a violent fury follows that night. Armed with pitchforks, blades and guns, the incensed mob starts in the city's 5 points area around 10 p.m.. Thousands of white men tear through Decatur street, prior street, central avenue, and more, attacking black atlantas and businesses. On peachtree street, they smash up Alonso heard in barbershop. Thankfully, Alonso isn't there, but the black barbers across the street aren't so lucky. They're slaughtered. And so the terror continues. One ten year old white child, Evelyn Witherspoon, will recall well into her golden years, the noises outside her cane street home that wake her around midnight. Going to the front window. She looks outside and sees. Well, it's quote her. I saw a man strung up to the light pole. Men and boys on the street below were shooting him until they riddled his body with bullets. The state militia and heavy rain calling the city around 2 a.m. on September 23rd. But it isn't entirely over until the 24th. Estimates of the dead range from 25 to 40 or even more across these 3 September days in 1906. All the dead are black, save two. One of whom was a white woman so terrified by what she was witnessing, she suffered a heart attack. The news travels across the nation and even to Europe as it look put reports on Atlantis. That is monster or massive lynching. In the eyes of the Niagara movement, the violence in Atlanta is only further proof that Booker T. Washington is wrong. Yet the movement struggles. Financial difficulties. Infighting. Differences on politics in 1908, WEB Dubois supports William Jennings Bryan for president. That's a point of sharp disagreement. It's sacrilege for a black American to abandon the party of Lincoln for the Democrats. The party of slavery and former confederates. Yet, the scholar argues that Republicans have come to take black Americans for granted and thinks W J B deserves a chance. But even as the insolvent Niagara movement is collapsing, the more aggressive than book or crowd within it is not. Further, continued lynchings and race riots are bringing them new support. That's especially true in 1908, when the north sees its first race riot in decades in Springfield, Illinois. Yes, the hometown of the great emancipator Abraham Lincoln. 8 black residents are left dead as 2000 flee. In response, why activists, like suffragists Ines mill Holland's father, John Elmer mill Holland, and abolitionist William Lloyd garrison's grandson, Oswald garrison villard. Join with black leaders in 1909 to form the national Negro committee. It isn't without drama, though. The anti lynching journalist I mentioned earlier, Ida B wells is shocked when Dubois reads off the list of members and finds she's left off. Idaho later recall in her autobiography. I confess I was surprised. But I put the best face possible on the matter and turned to leave. Some on the committee hoped to bridge the gap between the financially strapped Niagara movement and book rights. But the wizard of tuskegee doesn't trust them. He senses they'll be too radical for him. Thus, when the national Negro committee reorganizes the following year as a permanent body called the national association for the advancement of colored people or NAACP, it does so with far more Niagara movement influence. Indeed, Dubois soon named NAACP director of publications and research. If not already, Booker and Dubois are now truly on divergent paths. The gloves are off by 1912. The Dubois led NAACP newspaper, the crisis. In the book right leaning New York age takes shots at each other. Dubois sees Booker as spineless, submissive, a, quote, political dictator whose opposition to the NAACP is a quote again, dangerous illogical fallacy. Meanwhile, the wizard of tuskegee continues to view Dubois and the NAACP as crazy. If not downright deceptive. Making demands forcefully protesting. Booker doesn't buy into this. To him, you build wealth, you prove your value to society. That he contends is how you move the needle. Falses and ship will come and do time after proving your medal. Booker does come to see some value in measured cautious protest. And he and the NAACP will have occasional overtures. But they'll never see eye to eye. Not before Booker breathes his last breath. And that day is not distant. After suffering from failing eyesight, headaches, and other miseries. The wizard of tuskegee passes away on November 14th, 1915. He soon laid to rest in the soil over which he spent the better part of his life laboring. It's 12 noon, November 17th, 1915. We're in tuskegee, Alabama, inside the institute's chapel. The chapel whose 1 million 200,000 bricks were laid by countless industrious student hands. And today, this house of God is packed to the rafters with 8000 souls from every walk of life. National leaders, students, alumni, Friends, family, black and white, business Titans and the simplest of country folk. This economically racially diverse crowd is here to mourn and pay their respects to the man who. Over 30 plus years, turned a single shanty in tuskegee into a sprawling student built 2000 acre campus. Booker T. Washington. Chaplin John W Whitaker, and dean GLMs lead the service. Tears flow between the spoken word and music. Eventually, one of Booker's old teachers from the Hampton institute. Doctor H B frisell offers a prayer. After this, the choir sings in other number. Swing low, sweet chariot. Tears fall like rain on the pews. Exiting the chapel, the crowd proceeds to a small nearby hill. Anna is a vault. Newly built, especially for the wizard. By the skilled and loving hands of tuskegee students. The bugle sounds, and then as tuskegee professor Isaac Fisher describes it. Quote, a heavy hearted crowd turns slowly and sadly away. From the tomb of their prophet. Many across the nation mourn as
Encyclopedia Womannica
Influential Educators: Abolitionist Prudence Crandall
"Was born on september third. Eighteen three in rhode island booth of her parents. Pardon and esther were farmers. Imprudence was young. Her family relocated to canterbury connecticut. There prudence studied arithmetic. Latin and science topics not normally taught to girls at the time. But prudence is family was quaker. Quakers believe in equal opportunity for education in eighteen. Thirty one. prudence opened her own private school for girls. The canterbury female boarding school. The school served the wealthiest canterbury families and was a source of great pride in the community. It was ranked as one of the best schools in connecticut with the curriculum that rivaled even the most elite all boys schools but prudence is school was not entirely equal. All of her students were white to encourage prudence to take a more aggressive stance. Prudence is black housekeeper. Marsha davis began strategically leaving copies of the abolitionist newspaper. The liberator in places where she knew prudence would find them. The liberator promoted the need for immediate abolition as opposed to a gradual abolition. That was more commonly supported by the new england. Delete sarah harris who came from a prominent black family in the area was the first to actively approach prudence about integrating school. Sara was eager to continue her own education so that she could become a teacher for other black children and in eighteen thirty. Two prudence enrolled sarah in the canterbury boarding school. The decision was met with outrage white. Parents demanded that prudence expel sarah when she refused. They withdrew their daughters from the school realizing that she'd need to find new sources of tuition. Prudence went to speak with william lloyd garrison. The outspoken white abolitionist publisher of the liberator prudence and william discussed the possibility of converting the canterbury school into a school entirely for black girls. William connected prudence with money of the most prominent black families in new england and in eighteen thirty three the school reopened with a new mission to educate quote young ladies and little misses of color. The class consisted of twenty four students and the curriculum remained identical to that of the original. Can't school
Made of Mettle
"william lloyd garrison" Discussed on Made of Mettle
"It did not take long. For susan to fully immerse her. Life's work in campaigning. For reform. Susan attended her. First official abolitionist convention in eighteen. Fifty one in seneca falls new york while there she was exposed to several big-name revolutionaries such as elizabeth katie. Stanton amelia bloomer. In william lloyd garrison these are all heavy hitters. in the anti slavery abolitionists and equal rates form. Susan and elizabeth who was a fellow radical supporter of women's suffrage would become close allies in partners in the movement. They also were the best of friends would hang out all the time and would continue on through life together fighting for their shared beliefs and creating waves wherever they went a best friend team for the ages. I'll tell you that at the time. The temperance movement was a significant part of women. Suffrage essentially the temperance movement advocated that current family and divorce. Laws ruled overwhelmingly in unfairly in favor of men. Susan was a member of the daughters of temperance and was delegated to attend the state temperance convention on their behalf. Unfortunately when susan tried to speak at the convention she was scolded by the chairman. Who essentially told her to listen and learn. I mean the absolute irony. I don't know how these women had the patience and self control that is amazing in and of itself this is a great example of susan's treatment throughout her life. Experiences often silenced ignored about matters that would directly affect her. Like the true g. that. Susan is at this admonishment by the chairman. Susan just got up and left along with several other women who had witnessed the exchange. These women along with susan who's left had a meeting of their own which resulted in the creation of the women's new york state temperance society. Susan would also attend one of many national women's rights conventions in her lifetime in eighteen fifty. Two susan advocate for women's suffrage temperance and anti-slavery with equal vigor. In eighteen fifty four susan began traveling and lecturing for women's suffrage making her rounds in receiving petition signatures in support of legislator that would improve the quality of life for women everywhere. Susan's campaign for women's rights was long and arduous. When susan presented her petitions to the new york. State senate judiciary committee. Her work was mocked in minimized although men and women had shown support for her cause in the petitions in an absolute amazing feat around eighteen. Sixty the married. Women's property act was passed that greatly increased the rights for married women in terms of property in guardianship. This was a monumental move for. Susan and the women's suffrage movement as i've said before susan was just as involved in anti-slavery work as she was with the women's suffrage movement after traveling and exposing herself to even more of the anti-slavery movement susan as quoted by a friend as saying the experience of the last winter is worth more to me than all my temperance and women's right work although the latter with a school necessary to bring me into the anti-slavery work susan would become an agent for the american anti-slavery society and would organize many anti-slavery meetings. This was the same society. That also had frederick douglass as an agent. And i had to mention these points. Because i mean susan was in absolute legend just a legend susan's banners at the anti slavery. Meetings with statements like no union with slaveholders and immediate and unconditional emancipation and my personal favorite a-. Banner that read no compromise with slaveholders. This lady was a gem for sure. Sounds like a joy to be around and just another incredible tidbit. You guys know..
KIRO Radio 97.3 FM
"william lloyd garrison" Discussed on KIRO Radio 97.3 FM
"Is now open Emerald Queen Casino, the entertainment capital of the northwest. Wall Street closed today. It was up. On Friday. Dow Jones industrials were by 152 points. The NASDAQ was up 116.81%. Like Michael reopens tomorrow. 7 15 a little history lesson. Now I subscribed to a conservative newsletter called the Dispatch. And in a recent issue, they were highlighting a book called Fears of a Setting Sun, written by Dennis Rasmussen, now is about the founding fathers and We have lionized the founding fathers as these geniuses are set at the perfect political system. And yet, Dennis writes in his book that they were, in some cases disillusioned with what they had created, including George Washington himself. So I thought we'd call him up and talking about. He teaches political science at Syracuse University. And so what is the what is the theme of your book? And why were the founders? Uh, I guess less than satisfied with what they had made. Right, So the theme is the dissolution of one of the founders later in their lives. The key figures in the book are George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. There's a whole host of other founders who ended up dissolution as well. Usually the ones who lived a little bit later into the 19th century. There was no one cause of their disillusionment I have in the book, I have it. Particular theme that I associate with each of the figures. So for Washington, the real cause of his dissolution. It was the rise of parties and partisanship. For Alexander Hamilton, there was that he always felt that the government wasn't sufficiently strong or energetic for Adams. He worried that the American people lack the civic virtue that was needed to sustain Republican government. And Jefferson had a number of causes for for just there. But the key one, I think was the sectional divisions between North and south over the expansion of slavery that he thought rightly, I guess, as it turned out, would tear the country apart. It's the sexual divisions in the civic virtue part that interests me because we seem to be in that place today. I mean, is what they feared coming true. As we watch here. I think all of their fears are still with us. Right Partisan polarization is on the news on a daily basis. The lack of civic virtue or civic engagement is a perennial complaint in American politics. And when we think of the registered blue state divide Jefferson's were you still seem highly relevant? Hamilton is a little bit trickier, because I think most people would not say that the federal government today is, you know terribly we compared to the state governments, but it is pretty feckless. In certain ways. It's very hard to produce major legislation. So even his worries are still bears. Well, I think okay, so for people who today style themselves as I'll call them originalists they want to. They want to get back to the the good old days. The of the founding. Um are they giving us a a true picture of what the founders would have wanted? Well, in some cases? Yes, In some cases, no. But when we talk about what the founders did, or what the founders wanted, we usually look at them at this very brief snapshot of time. You know, what did they want when they frame the Constitution? You know they kept living. They live for many more decades, and they learned they lived under that constitution. They saw how it operated, and it's striking, I think is very telling that so many of them Ended up disillusioned with what they'd right when we look back and think, Oh, they had all their answers all the answers there will their intent must be obeyed. In all things. You know, it's worth keeping in mind what the rest of their lives looked like. So what would they have changed? Is there anything you can point to things that we are clinging to today? Which if the founders were here they choose ever found you want Would would have quickly abandoned. I think most of the big figures who we think of as that kind of the main founders today, the Washington's Madison's Hamilton's of the world would have liked much more powerful. National government, much more powerful presidency and I think, especially a Senate that was did not Representatives. Equally, they all wanted proportional representation in the Senate. It was really just the voting power of the small states have prevented it. We could look at the Electoral college. There are lots of things that I think they might be surprised are still with us. Let's talk about the Senate. Then the founders didn't like it. And and yet we we cling to it as something that's uh what key to supposedly a key to compromise but in fact has worked more often like a roadblock. That's right. And some of the features the Senate that make it. Such a roadblock weren't in the Constitution at all. Notably the filibuster, which has gotten so much attention in recent months. But yes, most of the big name founders left the convention. Deeply bitterly disappointed that the Senate included equal state representation rather than proportional representation. The Senate looks almost nothing like Madison wanted it to going in. And what about the Electoral college? The Electoral College was makeshift creation that it was really motivated by two framers who we know less about, but we're very important in the convention. Governor Morris and James Wilson, both of whom wanted direct popular election of the president. They were the two leading advocates of that, but essentially they couldn't give the other delegates to go along. So the Electoral College was devised as a second best option for for both of them, And frankly, we forget this. One of the main reasons they couldn't get the other delegates to go along was Slavery. The Southern delegates wanted some boost in their power and choosing the president on account of the people who made enslaved and a direct popular election wouldn't have done that, because, of course, the enslaved people wouldn't have been able to vote so electoral college grants each state a number of electoral votes equal to its members of the House and Senate. And of course, the members of the number of members of the house in the southern states were augmented by the three fiscal laws so that carried into the electoral college too. So it's really one of the reasons we have this electoral college that we spend so much time fighting over is that it was a legacy of slavery. Yeah, and so when we talk about institutional racism, there's there's an example staring us in the face. There are many from from the constitutional Convention and throughout the founding, But yes, there's wonderful. Well, what is the What are the others? I don't want to miss any here. Well, I mean, look, the there's been arguments throughout American history about whether to what extent was the Constitution, Pro slavery document, And to what extent was an anti slavery document and you know, abolitionists themselves fought over it. William Lloyd Garrison said that it was a pro slavery document. It was a covenant with death an agreement with hell At first, Frederick Douglass agreed with him. He came to both end up believing that it was an anti slavery document. So clearly it was one that could be read multiple ways. But it's hard to deny that there were huge protections for slavery. The slave trade. The fugitive slave clause are all kinds of protections for that in the Constitution, but really the 3/5 clause that augmented the political power of the South. In both the House of Representatives and in the Electoral college up until the civil War really gave the South the dominant voice in the national councils in a way that ended up being, you know, terrible. Yeah. Well, it's quite interesting, and like I said it was. It was also very surprising to read it and the conservative newsletter because generally, conservatives just do not want to hear criticism of the founding fathers. I certainly don't want to hear that they were disillusioned with the Constitution, which is Considered this sacred thing. One thing I didn't ask you about was the was the second Amendment. They didn't have a problem with people open, carrying at the political rallies and stuff like that. That was just done As a matter Of course, yes, but again, they're They're flintlock muskets that taking a minute and a half alone, right? I mean, it's a very different thing than carrying, uh, you know, semi automatic handgun in your back pocket. So Washington was not expecting people the ordinary citizens to have something automatic. Gonza surprisingly, no. Dennis Rasmussen teaches at Syracuse University. Dennis has been great to talk with you. Thank you. Thanks for having 7 23, and it's time for Cairo radio, real time traffic. It's brought to you by the Washington State Department of Health and for Chris Here's Harmon Shea. Waiting for our UN congested freeways to congest this morning, and it just isn't happening. Very few people are commuting. We don't have the.
WHAS 840 AM
"william lloyd garrison" Discussed on WHAS 840 AM
"He also advised both the church itself and other members of the church and business affairs and he would help them when they needed assistance with legal matters as well. But even more than that, he emerged as a leader in the abolition movement and a champion of civil rights for black citizens. He had been connected from a very early age to people in Philadelphia, who were abolitionist. Anthony Benezet, who was a well known abolitionist and educator had known James Father and it helped James Mother, Margaret arranged for James to attend the friends African school as a boy. Benazir was one of the founders of the Society for the Relief of Free Negros unlawfully held in bondage, which evolved into the Pennsylvania abolition Society. Pennsylvania had passed the gradual abolition act in March of 17 80 when James was still 13. And though this is widely touted as a big step in abolition history, and it was the first of many such steps that were pushed for by abolitionists. It also meant that James, at a very impressionable age, saw firsthand how legislators were trying to appease and slavers with this law by grandfathering in their right to continue to keep people as property so long as they registered them each year. And even as freedom was afforded to more and more black residents it didn't really provide for a transition out of poverty. Once they were free, and James saw that, as the number of free black inhabitants of the city grew, So did the hostility from Philadelphia's white population. 14 worked in the abolitionist cause from an early age. He was one of the abolitionists. Ooh, petitioned Congress to change the 17 93 fugitive slave law in the early 18 hundreds. Once he had a family, James was more passionate than ever about abolition and equality. He wrote The pamphlet letters from a man of color in 18 13 and his desire for his Children to have all the same rights as any other citizen is clear in the text. He wrote to implore legislators quote. Are you a parent? Have you Children around whom your affections are bound by those delightful bonds that none, but a parent can know. Are they the delight of your prosperity and the solace of your afflictions? If all this be true to you, we submit our cause The parents feelings cannot air in that same pamphlet, 14 wrote about the obvious inequality between the white and black residents of Philadelphia, particularly on holidays. He spoke specifically about the Fourth of July in the contradictory nature of celebrating liberty. When you compared the experiences of Philadelphia's black and white residents, he wrote quote. It is a well known fact that black people on certain days of public Jubilee dare not be seen after 12 o'clock in the day upon the field to enjoy the times. For no sooner do the fumes of that potent devil liquor mount into the brain. Then the poor black is a sailed. Is it not wonderful that the day set apart for the festival of Liberty should be abused by the advocates of freedom in endeavouring to sully what they profess to adore. So if the name James 14 has been sounding familiar to you on this podcast, it might be because we did mention him in our episode on Paul Cuffy. The two men had a number of things in common. They both became wealthy through maritime interests. Cuffy had started to turn a profit in a shipping business and like fortune invested in real estate. You may recall that Cuffy was a supporter of relocation of Africans and people of African descent in the United States to Sierra Leone, and we reference this idea earlier in this episode, although it going on in great Britain, But of course, that also was an idea that spread across the Atlantic. And in the Paul Coffey episode, we talked about the failed efforts that preceded Cuffy's involvement in the movement, which started in 18 10. 14 initially supported Cuffy's work in this area, but he like so many others eventually backed away from this idea and renounced it. She had that change of heart, largely after arranging a number of meetings where people discuss the realities of this plan, and he came to realize that for most people that he talked to you, this is just not something they wanted to do. Many of them, of course, had no immediate ties to Africa and had never even been there. They considered themselves Americans, and they didn't want to abandon that. Being a sailmaker and an abolitionist also came with some tricky choices to navigate. Fabric made in the United States became a bigger issue as the country gained the ability to manufacture textiles specifically duck, which is the heavy duty canvas that's used in sail, making. This was part of an effort to get away from the reliance on European goods. But it also meant that the cotton industry, which was intertwined so deeply with slavery was also flourishing. We do not know James fortunes thoughts on this if he ever recorded any they are lost, but we do know that he did continue to use cotton, duck and cotton duck that was manufactured in the United States. But we also know that his daughter, Harriet, for example, who was married to Robert Purvis was an active participant in the Colored Free Produce Association, which issued the use of anything that had been produced by enslaved people. So there was almost certainly an awareness of how success in his field was tied, at least in some way to enslavement. Although he also leveraged his own success to combat the institution of slavery. And it's also said that he refused to make or repair sales for any ship that he believed to have been involved in slave trade. So the ethics of his business do appear to have mostly been aligned with his anti slavery views. 14 routinely used his wealth to promote the idea of freedom of enslaved people. And the rights of free black people, and his money was likely used to purchase the freedom of several people. James also had a network of people who he could turn to you in order to stay informed. And occasionally cell leverages influence. 14 zone influence actually had a very lengthy reach. There is a specific story about a relative of his so through a series of bad events. One of his nephews. Sons had ended up enslaved in New Orleans when the man that the 10 year old was apprentice to sold him. And that boy, Amos did not immediately mentioned that he had a wealthy uncle in Philadelphia. He was kind of too terrified to say much of anything, by the way, the account reads. But once he did actually say this, the story goes that Robert Layton, who was the man that had enslaved him through purchase, recognized the name James Fortune and looked into the matter. And ultimately, this led to Amos Dunbar being returned to his family. In 18 30 14 was part of the first National Negro convention. He spoke out against the American colonization Society. At that event, and the years that followed, he once again urged government reform and asking Pennsylvania's state legislature to forego restricting free black people to immigrate into the state. The 14. Children also got very much involved in the cars and as they aged into adulthood, they wrote, and they spoke, and they helped form abolitionist groups. His daughters in particular were really really good writers James and Charlotte fourteen's home became a hub of abolitionist activity, both for work and for planning, as well as just for socializing. 40. It was one of the driving forces that got the Liberator, which was the abolitionist paper run by William Lloyd Garrison off the ground..
This Day in History Class
"william lloyd garrison" Discussed on This Day in History Class
"The day was june first eighteen. Forty three isabella bam. Free changed her name. Sojourner truth. truth wasn't abolitionist and activists who dedicated her life to championing human rights. Isabella bomb free was born around seventeen. Ninety seven and ulster county new york. Her father james was nicknamed palm free and her mother named elizabeth was known as a mouth that she was the second youngest of thirteen children born to her parents but her siblings were sold or given away before she was born in her younger years is a bella lived on an estate. That dutch colonists owned in the first language he spoke with low dutch but when her owner died she was put up for auction and separated from her parents. Her next owner was english speaking but she was mistreated for her inability to understand english after that a dutch tavern keeper purchased her in eighteen. Ten john. domi- purchased her for three hundred dollars. Dumont enslaved her for two decades. She performed hard labor including tasks like planting plowing cultivating and harvesting crops milking animals sewing cooking and cleaning the house months wife elizabeth despised her and john raped her that rape resulted in her child named diana when she was enslaved. At the dumont's she fell in love with an enslaved man named robert from a nearby farm but robert's owner beat him to death for meeting isabella years later. She met another enslaved man named thomas and had three children with him named peter. Elizabeth and sophia us at the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century loss in new york provided for the patient of enslaved black people though there were stipulations and many continue to be enslaved. Dumont agreed to emancipate isabela before she was set to be free by law but he reneged on his promise and she fled with her daughter. Sophia c. found refuge with the van walking in in new paltz new york who paid her twenty dollars for her work until the date of her emancipation. July fourth eighteen twenty seven but dumont legally sold isabella son. Peter south to alabama. She was dedicated to finding peter and after taking her son's case to illegal hearing at court. Peter was returned from alabama and freed while she was staying with the van watkins. She became a devout christian in eighteen. Twenty nine she and peter moved to new york city. She became a housekeeper and when she was accused of being an accomplice to murder in poisoning a couple she was acquitted of charges in turned around and filed a slander suit against a couple that claims she tried to poison them. She won the food but isabela would meet more. Misfortune her son. Peter had taken a job on a whaling ship in eighteen thirty nine. The ship he was supposed to be on returned to new york in eighteen. Forty two he was not on it and she never heard from him again. The next year. Isabella decided to change her life. Traffic lady as a methodist. She said she was called to speak. God's truth across the countryside. On june first eighteen forty three. She took the name sojourner truth in her autobiography. She said the following my name with isabella. But when i left the house of bondage. I left everything behind. I wasn't going to keep nothing of egypt on me. And so i went to the lord and asked him to give me a new names. And the lord gave me sojourner. Because i was to travel up and down the land showing the people there thins and being a sign unto them afterwards i told the lord i wanted another name because everybody else had two names and the lord gave me truth because i was to declare the truth to the people after she moved the massachusetts. Enjoy the northampton association of education and industry utopian community that was a stop on the underground railroad. She met abolitionists. Like frederick douglass and william lloyd garrison as tension over slavery rose in the country. Truth began a public lecture tour and traveled to states talking about her experiences as an inflamed woman. She bought a house in northampton which she paid off in a few years by selling photos of herself throughout the rest of her life. She continued to travel advocate for the rights of women and black people. She spoke out for abolition women's suffrage desegregation and landed grants per formerly enslaved people and she recruited black men for the union army during the civil war in her later years. She became skeptical of interracial cooperation and supported racial separation and of black western homeland. She died in eighteen. Eighty three in battle creek michigan. I'm used f coat and hopefully you know a little more about history today than you d yesterday. If there's something that. I missed an episode. You can share it with everybody else on twitter instagram facebook at t d. I ate the podcast. And if you want to learn more about people who rebelled and resisted status quo in history. You can listen to the new podcast unpopular. It's a show that is hosted about people in history who really challenged the.
NEWS 88.7
"william lloyd garrison" Discussed on NEWS 88.7
"Ideas were completely ridiculous. At the time. This is the early you know. Late 18 thirties early 18 forties Francis and Martha words some of the earliest feminist In the country. What was the relationship between? The early feminist movement Women's rights movement. And the abolitionist movement. It was. It was not always in sync and there were tensions. There were tensions from the beginning, including when women asked if they could join William Lloyd Garrison's group, the American anti slavery Society, and they were roundly told they could not. So they started their own female anti slavery societies. However, these women learned a lot from their male abolitionist colleagues. They learned how to organize. They learned how to hold conventions and invite speakers. They learned how to petition Congress and and they would invite people like Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison to speak at their conventions, which those who believed in women's rights were very happy to do. However, there were always racial tensions was kind of simmering under the surface, so say when Lucy Stone, who was one of Martha Coven rights friends She was a paid speaker for Garrisons group. She decided to go south to speak to slave holders because, in her view, this is good thing to do open their minds and Frederick Douglass was really angry. He said. He did not think this was the moral thing to do. So anyway, All of this was kind of simmering. Usually they're able to keep a lid on it, but it eventually broke right out into the open and an incredibly ugly way. But that was much later after the war in the 18 sixties and the debate around the 15th amendment. Now, let's bring The person that I think everybody will have heard of when they encountered this this book, and that's Harriet Tubman. How does Harriet Tubman fit into this picture? So then this was one of the things that I That made me really want to write the book because, you know, we're told stories, and we learned a little bit about Harriet Tubman and grade school usually Oh, she was the great conductor on the underground railroad. All true, she total American hero, but we didn't learn that much more about her. And when I learned that she had spent almost the last 50 years of her life and Auburn, New York, I thought, you know, how did she end up in Auburn? And of course, she ended up in Auburn. Through her two contacts on the underground railroad, which was these other two women and she would stop. They became regular stops on her railroad underground railroad journeys and she became very close to them both. Here's what I don't understand. And maybe you're going to blame me for being too New York City's centric. But why, in God's name was all burn New York of all places, a kind of Greenwich Village of its time, this kind of crossroads of politics and and culture and the way the Greenwich Village was and how could that happen? You are betraying your parochialism, actually. And I wish the auburn was not remotely like Greenwich Village. If only it were Yes, there were the incredibly lively Or at least it is in the agitators. Yes, because it was on the lyceum circuit. But actually, Auburn was peopled by, as were many of these talents in western New York state by conservatives. Thieves were bankers and industrialists. And, you know, people pushing the railroads and Francis was very sad Broza about her activities. Martha was incredibly out spoken and Seneca Falls. She met Frederick Douglass, and she immediately befriended him, and he did speak on the Lyceum circuit across New York state. And he often stopped in Auburn. She would invite him to her house to dinner and sometimes to spend the night because he was usually hotels were not welcoming to black men. For this. She was completely reviled by her neighbors who already thought she was just outrageously, you know of subversive and choose that one a dinner once in auburn, and she hears this woman whispering to to another woman. That is Mrs David right. She is a very dangerous woman, and that's because she was socializing. With people like Frederick Douglass. Well, how did Auburn New York take to a woman like Harriet Tubman is arrival? Well, so, but Harriet's happen you have to remember in the 18 fifties. All of this was completely unknown if her neighbors had known That she was sheltering fugitive slaves and that Francis was doing the same. You know, they would've reported them to the to the authorities. This was completely against the law. The Fugitive Slave act required northern states to return fugitive slaves to the south, and that was one of the big precipitating factors of this growing activism. It actually got even many of these conservatives in New York state really riled up about slavery. These were people who had never thought of it before your book starts with a quotation from Harriet Tubman, and it says, God's ahead of Master Lincoln. God won't let Master Lincoln beat the South till he does the right thing. And it's a feeling in the book that the Civil War was in a way to wars. The military battle. The Confederacy and the moral battle against slavery and it winning the military battle required winning the Moral battle. It's same time is that how these women saw the entire conflict? Harriet Tubman and the other two All saw the Civil war. They called it a Holy war. Ah, holy war! As of old each one of them believed deeply that God Meant for slavery to be abolished the difference between them and Francis stewards anti slavery husband and Abraham Lincoln at the beginning of the war. Those two were politicians. These these people were outsiders, and they were revolutionaries, and it's worth remembering that they were only two generations separated from the declaration of independence, which they believed in literally. And they did not understand why women and black Americans could not have exactly the same rights that would have been promised. And in the declaration of Independence. So Dorothy. It's got to be said that these women made very different contributions to the causes of freedom. Francis and Martha raised awareness and money and in a sense lobby, powerful men for change and That was very important, no doubt. But meanwhile Harriet Tubman was putting her life on the line, helping people escape slavery, and she even took part in some military operations. How did you come to think about the different ways that these women worked?.
NEWS 88.7
"william lloyd garrison" Discussed on NEWS 88.7
"To perpetuate slavery, the enforcement of the law to recapture a poor suffering fugitive giving half of the territories of a free country to the curse of slavery. These compromises cannot be approved by God or supported by good man. One of the women who committed abolitionist was Francis Seward, she'd settled with her husband in the small town of Auburn, New York. Among their neighbors was a Quaker, a mother of six named Martha Coffin right, Although she dressed plainly and kept her house impeccable. She didn't take her family to church on Sunday or spank her Children who were regarded as rude and wild. Provoked by disapproval, Martha placed a copy of Mary Wollstonecraft a vindication of the rights of woman on her parlor table, where she said it was sure to shock guests. Francis Seward and Martha Coffin, right, bonded over politics. Martha helped organize the first convention for Women's rights at Seneca Falls, and both open their homes to fugitive slaves when that was absolutely against federal law. They were friends with Elizabeth Cady Stanton. William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass. It was another neighbor of there's an Auburn who got closest to Martha and Francis. We have been expending our sympathies as well as congratulations on seven newly arrived slaves that Harriet Tubman has just pioneered safely from the southern part of Maryland. One woman carried a baby all the way and brought to other Children that Harriet and the men helped along. They walked all night, carrying the little ones and spread the old comfort on the frozen ground in some dense thicket, where they all hit while Harriet went out foraging. The interlocking stories of Harriet Tubman, Francis Seward and Martha Coffin right are told in the book, The Agitators and Its author is my friend and colleague Dorothy Weekend, then Francis Seward grew up in the North. She was educated. She was married to William Henry Seward, who was Abraham Lincoln's future secretary of state. And she and Seward agreed about slavery. But she'd never been south until she took a summer trip through Virginia with him and one of their sons Tell me about that trip and why it was so important and essential to your book. It was a she had a real epiphany. On that trip. Seward himself had been south. And so he had seen slavery firsthand. She had not. She was if she was typical woman. She spent all of her time at home inside. So for her health because her health was poor. They decided to take a long, leisurely summer trip into the south. As they entered Virginia. They noticed that it was You know, basically 100 years behind the industrial North, which is what they were familiar with. And one day they pulled up in the afternoon outside of basically a country inn, and they heard the sounds of moaning and crying and they turned around and they saw 10 naked little boys. Tied together by a long rope and being driven forward by a white man with a whip and he was he led them to a horse trough to drink, and then he shoved them inside a shed where they saw themselves to sleep. So Francis was Devastated, but she couldn't get this scene out of her mind, she wrote in her journal. Slavery, Slavery, the evil effects constantly before May. But I guess Dorothy, what's so stunning to me in this book? Is that we have modern audience. We take it for absolute granted unless we're freakishly marginal or evil. That slavery is horrific, horrific evil inflicted on other people, and it's impossible almost to put yourself in the mindset of a person who'd had to experience it. Firsthand, and it came as a revelation to her. How do you explain that? Well, for Francis had Oh, I mean, she was 19 when she married Seward, but one of the things that had drawn them together where they're deeply moral beliefs, One of which was you know the rights of women, the other of which was, you know, Sooner or later, slavery must be overturned that one of the remarkable things, though, that I noticed when I was writing the book, and even since it's come out, is that people still Don't find slavery. Such a terrible thing. Look, Look what we saw at the Capitol on January 6th. There are still people who are wedded to the lost cause theory of American history there, you know it. We saw people marching through with Confederate flags. This is very deeply part of what America is, and this is what they were fighting against, and they would be. Horrified but not surprised that even today this is an issue. How did you settle on this as a subject and also the challenge of doing a three cornered biography as it were, which is, which is a technical challenge to you. And if I had been fired anticipated quite how difficult that was, I probably wouldn't have taken it on in the first place. So the whole the book came about serendipitously. I was actually working on my previous book, which was, as you know about my grandmother who grew up in Auburn, New York. And she had told me that her grandparent's lived next door to William H. Seward, and I thought, Well, maybe she got to make that one up by, I don't know. So I had never been to Auburn before I went there. I went to the Seward House Museum, and I asked the director did Did the wood riffs like live next door? And he pointed out William H. Seward study window and he said, Yeah, the house was right there. And then there was this young education director who sort of took me under her wing and she wanted to give me a private tour and she takes me down these dark, narrow steps into the original basement kitchen, and she's talking not about the famous amazing William H. Seward. What about his quiet recess of rather sickly wife, Frances Stewart, and she was pretty mad because she had been reading some letters by Francis Seward to her husband, and she thought that all of the sword biographers had really undersold his wife. So she takes me into this basement kitchen. So this is where Francis Seward harbored a fugitive slaves on the underground railroad. I thought, well, that's kind of amazing, and she said, And furthermore, Around the corner. Her best friend lived, who was another out lawyer in very conservative Auburn. Her name was Martha Coffin, right? And she, like Francis Seward believed that women should have equal rights and that slavery needed to be abolished. And both..
WNYC 93.9 FM
"william lloyd garrison" Discussed on WNYC 93.9 FM
"Or 10 P.M. on w N. Y C. Welcome back to The New Yorker Radio hour. I'm David Remnick. We move on today to a story about three women three revolutionaries who changed the world at a time when women weren't supposed to be in public life at all. The alteration of the Constitution to perpetuate slavery, the enforcement of the law to recapture a poor suffering fugitive giving half of the territories of a free country to the curse of slavery. These compromises cannot be approved by God or supported by good man. One of the women. A committed abolitionist was Francis Seward. She'd settled with her husband in the small town of Auburn, New York. Among their neighbors was a Quaker, A mother of six named Martha Coffin, right? Although she dressed plainly and kept her house impeccable. She didn't take her family to church on Sunday or spank her Children who were regarded as rude and wild. Provoked by disapproval, Martha placed a copy of Mary Wollstonecraft a vindication of the rights of woman on her parlor table, where she said it was sure to shock guests. Francis Seward and Martha Coffin, right, bonded over politics. Martha helped organize the first convention for Women's rights at Seneca Falls, and both open their homes to fugitive slaves when that was absolutely against federal law. They were friends with Elizabeth Cady Stanton. William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass. It was another neighbor of there's an Auburn who got closest to Martha and Francis. We have been expending our sympathies as well as congratulations on seven newly arrived slaves that Harriet Tubman has just pioneered safely from the southern part of Maryland. One woman carried a baby all the way and brought to other Children that Harriet and the men helped along. They walked all night, carrying the little ones and spread the old comfort on the frozen ground in some dense thicket, where they all hit while Harriet went out foraging. The interlocking stories of Harriet Tubman, Francis Seward and Martha Coffin right are told in the book, The Agitators and Its author is my friend and colleague Dorothy Weekend, then Francis Seward grew up in the North. She was educated. She was married to William Henry Seward, who was Abraham Lincoln's future secretary of state. And she and Seward agreed about slavery. But she'd never been south until she took a summer trip through Virginia with him and one of their sons Tell me about that trip and why it was so important and essential to your book. It was a she had a real epiphany. On that trip. Seward himself had been south and so he had seen slavery firsthand. She had not. She was she was typical woman. She spent all of her time at home inside. So for her health because her health was poor, they decided to take a long, leisurely summer trip into the South. As they entered Virginia. They noticed that it was You know, basically 100 years behind the industrial North, which is what they were familiar with. And one day they pulled up in the afternoon outside of basically a country inn, and they heard the sounds of moaning and crying and they turned around and they saw 10 naked little boys. Tied together by a long rope and being driven forward by a white man with a whip and he was he led them to a horse trough to drink, and then he shoved them inside a shed where they saw themselves to sleep. So Francis was Devastated, but she couldn't get this scene out of her mind, she wrote in her journal. Slavery, Slavery, the evil effects constantly before May. But I just don't see what's so stunning to me in this book. Is that we have modern audience. We take it for absolute granted unless we're freakishly marginal or evil. That slavery is horrific, horrific evil inflicted on other people, and it's impossible almost to put yourself in the mindset of a person who'd had to experience it. Firsthand that it came as a revelation to her. How do you explain that? Well, for Francis had Oh, I mean, she was 19 when she married Seward. But one of the things that had drawn them together where they're deeply moral beliefs, One of which was you know the rights of women, the other of which was you know, sooner or later, slavery must be overturned. That one of the remarkable things that that I noticed when I was writing the book, and even since it's come out is that people still don't find slavery. Such a terrible thing. Look, look what we saw at the Capitol on January 6th. There are still people who are wedded to the lost cause theory of American history. There, you know it. We saw people marching through with Confederate flags. This is very deeply part of what America is, and this is what they were fighting against. And they would be horrified but not surprised that even today this is an issue. How did you settle on this as a subject and also the challenge of doing a three cornered biography as it were, which is, which is a technical challenge to you. And if I had been fired anticipated quite how difficult that was, I probably wouldn't have taken it on in the first place. So the whole the book came about serendipitously. I was actually working on my previous book, which was, as you know about my grandmother who grew up in Auburn, New York. And she had told me that her grandparent's lived next door to William H. Seward, and I thought, Well, maybe she got to make that one up by. I don't know. So I had never been to Auburn before I went there. I went to the Seward House Museum, and I asked the director did did the wood riffs like Cliff next door? And he pointed out, William H. Seward's Study window and he said, Yeah, the house was right there. And then there was this young education director who sort of took me under her wing and she wanted to give me a private tour and she takes me down these dark, narrow steps into the original basement kitchen, and she's talking not about the famous amazing William H. Seward. What about his quiet recess of rather sickly wife, Frances Stewart, and she was pretty mad because she had been reading some letters by Francis Seward to her husband, and she thought that all of the sword biographers had really undersold his wife. So she takes me into this basement kitchen. This is where Francis Seward harbored a fugitive slaves on the underground railroad. And I thought, well, that's kind of amazing, and she said, And furthermore, Around the corner. Her best friend lived, who was another out lawyer in very conservative Auburn. Her name was Martha Coffin, right? And she, like Francis Seward believed that women should have equal rights and that slavery needed to be abolished. And both. Both of those ideas were completely ridiculous. At the time. This is the early you know. Late 18 thirties early 18 forties Francis and Martha words some of the earliest feminist In the country. What was the relationship between? The early feminist movement Women's rights movement. And the abolitionist movement. It was. It was not always in sync and there were tensions. There were tensions from the beginning, including when women asked if they could join William Lloyd Garrison screw up the American anti slavery society, and they were roundly told they could not. So they started their own female anti slavery societies. However, these women learned a lot from their male abolitionist colleagues. They learned how to organize. They learned how to hold conventions and invite speakers. They learned how to petition Congress and and they would invite people like Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison to speak at their conventions, which those who believed in women's rights were very happy to do. However, they were always Racial tensions was kind of simmering under the surface. So say when Lucy Stone, who was one of Martha Coven rights friends, she was a paid speaker for Garrisons group, she decided to go south to speak to slave holders because, in her view, this is good thing to do open their minds and Frederick Douglass was really angry. He said. He did not think this was the moral thing to do. So anyway, All of this was kind of simmering. Usually they're able to keep a lid on it, but it eventually broke right out into the open in an incredibly ugly way. But that was much later after the war in the 18 sixties and the debate around the 15th amendment. Let's bring.
KIRO Radio 97.3 FM
"william lloyd garrison" Discussed on KIRO Radio 97.3 FM
"News, Dave Ross, with Colleen O'Brien and Chris Sullivan. A little history lesson. Now I subscribe to a conservative newsletter called the Dispatch and in a recent issue. They were highlighting a book called Fears of a Setting Sun, written by Dennis Rasmussen. Now is about the founding fathers and we have lionized the founding fathers as these geniuses instead of the perfect political system, and yet Dennis writes in his book that they were, in some cases disillusioned with what they had created, including George Washington himself. So I thought we called up and talked about. He teaches political science at Syracuse University. And so what does the Lord is the theme of your book? And why were the founders? Uh, I guess less than satisfied with what they've made. Right, So the theme is the dissolution of one of the founders later in their lives. The key figures in the book are George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. There's a whole host of other founders who ended up disillusioned as well, usually the ones who lived a little bit later into the 19th century. There was no one cause of their disillusionment I have in the book. I have a particular theme that I associate with each of the figures. So for Washington, the real cause of his disillusionment was the rise of parties and partisanship. For Alexander Hamilton. It was that here we felt that the government wasn't sufficiently strong or energetic for Adam's. He worried that the American people lack the civic virtue that was needed to sustain Republican government. And Jefferson had a number of causes for despair. But the key one I think, was the sectional divisions between North and south over the expansion of slavery that he thought rightly, I guess, as it turned out with tear the country apart. It's the sexual divisions in the civic virtue part that interest me because we seem to be in that place. Today is what they feared coming true as we watch here, I think all of their fears are still with us right partisan polarization is on the news on a daily basis. The lack of civic virtue or civic engagement is a perennial complaint in American politics. And when we think of the red State blue state divide, Jefferson's worry still seem highly relevant. Hamilton is a little bit trickier, because I think most people would not say that the federal government today's you know terribly we compared to the state governments, but it is pretty feckless in certain ways is very hard to produce major legislation. So even his worries are still bears. Well, I think OK, so for people who today style themselves as I'll call them originalists they wanted they want to get back to the good old days. The founding. Um are they giving us a true picture of what the founders would have wanted? Well, something's just in some cases. No, But when we talk about what the founders did or what the founders wanted, we usually look at them. If this very brief snapshot of time, you know what did they want when they framed the Constitution? You know they kept living. They live for many more decades, and they learned they lived under that constitution. They saw how it operated, and it's striking. I think it's very telling that so many of them ended up disillusion with what they brought when we look back and think. Oh, they they had all their answers. All the answers there, will there in 10 must be obeyed. In all things. You know, it's worth keeping in mind what the rest of their lives looks like. So what would they have changed? Is there anything you can point to things that were clinging to today? Which if the founders were here, they choose their found, you want would would have quickly abandoned. I think most of the big figures who we think of is that the kind of the main founders today the Washington's Madison's Hamilton's of the world would have liked much more powerful. National government, much more powerful presidency and I think, especially a Senate that was did not Represents his equally They all wanted proportional representation in the Senate. It was really just voting power of the small states have prevented it. We could look at the electoral college there lots of things that I think they might be surprised are still with us. Let's talk about the Senate. Then the founders didn't like it. And and yet we we cling to it as something that's Ah, what key to supposedly a key to compromise. But in fact, his work more often like a roadblock. It's right and some of the future of this and make it such a roadblock weren't in the constitution at all. Notably the filibuster, which has gotten so much attention in recent months. But yes, most of the big name founders less the convention. Deeply bitterly disappointed that the Senate included equal state representation rather than proportional representation. This Senate looked almost nothing like Madison wanted it to going in. And what about the Electoral college? The Electoral College was makeshift creation that it was really motivated by two framers who we know less about, but we're very important in the convention Governor Morris and James Wilson, both of whom wanted direct popular election of the president, They were the two leading advocates of that. Essentially they couldn't get the other delegates to go along. So the electoral college was devised as a second best option for both of them. And frankly, we forget this. One of the main reasons they couldn't get the other delegates to go along was slavery. The Southern delegates wanted some boosts in Their power and choosing the president on account of the people who made enslaved and a direct popular election wouldn't have done that, because of course they enslave. People would have been able to vote to the Electoral College grants State a number of electoral votes equal to its members of the House and Senate. And of course, the members of the number of members of the house in the southern states were augmented by the 3/5 clause, so that carried into the electoral college too. So it's really one of the reasons we have this electoral college that we spend so much time fighting over is that it was a legacy of slavery. Yeah, and so when we talk about institutional racism, there's there's an example staring us in the faith. There are many from from the constitutional Convention and throughout the founding, But yes, that's wonderful. What is it? One of the others? I don't want to miss out of here. Well, I mean, look, the there's been arguments throughout American history about whether to what extent was the Constitution, a pro slavery document, and to what extent was an anti slavery document and abolitionist themselves fought over it. William Lloyd Garrison said that it was a pro slavery document. It was a covenant with death. An agreement with hell At first, Frederick Douglass agreed with him. He came to and Believing that it was an anti slavery document, so clearly it was one that could be read multiple ways. But it's hard to deny that there were huge protections for slavery. The slave trade the fugitive slave, cause they're all kinds of protections for that in the Constitution, but really the 3/5 clause that augmented the political power of the south in both the House of Representatives and in the Electoral college. Off until the civil war really gave the South the dominant voice in the national councils in a way that ended up being, you know, terrible. Yeah. Well, it's quite interesting. And like I say it was also very surprising to read it in the conservative newsletter because generally, conservatives just do not want to hear criticism of the founding fathers. I certainly don't want to hear that they were disillusioned with the Constitution, which is Considered this sacred thing. One thing I didn't ask you about was the was the second Amendment. They did have a problem with people open, carrying at political rallies and stuff like that. That was just done As a matter Of course, yes, but again, there there flintlock muskets to take a minute and a half, right? I mean, it's a very different thing than carrying. Ah, you know, semiautomatic handgun in your in your backpack. So Washington was not expecting people. The ordinaries business to have something out about a constant surprisingly no. Dennis Rasmussen teaches at Syracuse University. Dennis has been great to talk with you. Thank you. Thank for him. Me and now it's time to check in with Cairo radio. Real time traffic Chris Sullivan.
The Erick Erickson Show
"william lloyd garrison" Discussed on The Erick Erickson Show
"Well they're truth needs to be given preference so the truth of us landing on the moon. Forget the conspiracy theorists of it. If you're a white male who believes that we did not land on the moon your truth is irrelevant to the astronaut who experienced it but the astronaut who experienced it. His truth is irrelevant to the black female transgender person. Who believes we did land on the moon. Her her -ality is dominant. Her truth. must therefore be dominant so the facts. No longer matter. What matters is what this person perceives this where we are in postmodernism. You see this all the time you see this. Frankly all the left or the right. How many people listening to be right now have sydney videos of someone. They saw the internet. Who shows the election was stolen. It doesn't matter that the election wasn't stolen. It doesn't matter what the facts are because that person perceives it and seeks to discredit anyone who says otherwise. Their truth reigns supreme. If you agree with it well it's your truth as well in your truth matters way more than the actual fax. This is now coming to roost. In anti-racism the new york times highlighting abram kindy no hebron candy is a far left radical anti-capitalist. Who believes that. You can't just be against racism you must be anti-racist and part of being anti-racist is it must be painful and you must be required to give something up through reparations or otherwise or you're not really committed to it well now the new york times is praising him moving on not just racial justice but to anti-racists news been smith writing this ebron. Kindy in bene- vin. Qatar amon met last summer when they're big boston institutions boston university in the boston globe were grappling with protests. Over racial justice mr than qatar amend the editor of globes editorial page asked. Dr kindy the author of the book how to be an anti-racist why he decided to foul the center for anti-racist research in a city known for the backlash to bussing and we're sports fans boo athletes a color she recalled. They started talking about their shared obsession with the different boston. History nineteenth century abolitionist newspapers. Then they wondered what it would mean two thousand and two thousand twenty one a newspaper in the spirit of william lloyd. Garrison's legendary liberator in particular. They wondered what would it mean to bring to american racism. The sense of urgency with which garrison in eighteen thirty one started the newspaper abandoning more gradualist approach to slavery on this subject. I do not wish to think or speak or write with moderation. No no he. Famously began saying that that would be like telling a man whose houses on fire to give a moderate alarm now with the backing of their institutions. A seven figure budget. They plan later this year to start an online publication that blends reportage opinion and academic research some of which will appear in the globe. They hoped to revive the tradition of a generation of media that predates the formal division of news and opinion in twentieth century american journalism and they want to channel the energy that is produced a year of newsroom conversations and arguments about racism. They're going to essentially announce. Racism is everywhere in everything. And we're going to cover it as if it is so while they're going to they're they're going to get seven figures from woke white guilt. Shame everyone and make it into academic institutions and in mainstream newspapers. Have you noticed that. There are a whole lot of people who claim to be oppressed. Who profit from the claims and a whole lot of people who they claim to be oppressors. Who are in worse situations than they. It's remarkable the griff tres. Come out in the stuff and they're gonna get seven figures.
The Erick Erickson Show
"william lloyd garrison" Discussed on The Erick Erickson Show
"The time you see this. Frankly on the left and the right how many people listening to be right now have sent me videos of someone they saw on the internet. Who shows the election was stolen. It doesn't matter that the election wasn't stolen it as a matter. What the facts are because that person perceives it and seeks to discredit anyone who says otherwise. Their truth reigns supreme. If you agree with it well it's your truth as well in your truth matters way more than the actual facts. This is now coming home to roost. In anti-racism the new york times highlighting abram kindy abram candy is a far left radical anti-capitalist. Who believes that. You can't just be against racism you must be. Antiracist in part of being anti-racist is it must be painful and you must be required to give something up through reparations or otherwise or you're not really committed to it well now the new york times is praising him moving on got just to racial justice but to anti-racists news been smith writing this ebron. Candy in bene- then qatar. Oman met last summer when they're big boston institutions boston university and the boston globe with protests over racial justice mr then qatar among the editor of the globes editorial page asked. Dr kindy the author of the book how to be an anti-racist why he decided to fouled the center for anti-racist research in a city known for the backlash to bussing and we're sports fans boo athletes color she recalled. They started talking about their shared obsession with the different boston. History nineteenth century abolitionist newspapers. Then they wondered what it would mean to found in twenty twenty one and newspaper in the spirit of william lloyd. Garrison's legendary the liberator in particular. They wondered what would it mean to bring to american racism. The sense of urgency with which garrison eighteen thirty one started the newspaper abandoning a more gradualist approach to slavery on this subject. I do not wish to think or speak or write with moderation. No he famously began saying that that would be like telling a man whose house on fire to give a moderate alarm now with the backing of their institutions. A seven figure budget. They plan later this year to start an online publication that blends reportage opinion and academic research some of which will appear the globe. They hoped to revive the tradition of generation of media that predates the formal division of news and opinion in twentieth century american journalism and they want to channel the energy that is produced a year of newsroom conversations and arguments about racism. They're going to essentially else. Racism is everywhere in everything. And we're going to cover it as if it is so. Wow they're going to. They're going to get seven figures from.
This Day in History Class
This day in history - NAACP founded
"The day was february twelfth. Nineteen o nine in new york city. A group of black and white people met to talk about the status of black people in the united states. There were sixty people at the meeting including suffrage is philanthropist journalist clergymen educators and people from other traditions in attendance and some of them have been part of the abolitionist movement. Many of the people there had also been part of the niagara movement which was a civil rights group founded in nineteen o five sociologist activists w. e. d. boys and editor an activist william morris. Trotter the date of this meeting was notable because it was the hundredth anniversary of former us. President abraham lincoln's birth which many found meaningful because. Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation. But anti black violence was still endemic in the united states. And the people who met in new york on this day. We're committed to fighting racism and discrimination in the us. starting what was sometimes called a new abolition movement. At the time. Jim crow laws enforced racial segregation in the south. Though discrimination on the basis of race was constant throughout the united states thousands of black people were being lynched by white mobs at public events that were made into spectacles and deadly race. Riots were taking place across the country. In the period after the reconstruction era interpersonal and institutionalized racism were plaguing american society but activists reformers in revolutionaries were using and fighting to combat rampant racism and violence in the country in august nineteen. Oh eight there was a violent race riots. In springfield illinois where mobs of white people destroyed the homes and businesses of black people in the community and killed in lynched others author and activist. Ns stransky and her husband. William english walling. A socialist journalist went to springfield to investigate the right and in september. A magazine called the independent published an article by walling titled the race war in the north in the article. He wrote that. People must revive the spirit of abolitionist. Entreat black people social and political equals or else the race war would continue to spread across the country and walling went on to write the following the day. These methods become general in the north. Every hope of political democracy will be dead other weaker. Racist in classes will be persecuted in the north. As in the south public education will undergo an eclipse and american civilization. We'll await either a rapid degeneration or another profounder and more revolutionary civil war which sell obliterate not only the remains of slavery but all other obstacles to a free democratic evolution that have grown up in. Its wake who realizes the seriousness of the situation. And what large and powerful body of citizens is ready to come to their aid. Marie white ovington a social worker and writer heated wallin's call and sent him a letter in support so in january nineteen o nine. She met with walling in social worker. Henry moskovitz at wallin's new york apartment to discuss proposing an organization that would fight for the civil and political rights of black people. So oswald garrison villar grandson of abolitionist. William lloyd garrison wrote the call which was a summons for civil rights activists to form an organization that would advocate for ending racial injustice in america and fight for african americans rights the call was endorsed by sixty people including w. e. b. voice journalist and activist ida b wells philosopher and reformer john. Dewey an activist jane addams and on february toldt nineteen o nine a group including mary turks. Tarot charles edward russell in florence kelly among others breath met for a national conference but they didn't hold their first large meeting until may when they organized as the national negro committee. There was some conflict at that first session as leaders tried to get the more conservative but washington to join in on the meetings also tensions rose between white and black members and the press beer the radical nature of the conference but by nineteen ten members of the committee had formed the national association for the advancement of colored people or in double. Acp the n. Double acp mission was quote to promote equality of rights and to eradicate cast a race prejudice among the citizens of the united states to advance the interests of color citizens to secure for them impartial suffrage and to increase their opportunities for securing justice in the courts education for the children employment according to their ability and complete equality before law the organization established is national office in new york city in named a board of directors and president moorefield story at this time w e b d boys was the only black executive in the organization but that same year two boys started the crisis a journal offered discussion on race relations politics and black life and present it black intellectual and artistic work in double. Acp members went on to challenge segregation laws. Stage boycotts start anti lynching campaign in lobby and advocate for new legislation the end ps methods aren't loved by people who use more direct action tactics but the organization did make gains in the movement for black civil rights and is still going today.
KGO 810
"william lloyd garrison" Discussed on KGO 810
"Me to drink And if you don't stop driving out hot Rod Lincoln. Okay. Good afternoon. IPad. Thurston, Tennessee. Davis is my guest. He's in historian. He is an author on he is a friend of the show. We're so glad to have him with us As we talk during Black History month about Abraham Lincoln. His birthday is coming up. You know, He's a complicated man, and he went through a lot of changes, but he's incredibly accomplice. Hated Can. I'm going to kind of jump ahead here. And if we have to go to the break and then and then continue, we can, but I wanted to talk with you about you said earlier. You messed up Frederick Douglass and Stephen Douglas. I wanted to talk about Frederick Douglass. Because I think he's one of the most amazing men in our history, and I was reading about the Friedmans memorial when that became utterly controversial. And I read the speech that Frederick Douglass made when that statue was unveiled, and you know how much he talked about Abraham Lincoln that any began with how he was the White man's president. And then he went through the changes the growth that Lincoln took on this issue, and it's just It's one of the most inspiring and chilling and informative things that I that I've ever read. Can you talk a little bit about that? And about what he was talking about the changes that Lincoln went through Absolutely. And I start first of all with their relationship. I mean, that was an important important relationship for those who are unfamiliar with Frederick Douglas. He was born into slavery in Maryland. Ah, escaped and made his way to New York on then became the most prominent. Spokesperson for the abolitionist movement not only in America but perhaps in the world went to Europe at one point to speak and lecture who was a riveting speaker. In fact, that's how he came into fame. He was seen one night giving a speech at an abolitionist society by William Lloyd Garrison, who was other most prominent abolitionist of the time, and he immediately understood that this Frederick Douglass with someone special and Cultivated him as a speaker and then later as a writer Frederick Douglass's book first book, The Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass is a must read for any person should be required reading and in all schools, But if you haven't been required to read it, you should go back and look at it. So he had at a certain point. Of course, he became the most influential African American. Man in America at the top of the 19th century. There's no question about that. I don't think and he influenced Lincoln's thinking. But let's talk a little bit about how that thinking did change because I think that's the important point here. Lincoln as I mentioned in 18 60, If you asked him, he would have said slavery is legal. I'm not fighting this war to say to end slavery and playing this war to to save the union, in fact, even write two very famous letter saying, If I could save the union by freeing all the slaves, I would if I could save them by save the union by freeing no slaves, I would. The music is playing with me. You have to take a break,.
This Day in History Class
Eliza Ann Gardner born - May 28, 1831
"Podcast. The stain history class is production of iheartradio pay. I'm eaves and welcome to this day in history class. A podcast where we bring you a little slice of history every day. I hope you all are still faring. Well I am faring. Well I am still in my closet. Everything is going great and I am so happy to still be bringing you all episodes with that fit on with the show. Today is may twenty eighth at twenty twenty? The Day was may twenty eighth eighteen. Thirty one abolitionist and religious leader Elisa. An was born in new. York Gardner is remembered for founding the Missionary Society of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Garner's family likely became involved in the Ame Zion Church when they lived in New York but when Elisa was young the family moved to Boston where Elisa was raised anti slavery circles in Boston. Her father became a ship contractor. The family lived in the mainly Black West. End Neighborhood in their home was a stop on the underground railroad. A network of routes and locations that enslaved people used to escape to free state in Canada because of this to us acquainted with figures like sojourner truth. Harriet Tubman and William Lloyd Garrison. Once you left school. She supported herself through just making and joined church. Abolitionist circles Gardner became a Sunday school teacher and she became Sunday School Superintendent for Boston. She organized the First Zion Missionary Society in New England at her church the society which later became known as the Ladies Home and Foreign Missionary Society raised money to send missionaries to Africa as Black methodists debated women's role in the Church and Missionary Fundraising Gardner weighed in on the question. She said the following at the eighteen eighty four. Amu Zion general conference. I come from old Massachusetts where we have declared that all not only men but women too are created free and equal with certain inalienable rights which men are bound to respect. She went on to say that women would continue to support the church if it's male leaders supported and respected