5 Burst results for "Paul Sation"
SpaceTime with Stuart Gary
"paul sation" Discussed on SpaceTime with Stuart Gary
"I love this podcast. Support this show through the acoss supportively. Joe it's up to you. How much give and there's no regular commitment. Just hit the link in the show description to support. Now this is space time series. Twenty four episode twenty seven coming up on space time. A changing doc energy necessary parkas solo probes swoops past venus at eighty seven thousand kilometers per hour and a new eye in the sky to monitor amazonian deforestation. All that and more coming up on space time. Welcome to space time with stewart gary. The universe was created thirty point. Eight two billion years ago and the big bang and it's been expanding of a sense that expansion which is still going on today sees the cosmos being stretched out in all directions like a balloon be inflated and thanks to a mysterious force code dark energy that rate of expansion is increasing. its call doc energy because physicists. Have no idea what it is. Hence the term dark as an unknown. They know doug edgy stronger now than what. It was billions of years ago. And that's affecting the rate at which the universe is expanding a figure called the hobbled constant and this is where things start to break down measuring the expansion rate of the universe in different ways gives you different results and that shouldn't be happening. Journalists can measure the hubble constant by using two methods the first observed things like cepheid variable stars in type one a supernova in the local universe. These give you an expansion right somewhere around seventy four kilometers per second. Make a pasig. A mega pass being million past six or three point three million light years it works because syfy variable stars pulsating that is expanding contract at a set rate based on their intrinsic luminosity and so they can be used as standard candles to measure cosmic distances. And so because astronomers know-how intrinsically luminous pacific variable star is because of its paul sation rate. They can determine how far away it is just like a row street lights all have the same brightness of the ones further down the road apiece dimmer than the ones nearest to you and the same goes for exploiting static code. Todd went a supernova. These stars all exploded about the same mass and so with roughly the same matter. Brightness and so like cepheid variables that can be used to determine cosmic distances the second method for determining the hubble constant uses measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation in the primordial cosmos enough for the first atoms to form and for the first photons of light to escape about three hundred eighty thousand years after the big bang which according to measurements by the european space agency's plank spacecraft is much slower than the supernova value for the hubble constant. Just sixty seven kilometers per second per mega passaic. Assuming the lambda cold dark matter. Standard cosmological model of the universe is correct. Having two different for the hubble constant means scientists understanding of cosmology is missing something now a new hypothesis reported in the journal. Physical review d suggests the answer could involve a new type of dark energy doc. Energies a mysterious force which is causing the universes ready of expansion to accelerate when physicists calculate the expansion of the universe the basic relations on the assumption that the universe is made up of dark energy dark matter and ordinary matter until recently all types of observations fit it in with such model of the universe's composition of matter and energy is things are getting more and more precise that may no longer be the case. The study's lead author mountain. Sloth from the university of southern denmark says adding a new model of docket and g to the various calculations on the expansion of the universe results in less variation in the hubble constant sloth and co author flurry nadelmann suggests that. If there's a new type of extradite kennedy in the early universe would explain both the background radiation and supernova measurements simultaneously without contradiction. They are partha. Cise that in the only universe dark energy existed in a different phase. Slow says you can compare it to water when it's cooled. And it undergoes a phase transition to ice with a lower density in the same way dark energy in this new model undergoes transition to a new phase with low energy density thereby changing the effects of the dark energy on the expansion of the universe according to sloth in the intimate calculations the results add up imagine that dark energy thus underwent effaced transition triggered by the expansion of the universe itself. It's a face transition where the new face suddenly appear. And when these bubbles expanded collide. The phase transitions sloths. Is it's a very violent. Quantum mechanical process unaccustomed scale. This space time still the come. Nurses parkas solar probe is just undertaken. Its latest close fly by the planet. Venus sweeping above the venetian surface at eight hundred seven thousand kilometers per hour. And there's a new on the sky to monitor amazon in deforestation..
SpaceTime with Stuart Gary
"paul sation" Discussed on SpaceTime with Stuart Gary
"Stung in the shoulder. But then the healer of us intervene to save him and crush the scorpion. Both orion and the scorpion within placed in the heavens the pay out the story each year with scorpius rising the east as faded orion sits in the west variation of this fable speaks of ryan getting a little bit too close to optimise the goddess of chastity. Now her brother apollo didn't approve of this relationship and tricked automous into testing her skill by shooting in at a distant spec on the ocean what automous didn't know was that speak was actually orion swimming to escape. The giant scorpion created to kill him. When i miss discovered what she had done. She plays the ryan's body in the sky. As the staff we see today similar variations to this story appear in other cultures including ancient egypt. Iran is known as the cyrus the god of the underworld and regeneration very earliest depiction. That's been linked to the constellation. Orion is a prehistoric. Mammoth ivory carving found in a cave in the arch valley in west germany. Nineteen seventy-nine archaeologists. Have estimated that it would have been fashioned somewhere between thirty two thousand thirty eight thousand years ago. The distinctive pattern of verein has been recognized in numerous cultures around the world including ancient babylonian stock had logs dating back to the late bronze age orion easily identified by its rectangle of four stars surrounding essential trio of stars in a row which former ryan spilt and hanging from the build of the stars which make up the sort of rhyme to those of our listeners. In the southern hemisphere orion and peace to be upside down with the saudis built pointing upwards. And if you look really really carefully you'll notice that the middle star in the sword looks a bit fuzzy. That's because it's not a star. But rather a huge star forming region as messier forty two or m forty two the great nebula in orion at some one thousand three hundred and forty four light years away. M forty two is the nearest lot staff warming ridge into worth containing hundreds of newly forming stars protas as a life is about ten trillion kilometres affirmed on can travel a year at three hundred thousand kilometers per second the speed of light in a vacuum and the ultimate speed limit of the universe. Iran nabeel is more than twenty four is across and it contains as much messes two thousand sons. It's one of the most scrutinized and photographed objects in the night sky and he's among the most intensely studied celestial features orion nebula revealed much about the process of how stars and planetary systems of formed from collapsing molecular gas and clouds by studying him forty two astronomers have directly observed protoplanetary disks brown dwarfs intense turbulent motions of gas and the federal ionising effects of nearby massive stars in the nebula. The ryanair bill contains a very young open. Cluster known as japan eum the tourism of its four primary stars trapeze. Himself is a component of the much larger orion nebula cluster. An association of around two thousand eight hundred stars within a diameter of just twenty light is the brightest star in the constellation of orion is the semi regular variable red supergiant builders which represents the scorpion sting on orion shoulder. Currently belga goes commonly referred to by. The public is beetlejuice. Then say it three times. The names of birth tortured mispronunciations the original arabic name if hausa meaning the hand of the big man the big man being around the hunter located some six hundred and forty three light years away. Metal is the ninth brightest star in the night sky. And it's big really big. In fact giants like goes are among the largest stars in the universe not least in terms of volume although they by no means the most massive luminous calculations of battle ghosh's mass range from slightly on the ten to a little over twenty times that of the sun and a china with some one hundred thousand times the sun's brightness. It would place at the location of our sun at the center of our solar system. It's visible surface would extend almost as far out as jupiter engulfing the orbits of the planets mercury venus earth and mars as well as the main asteroid belt goes began. Its life around ten million years ago as a special type. Obe- blue star astronomers described stars in terms of spectral types classification system based on temperature and characteristics the hottest most massive most luminous stars. And a your type of blue stars. They followed by spitzer type. B blue white stars then. Your taipei watched is spiritual type f wider. She'll star spectral type g yellow stars. That's where our son fits in. Then the spectral type k aren stars and the coolest and least massive stars. Aspera type him. Red stars often referred to as red dwarfs it's petra classification system is also subdivided using any americ- digit to represent temperature with zero being the hottest nine being the coolest and then a roman numerals to represent luminosity. Put them all together and our son is officially classified as g. Two v or g to five yellow dwarf star also included in the stellar classification system. A special types t and why which was signed to failed stars known as brown dwarfs some of which were actually born a spiritual type marin stars but became brown dwarfs after losing some of their mass brown dwarfs fitted or category between the largest planets. Which about thirty times. The mass of jupiter and the smallest spitzer type rid of stars which between seventy-five and eighty times the mass of jupiter or about zero point zero eight solar masses read suba giants fascinating object after spending billions of years fusing hydrogen into helium in their core. A stars core hydrogen supply eventually runs out and the balancing act between nuclear fusion pushing outwards and gravity pushing inwards stops with gravity winning the mass of the star thing comes crashing down on the core. This causes a dramatic increase in the cost pressure. Consequently temperature things get hot enough to trigger. What's called a helium. Flash is causes the core helium. Which has been created in the star to begin fusing carbon and oxygen at the same time the hydrogen rich region around this delacour has now moved out into that region where the temperatures and pressures a high enough for hydrogen fusion into helium to commence shell around the core. Now all this is going on the increasing core temperature resulting increasing level of luminosity and the resulting radiation pressure from this show burning causes the outer diffuse gaseous envelope of the star to expand to hundreds of times its previous radius and as the now bloated styles chromos vera visible surface moves further away from its core it cools down turning redder hence the stars become a rich giant small stars like the sun eventually lose their outer envelopes completely which continue expanding our says. Planetary nebula is ultimately exposes. The stars wideout still core as a wide off. She's being lifted slowly. Cool dan of the time however stars with masses more than around eight times that of the sun experience a very different fade. Unlike the sun their fusion cycle dozen in with helium in the core fusing into carbon and oxygen they have enough mass diffuse carbon and oxygen and they call into progressively heavier and heavier elements through a different process while the show burning around the core also fuses progressively heavier and heavier elements cabin nitrogen. Oxygen neon magnesium silicon sulphur nickel. And eventually i on these days have become super giants. Eventually they'll explode as core collapse supernovae ending up as either super dense strange objects code neutron stars or even stranger objects called black holes singularities of infinite density zero volume where the lows. The physics of science understands them. No longer apply. It's too early to tell with a better. As alternate fate will be a neutron star or black hole as a red supergiant builders is reaching the end of its life and it's expected to explode as a core collapse or type two ship over any day now of course s genomic terms any day now could mean tomorrow or it could make a million years from now when it does explode. Bill goes will temporarily outshine all the other stars in our galaxy and it will be clearly visible in the daytime sky on earth. The last i'd be seen by humans to goes should over now. Galaxy was tyco's star that was in fifteen seventy two and that was before the invention of the telescope diagonally opposite bill goods mocking ryan slipped. Foot is the blue supergiant star. Rider the second brightest star in the constellation orion rogers. Part of a triple possibly quadruple star system with three or four small companion stars. The promised our roger is located eight hundred and sixty three light years away. And it's about twenty three times the mass of the sun. The stars already exhausted. its core hydrogen supply. And it's swollen out between seventy nine and one hundred and fifteen times the sun's radius and is somewhere between one hundred and twenty thousand two hundred seventy nine thousand times as luminous like battle goes. It's now fusing progressively heavier and heavier elements in its core meaning it tools. Singer supernova ratulele. Paul seitz quasi periodically and he's classified as an alpha signi variable star alpha sigma variables are variable blue white supergiant stars which exhibit non radio. Paul sations meaning some areas of the star service contracting while others are expanding this causes irregular variations in brightness geeta beating of model paul sation periods the pulse asia likely caused by anna the variations and typically have periods ranging from several days to a few weeks roger as companion style. Roger will be is some five hundred times fainter than the super jaide at. It's only visible with a telescope ride. You'll be itself. As a spectroscopic binary system comprising two main sequence blue white stars main sequence stars those happily fusing hydrogen into helium in a core and spectroscopy by raise a double star systems albany each other so closely and at such an angle that they can be visually separated at least from our viewpoint on earth by this spectroscopic signatures the two stars making up ride. You'll be arrested. Admitted to be three point nine and two point nine times the mass of the sun respectively and one of those stars roger bb itself may be a binary it appears to have a very close visual companion roger c. of almost identical appearance the third brightest star in orion is bella tricks. Arise lift shoda. It's this better. Taibbi made sequence bluestar with about eight point. Six times the mass and six times the radius of the sun. Bila tricks is located about two hundred and fifty light years away. It is an estimated age of approximately twenty five million years. And that's all enough for star of this mess of consumed much of the hydrogen in its core and begin the process of evolving away of the main sequence into a blue giant. The most stunning nebula in orion is the spectacular. A horse head nebula ban. Thirty three the horse. It is dark. Nebula located just south of the star. Almanac which is the furthest east on a ryan spilled and is part of the much larger orion molecular cloud complex located around fifteen hundred light years away. The horse had nebula was first recorded in eighteen. Eighty eight it's one of the most identifiable simply because of the shape of it swirling clouds of dr esten gas which really does bearing credible resemblance to a horse's head to the west of ryan's built. You'll see v-shape grouping of stars we trip present the head of taurus. The bull who in greek mythology was changed by the god. Zeus to princess rogoff to create these also part of a larger stock. Lost that known as the heidi's one of tourists is is is the jain ornstein code olbermann the follower which is located around sixty five light years away and has about one and a half times the mass of the sun. All the baron is thought to contain a number of jupiter size planets auto brands already evolved off the main sequence having exhausted its core. Hydrogen fuel supply. It follows the players or seven sisters spectacular open star cluster to the northwest of the located in the constellation tourists. That platies is one of the nearest and youngest open star clusters to worth located just four hundred and forty three light years away. There's a story in greek mythology. Which tells us that. Orion fell in love with a seven sisters and pursued them for a long time eventually. Zeus turn both orion and the players in the stars. Interestingly a similar story is told in the aboriginal dream time culture of the great victoria desert region l. dear outback south australia. A ryan's described ziyang male hunter. Who chases but they've catches the platies group of seven young women in iran's right hand is a club filled with magic fire and represented by the ridge. Giant stop beggars however the player. He's older sister represented by the haiti stock class. The taunsa ryan standing in front of him. She defensively lifts her foot. Which is all the brand is also full of fire. Magic and this causes a ryan. Great humiliation putting out his fire and allowing the seven sisters to escape now. One of the interesting facts about this ancient dream time story is that it accurately describes the variability of battle as which brightens and fades reform hundred day period. The play seven sisters story is remarkably similar to legends found in many other cultures around the world and which haven't had any contact with each other tens of thousands of years the play the seven brighter stars can be seen with the unaided eye and the seven sisters nickname but this spectacular open star cluster actually consists of more than one hundred stars. If you follow ryan's built to the east it brings you to serious one of the nearest and brightest stars in the sky located just eight point seven light years away serious binary star system with a special type a wide star orbited by white dwarf. It's the brightest star in the constellation. Kenneth major. the great dog in greek mythology serious was the dog star and the canine companion of orion. The hunter to the ancient egyptians series was known as the god nevis lord of the underworld who had the head of the dog and no invented him bombing the funeral rites and who guided one through the underworld to judgment where he attended the scales. During the weighing of the heart. to determine one's fate in the afterlife later newbies was replaced by a cyrus on the world series also represented the god isis and ancient egyptians initially based their calendar on the stars yearly motion across the sky. Kind the southern sky and february. You'll see the stock notice. A white supergiant located three hundred and thirty light years away. The second brightest star in the night sky after serious greek mythology ca notice was the helmsman of the greek king men. Elias and the brightest down the constellation carina which represents the keel of the bird used by jason the argonauts in their quest for the golden fleece located knee by other vessels sales represented by the constellation villa and the roof. The birds re cabin poop deck which is presented by the constellation papers also in the southern skies. This time of year you'll see the large and small clouds which are to dwarf galaxies orbiting our galaxy the milky way the mental any clouds would under the polynesians and mary and served as important allegation markers. The named in honor of the portuguese navigator ferdinand magellan. It was the first european decide them during the first circumnavigation of the earth between fifteen nineteen and fifteen twenty. Two magilla himself didn't complete the circumnavigation. He was killed in the philippines during the battle of mac. Turn right now. The lodge many cloud is located almost directly overhead. And he's about one hundred and sixty three thousand light years away. Although it looks like an irregular off galaxy astronomers have classified it as a disrupted bad spiral. It's around forty thousand light eased diameter. it contains about ten billion times the mass of the sun located slightly lower to the west. You'll see the small magic lennick cloud which is located around two hundred thousand light years away. It's classified as a regular off galaxy about seven thousand nine ers wide with about seven billion times. The mass of the sun astronomers speculate that it too wants a bad spiral galaxy but it become disrupted by the gravitational tidal perturbations of the milky way. Jonathan nellie the editor of his strain sky and telescope magazine joins us now for the rest of our tour through the february night skies. It is it well for us in the southern hemisphere where we got some sort of las vegas or allows food at least out some. I formerly in a place like australia is december january february so february. We're on our last summer so We'll we'll really stupid doing that. You do it that way. Everyone else is it. Everyone who does it from some solstice to Did not everyone not everyone. Not everyone and certainly people do live on the equator. Couldn't give a toss yes us and that's it precisely right. Yeah every every place. I mean i really are out of Really should be based on each local place coast. That would be difficult to do. Other people do it According to the equinoxes and the salsas and things but as arguments to and to the amount of hate the oceans retain of the of the season you get a time lag. That's right yeah but as you saw in the last bit of summer last lawsuit or so if some still dogging whether we got warm not you but clear skies ultra grad constellations things to see and do we're fortunate in the southern hemisphere that sort of constellations that are around in summertime Some of the best ones. Sorry for our friends up in the northern hemisphere. These constellations are in the middle of winter when it's freezing cold outside and you don't wanna go to not and have a look at the start so we're lucky that way so let's let's have a look at some of the things can say let's start with the milky way. Which is the faint band of light. Which at this time of the year stretches across the whole scarf from south to north the milky way is just alle galaxy saints from the inside if we look at how galaxy now thought it would look like one of those typical spiral galaxy as right which so far rogue galaxy if you look at it from top to bottom of the round thing with spiral arms. Whatever if you look at it from the side. It's very thin edge on very very thin so it's like a like a discus the edges speak for yourself So it's like a discus and we're inside one of the fire alarm arms so when we look out into sky. We're looking at the sky around us inside this the flat disc. So that's that's mookie. Why is it just a milky appearance of millions millions of stars at a to sort of deem and sort of all merged together. But you can't pick out coast of individuals and they're the ones that we might up into constellations far so the join the office so let's go on the milky way with the constellations and the brought stars and what we can say. It's not right down. The south southern cross of the stars in the southern cross actually in the list of the top twenty five broadway stars in the night sky third another one of the third star in the cross cross twenty six seven crosses the smallest constellation and scott. Well the people in that. I think it's pretty pretty ordinary. But i think it's fantastic. It's beautiful compact little crucifix group of of stars so easy with everyday to define what's three of them being so brought really that did not far from the southern cross is what they call the false cross which has the science of shape. But it's much much bigger and the stars and aquatic brought not far from the cross. We've put a pair of stars the two point because if you draw an imaginary line between them and extend extend that line out with a will point at the southern cross one of those starts. After tour is the third brightest on the night sky and the other one betas and is the price down the south. I bumped across the southern cross. We go trae constellations that used to be one constellation before it got split up it used to be called net a she of the from ancient greek mythology but a split up into three actually got split up into four but the three main ones or villa consideration which means the styles got carina with the how the kale and pops which is the poop deck niche beyond puppets. If we keep going along the milky. We've got the post-election candidates major which means the a dog with the launch. Well that contains serious. Which is the brightest star in the not scott and his major and of minor as will small dog dog little by way and it has the bronx precisely on which is the broadest in august. So what's approach to say this time of year. But keep going to be on purpose and personae on and kennedy's major and everything like that up to the north eventually. Get to orion the hunter. We've spoken better wrong. Anytime is one of the programs they weren't detail about but of ryan has the brightest guy which is radio and people jus just to the right of orion. The constellation jim ny by the way we're not saying just throw it that's looking from the southern hemisphere northwards pure in the northern hemisphere southwards. It'd be just to. The left of the rhine is jim lowe. Orion tourists and tourists in seattle cluster of stobbs called the plea of the seven sisters and again we spent about this civil cluster. A number of times on the show to the naked eye. It might just seem like a fuzzy little picture of life. If you look at it so the trick is to sort of don't look directly at it use. What's called a version. Sort of look at the corner of your. I don't look directly at the little study. Look just to the side and sort of concentrate on what you can see. Out of the corner of your. It's cool to voted. Vision is if you do that. You should be able to say five or six individual stars in that little cluster on the other side of the way leaving. Mookie why now the scenes doctor and more bayer at the moment of my few abroad styles largest pasta sort of constellations. This is because we're now looking up out of the disc of our galaxy out into the deep space and there are fewest ause between us and deep space. When we're looking through into the disk of the galaxy see most of course but even though some of those areas spouse and and lodge and many bots is if you go to telescope. I'm you know it's sort of sweep around. Those areas are plenty things to say because a good dose of magnification with the total back and all sorts of big sky goodies to find for the bank at all like galaxies. Lots of various kinds and lots of stock losses. Also so moving onto the planet. Let's go to the planets now as far as the planet's most of the action at the moment this month is happening in the morning sky just before sunrise but it'd be a bit of an early rise upside down on the eastern horizon we will find jupiter and saturn and venus and in the second half of the month mercury as well h one is. It's fairly easy to identify based on it's brought a second so venus is the broadest than jupiter's the next protestant shattered a little bit dimmer and mercury is quite dim but it's it's tiny and pinpointing quite intense with its lot but all of these planets are going to be down in the door and glow k. Dawn gloves do need that into account when they're looking for the maybe not going to be up on this guy they're going to be down in the pre dawn glow military kicking. We'll be the hottest devised to just because they're trying to stand out from the background if you like if you look at the just before dawn you'll say the moon and jupiter and saturn and vein is all really close together. Pretty sticky side as the month goes on venus. It's gonna dropping down lower and lower and lower towards the horizon. Eventually it's going to become lost in the predawn glenn as it's over types it around or the other side of the sun and in march to reach up vision what's called superior conjunction fanta nine. It's basically means it's directly in the opposite side of the sun from us so we can't see it and it's going to be there for adult view and effectively out of you say a while so we're gonna lose it towards the end of february and the out of view in march and april reappearance cars. So that may when it will. Pop up above the western. Her is in this time in the evening sky after sunset and then it's gone to climb higher and higher in the sky monthly deposits going to be there in the west old electric december. Actually so it'll be brought style. You think pretty much all the that's gonna be something to look forward to die planet or haven't mentioned yet. He's mas which can see in the northwest off to sunset like i saw through the sun's gone down in the west the northwest and you'll see a reddish looking style or or an orangey booking stop. That'll be fun of miles and right at the end of february garage. Sort of lots of every you'll see it starting to creep up towards stock plus outspoken about the players right and in the first week of march. It's gonna just sort of go slowly please. So look look nauseam pretty to the naked. But if you've got a pair of and oculus have looked at mas and the players to get it will be really speaking because the play at east is beautiful. Bright whitish bluish Sparkling it'll gyms and then got this sort of orangey red glow of miles as well. Judge be really pretty much and And separate jonathan alley the editor of a stray sky telescope. Us go magazine. And don't forget if you're having trouble getting a copy of a strange guy telescope magazine from your usual retailer. Because of the current lockdown on travel restrictions always get a print or digital subscription. The magazine delivered directly to your letterbox inbox subscribing. Easy just go to sky and telescope dot com do that skied telescope dot com dot. Au and you'll never be left in the dark again. I like a bed. That's really firm. I need something a little softer than that. Rest easy to sleep number three sixty smart bet you both just your with your sleep number setting. It really helped me fall asleep faster. Yes by gently warming you okay but help keep us asleep. It senses your movements automatically adjust to keep you effortlessly comfortable. 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SpaceTime with Stuart Gary
Milky Way Warped and Twisted
"Accurate three dimensional map of Milky Way. Galaxy shows that it's warped and twisted. A report in the journal nature astronomy claims this woop spiral patent is being caused by talk of spinning of the milky way's massive in disk of stars than you observations of based on the positions of one thousand three hundred thirty nine syfy variable stars, which will use to map the milky ways real shape. They found the milky way's disk of stars becomes increasingly warped and twisted. The further away the stars are from the galactic Santa one of the study's authors. Professor Richard de grace from MacQuarie university says people usually think of spiral galaxies as being flat discs. The problem is trying to determine the rue shave avow. Galaxy is bit like standing in the middle of the woods trying to determine the exact size and shape of the hull forest. It's also the touristy difficult to determine distances from the sun to some parts of the milky ways. Gaseous disk without having a clear idea of what the disc actually looks like however of the past fifty years or so the have been some tantalizing hints that hydrogen clouds in the Milky Way could be warped from a great distance. I'll spiral galaxy look like thin disk of stars that obits roughly once every two hundred and fifty million years around the central region where hundreds of billions of stars provide all the gravitational glue native the whole the galaxy together. The Pat from dot matter that is, but it now seems this pull of gravity is far waker in the galaxies fi outta disk there. The hydrogen atoms making up most of the galaxy's gas disk no longer confined to a thin plane. Instead, they give the disk and s like a wolf to peerages coast by the huge man of toll coming from the spinning the milky way's massive in a disc of starves the Katie developing. This new three-dimensional map was recently published catalogue of young variable stars, none is classical Cepheids located in the wool Milky Way. Disc. Data on the east is was provided by Nashes wise wide field. Infrared survey explorer spacecraft the authors rebel, use a thousand three hundred thirty nine of these had variables to help them develop. They Matt and this allowed them that attempt that twisted appearance of the galaxies fire out a ragions classical Cepheids some four to twenty times as massive as the sun and up to one hundred thousand times as bright syfy at variables pulse. I that. He's expanding contract at set rates based on their intrinsic luminosity. And so that can be used the standard candles to measure cosmic distances because strana is no hang trinity luminous syfy variable star is because it's Paul sation. Right. They can determine how far away it must be. It's exactly the same. As looking at a row of straight lights down the road. You know, the vocal at the same brightness for the ones further down the road will appear dim it than the ones near it to you. This allows very accurate distances to determined for the stars with an era. Of only three to five percent. Then you research provides a crucial updated map for studies of the Milky Way, still emotions the origins of the milky way's disc. The grace reminds us that most of the matter in the milky ways dot matter, which is an intrinsic part of a universe. But the grace also points out that not only decide to not have any idea. What dot matter is not even sure exactly where it is. The new research the roszak of the Milky Way could help scientists better determine how dot matter is distributed around the Milky Way galaxy built those role surprised to find that they three dimensional collection of one thousand three hundred thirty nine syfy variable stars and the milky gas disk shared the stars tended to follow each other closely. The grace is that a scullery off his new insights into the formation of the Milky Way. He says perhaps more importantly, you found that in the milky way's outer regions the s like still a disk is warped in a progressively more. Twisted spiral Patton. Astronomers have observed dozens of other galaxies which have shown similar, Pat. Tens degrade says that means the milky way's twists rare. But not unique what we found is that towards the outer regions of anarchy by galaxy galaxy starts to DVI Toma flat bag shack without that was known for longtime in its distribution of gasoline by gossiping hydrogen atoms of which we knew for the last five decades or so in the region. The hydrogen gas would deviate from the plain become higher on bumps on one end and lower on the other end. Now, our study under the results have found fun for the first time that the young stars in the QA Trist by so-called seat variable stars, which are quite massive there for quite young followed that same kind of warped distribution where there is a clear deviation from does flatbed geic shed. But that's not everything also found is that the main direction of this war is not a straight line. But it starts to Marlins chase a spiral structure Espy go further for that. In the sense that this war becomes twisted at greater and greater radio as this. Anything to do at all with the total on stars within the galaxy coast by the galaxy's rotation. Yeah. So our interpretation of this result is not the massive disc of star king up. Most of the milk is rotating around the center of the galaxy. Every tune is sixty two three hundred million years, and it's dragging behind it the outer layers, which are less strongly gravitationally bound to the milky right because I've much further is and so that rotation the warped. Our two disc is slightly lagging behind is there any connection between this this warped structure in the thick and thin disks of the Milky Way is the correlation. And that's a good question. But we haven't actually looked up. Now having said that the dole cough the stars in. By are distributed into thin disc. That's ready to device majority of stars the thick disk is puffed up somewhat and it tends to extend to greater radio. But at much lower numbers of stars than the thinness. The the works distribution of stars would deviate from this thing this in the into the realm of the thickness. So there might be some dynamically. Action. But I would say about the warp itself is originates from the thin. That's probably must less associated with Findus. I don't think this has to do with the spiral structure of the milky QA such because it's quite well known by now death, the the longevity of the spiral arms is due to something called density Reich Swiss stars move around the center of the Milky Way, and they get attracted by the higher density of potato in despite alarm today that move faster towards spiral. I've spent more time there because of gravity and they move out slowly between his firearms that don't spend much time. That's that's the density by feary. I think there's a difficult. That's that's a completely different dynamical process in in this particular case, we believe that we really sees graft national torquing dragging behind of material by the inner massive disc. What do you need to do next for your research? Well, there's a couple of things that we can do first of all we looked at about thirteen hundred or so of the variables that's sizable sample. But it's know. You can always be improved one of the problems with our sample is that all of these stars were located on the near side of the nookie right centers on our side of the center. It would be great if he could get similar quality data on the other side of the QA center. So that we could see whether or not the features out. We have found are symmetrical, and that is more than just an academic exercise. The idea here is if the warts distribution of the seats in the twisting, this symmetrical either side of the Milky Way center, then we truly have a process here that works across the galaxy. Comex have suggested that what we we've seen might have been caused by the info of dwarf galaxy towards the region stuff, I'm Yukio. And if that's stick as you would only expect your side. So that's one thing that we would like to explore another thing, of course, is probably not very well. The European Space Agency is currently operating its guy satellite, which is meant to determine positions and distances to about a billion stars nuclei galaxy the first data released has has come out in the second releases Jew soon, but the full date. Percents will not be released for another three to five years by that time accurate three d map of nuclear galaxy. At hopefully, result will serve as a benchmark to hold those guy results against and I finally the other quite exciting prospects here is that by concentrating distribution of stars in our Milky Way. More a better more carefully before we may have a fighting chance of determining all the doc metro is located and that's still a big open question. That's professor Richard grace from Corean versity in Sydney,
SpaceTime with Stuart Gary
Milky Way Warped and Twisted
"Accurate three dimensional map of Milky Way. Galaxy shows that it's warped and twisted. A report in the journal nature astronomy claims this woop spiral patent is being caused by talk of spinning of the milky way's massive in disk of stars than you observations of based on the positions of one thousand three hundred thirty nine syfy variable stars, which will use to map the milky ways real shape. They found the milky way's disk of stars becomes increasingly warped and twisted. The further away the stars are from the galactic Santa one of the study's authors. Professor Richard de grace from MacQuarie university says people usually think of spiral galaxies as being flat discs. The problem is trying to determine the rue shave avow. Galaxy is bit like standing in the middle of the woods trying to determine the exact size and shape of the hull forest. It's also the touristy difficult to determine distances from the sun to some parts of the milky ways. Gaseous disk without having a clear idea of what the disc actually looks like however of the past fifty years or so the have been some tantalizing hints that hydrogen clouds in the Milky Way could be warped from a great distance. I'll spiral galaxy look like thin disk of stars that obits roughly once every two hundred and fifty million years around the central region where hundreds of billions of stars provide all the gravitational glue native the whole the galaxy together. The Pat from dot matter that is, but it now seems this pull of gravity is far waker in the galaxies fi outta disk there. The hydrogen atoms making up most of the galaxy's gas disk no longer confined to a thin plane. Instead, they give the disk and s like a wolf to peerages coast by the huge man of toll coming from the spinning the milky way's massive in a disc of starves the Katie developing. This new three-dimensional map was recently published catalogue of young variable stars, none is classical Cepheids located in the wool Milky Way. Disc. Data on the east is was provided by Nashes wise wide field. Infrared survey explorer spacecraft the authors rebel, use a thousand three hundred thirty nine of these had variables to help them develop. They Matt and this allowed them that attempt that twisted appearance of the galaxies fire out a ragions classical Cepheids some four to twenty times as massive as the sun and up to one hundred thousand times as bright syfy at variables pulse. I that. He's expanding contract at set rates based on their intrinsic luminosity. And so that can be used the standard candles to measure cosmic distances because strana is no hang trinity luminous syfy variable star is because it's Paul sation. Right. They can determine how far away it must be. It's exactly the same. As looking at a row of straight lights down the road. You know, the vocal at the same brightness for the ones further down the road will appear dim it than the ones near it to you. This allows very accurate distances to determined for the stars with an era. Of only three to five percent. Then you research provides a crucial updated map for studies of the Milky Way, still emotions the origins of the milky way's disc. The grace reminds us that most of the matter in the milky ways dot matter, which is an intrinsic part of a universe. But the grace also points out that not only decide to not have any idea. What dot matter is not even sure exactly where it is. The new research the roszak of the Milky Way could help scientists better determine how dot matter is distributed around the Milky Way galaxy built those role surprised to find that they three dimensional collection of one thousand three hundred thirty nine syfy variable stars and the milky gas disk shared the stars tended to follow each other closely. The grace is that a scullery off his new insights into the formation of the Milky Way. He says perhaps more importantly, you found that in the milky way's outer regions the s like still a disk is warped in a progressively more. Twisted spiral Patton. Astronomers have observed dozens of other galaxies which have shown similar, Pat. Tens degrade says that means the milky way's twists rare. But not unique what we found is that towards the outer regions of anarchy by galaxy galaxy starts to DVI Toma flat bag shack without that was known for longtime in its distribution of gasoline by gossiping hydrogen atoms of which we knew for the last five decades or so in the region. The hydrogen gas would deviate from the plain become higher on bumps on one end and lower on the other end. Now, our study under the results have found fun for the first time that the young stars in the QA Trist by so-called seat variable stars, which are quite massive there for quite young followed that same kind of warped distribution where there is a clear deviation from does flatbed geic shed. But that's not everything also found is that the main direction of this war is not a straight line. But it starts to Marlins chase a spiral structure Espy go further for that. In the sense that this war becomes twisted at greater and greater radio as this. Anything to do at all with the total on stars within the galaxy coast by the galaxy's rotation. Yeah. So our interpretation of this result is not the massive disc of star king up. Most of the milk is rotating around the center of the galaxy. Every tune is sixty two three hundred million years, and it's dragging behind it the outer layers, which are less strongly gravitationally bound to the milky right because I've much further is and so that rotation the warped. Our two disc is slightly lagging behind is there any connection between this this warped structure in the thick and thin disks of the Milky Way is the correlation. And that's a good question. But we haven't actually looked up. Now having said that the dole cough the stars in. By are distributed into thin disc. That's ready to device majority of stars the thick disk is puffed up somewhat and it tends to extend to greater radio. But at much lower numbers of stars than the thinness. The the works distribution of stars would deviate from this thing this in the into the realm of the thickness. So there might be some dynamically. Action. But I would say about the warp itself is originates from the thin. That's probably must less associated with Findus. I don't think this has to do with the spiral structure of the milky QA such because it's quite well known by now death, the the longevity of the spiral arms is due to something called density Reich Swiss stars move around the center of the Milky Way, and they get attracted by the higher density of potato in despite alarm today that move faster towards spiral. I've spent more time there because of gravity and they move out slowly between his firearms that don't spend much time. That's that's the density by feary. I think there's a difficult. That's that's a completely different dynamical process in in this particular case, we believe that we really sees graft national torquing dragging behind of material by the inner massive disc. What do you need to do next for your research? Well, there's a couple of things that we can do first of all we looked at about thirteen hundred or so of the variables that's sizable sample. But it's know. You can always be improved one of the problems with our sample is that all of these stars were located on the near side of the nookie right centers on our side of the center. It would be great if he could get similar quality data on the other side of the QA center. So that we could see whether or not the features out. We have found are symmetrical, and that is more than just an academic exercise. The idea here is if the warts distribution of the seats in the twisting, this symmetrical either side of the Milky Way center, then we truly have a process here that works across the galaxy. Comex have suggested that what we we've seen might have been caused by the info of dwarf galaxy towards the region stuff, I'm Yukio. And if that's stick as you would only expect your side. So that's one thing that we would like to explore another thing, of course, is probably not very well. The European Space Agency is currently operating its guy satellite, which is meant to determine positions and distances to about a billion stars nuclei galaxy the first data released has has come out in the second releases Jew soon, but the full date. Percents will not be released for another three to five years by that time accurate three d map of nuclear galaxy. At hopefully, result will serve as a benchmark to hold those guy results against and I finally the other quite exciting prospects here is that by concentrating distribution of stars in our Milky Way. More a better more carefully before we may have a fighting chance of determining all the doc metro is located and that's still a big open question. That's professor Richard grace from Corean versity in Sydney,
SpaceTime with Stuart Gary
Milky Way Warped and Twisted
"Accurate three dimensional map of Milky Way. Galaxy shows that it's warped and twisted. A report in the journal nature astronomy claims this woop spiral patent is being caused by talk of spinning of the milky way's massive in disk of stars than you observations of based on the positions of one thousand three hundred thirty nine syfy variable stars, which will use to map the milky ways real shape. They found the milky way's disk of stars becomes increasingly warped and twisted. The further away the stars are from the galactic Santa one of the study's authors. Professor Richard de grace from MacQuarie university says people usually think of spiral galaxies as being flat discs. The problem is trying to determine the rue shave avow. Galaxy is bit like standing in the middle of the woods trying to determine the exact size and shape of the hull forest. It's also the touristy difficult to determine distances from the sun to some parts of the milky ways. Gaseous disk without having a clear idea of what the disc actually looks like however of the past fifty years or so the have been some tantalizing hints that hydrogen clouds in the Milky Way could be warped from a great distance. I'll spiral galaxy look like thin disk of stars that obits roughly once every two hundred and fifty million years around the central region where hundreds of billions of stars provide all the gravitational glue native the whole the galaxy together. The Pat from dot matter that is, but it now seems this pull of gravity is far waker in the galaxies fi outta disk there. The hydrogen atoms making up most of the galaxy's gas disk no longer confined to a thin plane. Instead, they give the disk and s like a wolf to peerages coast by the huge man of toll coming from the spinning the milky way's massive in a disc of starves the Katie developing. This new three-dimensional map was recently published catalogue of young variable stars, none is classical Cepheids located in the wool Milky Way. Disc. Data on the east is was provided by Nashes wise wide field. Infrared survey explorer spacecraft the authors rebel, use a thousand three hundred thirty nine of these had variables to help them develop. They Matt and this allowed them that attempt that twisted appearance of the galaxies fire out a ragions classical Cepheids some four to twenty times as massive as the sun and up to one hundred thousand times as bright syfy at variables pulse. I that. He's expanding contract at set rates based on their intrinsic luminosity. And so that can be used the standard candles to measure cosmic distances because strana is no hang trinity luminous syfy variable star is because it's Paul sation. Right. They can determine how far away it must be. It's exactly the same. As looking at a row of straight lights down the road. You know, the vocal at the same brightness for the ones further down the road will appear dim it than the ones near it to you. This allows very accurate distances to determined for the stars with an era. Of only three to five percent. Then you research provides a crucial updated map for studies of the Milky Way, still emotions the origins of the milky way's disc. The grace reminds us that most of the matter in the milky ways dot matter, which is an intrinsic part of a universe. But the grace also points out that not only decide to not have any idea. What dot matter is not even sure exactly where it is. The new research the roszak of the Milky Way could help scientists better determine how dot matter is distributed around the Milky Way galaxy built those role surprised to find that they three dimensional collection of one thousand three hundred thirty nine syfy variable stars and the milky gas disk shared the stars tended to follow each other closely. The grace is that a scullery off his new insights into the formation of the Milky Way. He says perhaps more importantly, you found that in the milky way's outer regions the s like still a disk is warped in a progressively more. Twisted spiral Patton. Astronomers have observed dozens of other galaxies which have shown similar, Pat. Tens degrade says that means the milky way's twists rare. But not unique what we found is that towards the outer regions of anarchy by galaxy galaxy starts to DVI Toma flat bag shack without that was known for longtime in its distribution of gasoline by gossiping hydrogen atoms of which we knew for the last five decades or so in the region. The hydrogen gas would deviate from the plain become higher on bumps on one end and lower on the other end. Now, our study under the results have found fun for the first time that the young stars in the QA Trist by so-called seat variable stars, which are quite massive there for quite young followed that same kind of warped distribution where there is a clear deviation from does flatbed geic shed. But that's not everything also found is that the main direction of this war is not a straight line. But it starts to Marlins chase a spiral structure Espy go further for that. In the sense that this war becomes twisted at greater and greater radio as this. Anything to do at all with the total on stars within the galaxy coast by the galaxy's rotation. Yeah. So our interpretation of this result is not the massive disc of star king up. Most of the milk is rotating around the center of the galaxy. Every tune is sixty two three hundred million years, and it's dragging behind it the outer layers, which are less strongly gravitationally bound to the milky right because I've much further is and so that rotation the warped. Our two disc is slightly lagging behind is there any connection between this this warped structure in the thick and thin disks of the Milky Way is the correlation. And that's a good question. But we haven't actually looked up. Now having said that the dole cough the stars in. By are distributed into thin disc. That's ready to device majority of stars the thick disk is puffed up somewhat and it tends to extend to greater radio. But at much lower numbers of stars than the thinness. The the works distribution of stars would deviate from this thing this in the into the realm of the thickness. So there might be some dynamically. Action. But I would say about the warp itself is originates from the thin. That's probably must less associated with Findus. I don't think this has to do with the spiral structure of the milky QA such because it's quite well known by now death, the the longevity of the spiral arms is due to something called density Reich Swiss stars move around the center of the Milky Way, and they get attracted by the higher density of potato in despite alarm today that move faster towards spiral. I've spent more time there because of gravity and they move out slowly between his firearms that don't spend much time. That's that's the density by feary. I think there's a difficult. That's that's a completely different dynamical process in in this particular case, we believe that we really sees graft national torquing dragging behind of material by the inner massive disc. What do you need to do next for your research? Well, there's a couple of things that we can do first of all we looked at about thirteen hundred or so of the variables that's sizable sample. But it's know. You can always be improved one of the problems with our sample is that all of these stars were located on the near side of the nookie right centers on our side of the center. It would be great if he could get similar quality data on the other side of the QA center. So that we could see whether or not the features out. We have found are symmetrical, and that is more than just an academic exercise. The idea here is if the warts distribution of the seats in the twisting, this symmetrical either side of the Milky Way center, then we truly have a process here that works across the galaxy. Comex have suggested that what we we've seen might have been caused by the info of dwarf galaxy towards the region stuff, I'm Yukio. And if that's stick as you would only expect your side. So that's one thing that we would like to explore another thing, of course, is probably not very well. The European Space Agency is currently operating its guy satellite, which is meant to determine positions and distances to about a billion stars nuclei galaxy the first data released has has come out in the second releases Jew soon, but the full date. Percents will not be released for another three to five years by that time accurate three d map of nuclear galaxy. At hopefully, result will serve as a benchmark to hold those guy results against and I finally the other quite exciting prospects here is that by concentrating distribution of stars in our Milky Way. More a better more carefully before we may have a fighting chance of determining all the doc metro is located and that's still a big open question. That's professor Richard grace from Corean versity in Sydney,