40 Burst results for "Nature"
The Charlie Kirk Show
Matt Gaetz Reacts to Mike Pence's Presidential Bid
"Pence is running for the presidency. I want to... Okay, yeah, there it is. Let's play cut 73, and then I want your reaction, Matt Gaetz. But today, our country's in a lot of trouble. President Joe Biden and the radical left have weakened America at home and abroad. The American dream is being crushed under runaway inflation. Wages are dropping. Recession is looming. Our southern border is under siege, and the enemies of freedom are on the march around the world. And worse still, timeless American values are under assault as never before. We're better than this. We can turn this country around, but different times call for different leadership. Today, our party and our country need a leader that will appeal, as Lincoln said, to the bitter angels of our nature. I have long believed to whom much is given, much will be required. That's why today, before God and my family, I'm announcing I'm running for president of the United States. Matt Gaetz, Mike Pence is running for the presidency. Your reaction? I'm sure Mike Pence's voter is very excited about that announcement. Didn't see a big crowd there with him, and it bears some resemblance to the Chris Christie announcement we saw recently, which seemed to be attended about as thoroughly as a regularly sized Homeowners Association meeting. But in a way, Mike Pence and Chris Christie are victims in the political industrial complex because some consultant somewhere has convinced Mike Pence and Chris Christie that they might be president one day. I know it sounds crazy, but that consultant will win or lose based on the existence of a campaign, but I don't see much of a lane for these folks. I
WTOP 24 Hour News
Fresh update on "nature" discussed on WTOP 24 Hour News
"Stem is powered by active ingredients found in plants to fight off bugs safely and effectively use as directed stem rooted in nature optimized by science. Trust we matters instill trust every day by the things we say, the choices we make and people the we choose to do business with. Hi I'm Jeff Dick chairman and CEO of Main Street Bank. What matters most to you and your business? A strong relationship based on trust, reputation and expertise or a rate from a place where you don't matter. Expect better. Bank where trust matters and where you matter. Main Street Bank. Put our bank in your office. Visit mstreetbank .com to learn more. Member the equal housing lender. 428 traffic
The Crypto Overnighter
Faux Web3 Company's Scam Exposes Oversight in Bloomberg's Advertising
"OpenAI's ChatGPT has gained immense popularity worldwide. Sadly, this has led to the explosion of numerous deceptive applications. These are applications that lure users in with clever advertisements before defrauding them. One such instance involves BlockGPT. And as you can guess by the name, BlockGPT is a Web3 company inspired by ChatGPT. They were also recently exposed for orchestrating a rug pull scam, resulting in the theft of $256 ,000 in pre -sale funds. The lack of a proper disclaimer on Bloomberg's part has also drawn criticism. The platform allowed a paid press release promoting the fraudulent project to be published on their website without adequate warning. Certek is a blockchain security firm. They confirmed BlockGPT's fraudulent nature. Now, PexShield is another security provider. They further corroborated the rug pull claims by revealing that more than 800 Binance coins raised in a pre -sale contract were transferred to Tornado Cash. BlockGPT issued a press release earlier this month. In that release, they outlined their goal of developing a blockchain -based artificial intelligence system similar to ChatGPT. Unfortunately, this press release was initially distributed through Globe Newswire. That meant it was automatically scraped and published on Bloomberg. Now, it's important to highlight that the article published on Bloomberg lacked clear indicators that could have alerted readers to its status as a paid press release rather than a genuine news article. In fact, the website did not include any explicit disclaimer or indication of paid content. BlockFence is a security aggregation provider. They criticized both Bloomberg and Bloomberg Crypto via Twitter, urging them to provide a more prominent disclaimer and to conduct due diligence to prevent the future publication of fraudulent projects.
Stephanie Miller
Fresh update on "nature" discussed on Stephanie Miller
"Of meat similar to what they would eat and dogs wild go bonkers for nature's blend. When given the choice between nature's blend and Bestseller and dry dog food 29 out of 30 dogs chose nature's blend burst Tory Tulsa from says my fur baby is so eager to eat it. Other dog foods I've tried gave my sweet boy issues with allergies as soon as he switched over to Dr. Marty's all those issues became null and void. Give your dog the food they'll love and support their youthful energy healthy skin easy digestion and happy full life for a limited time claim 54 % off nature's blend and receive a free pack of premium dog treats go to Dr. Marty pets .com slash Miller or text Miller to 511 511 text Miller to 511 511 study available upon messages request data rates may apply or go right to dr. Marty pets .com slash Miller. Well, here's the truth dads want steak when you give dad perfectly aged oh so tender steaks you're giving not him the best meal of his life but the chance to grill them up and share the moment with you for a limited time when you go to Omaha steaks .com enter the code Stephanie into that search bar you'll be able to order the dad's favorite gift package for just $99 .99 plus you will get eight free Omaha steaks burgers with your order these burgers taste like steak on a bun and our ultra lean pack of bold intense beefy flavor save over 60 percent on the dad's favorite grill pack plus the eight free Omaha steaks burgers only $99 .99 grilling steaks with my dad is one of my favorite favorite childhood memories remember gifting is easy dads want steak Omaha steaks isn't just steak it is the best steak of your life guaranteed don't wait go to omahaste .com type Stephanie in the search bar order the dad's favorite gift package for Father's Day today omahaste .com don't forget that keyword is Stephanie you are listening to WCPT
CoinDesk Podcast Network
Why Elizabeth Warren Is Wrong About Crypto and the Fentanyl Epidemic
"Featured story is an opinion piece by CoinDesk's Daniel Kuhn. Our piece today is entitled, Why Elizabeth Warren is Wrong about Crypto and the Fentanyl Epidemic. For a while, crypto's role in the illegal and gray area drug trade seemed swept under the rug, or at least it was not getting the attention it could have, which is good and which the Fed shuttered back in 2013. It's good because some people have a tendency to moralize about drug use, and the less crypto is linked to crime in general, the less the entire industry will be stigmatized. However, it would arguably be better to be upfront about such things, assuming they're going on, as data now suggests. If crypto ever has a shot at finding a killer use case, or mass user base who understands why blockchains are important. U .S. Senator Elizabeth Warren, a Democrat from Massachusetts, is calling for a greater crypto crackdown following new research from blockchain analytics firms Chainalysis and Elliptic that found Bitcoin and Tether, or USDT, have become cornerstone to the global fentanyl trade. These are the same research companies that put out annual reports showing a fraction of a fraction of crypto transactions can be tied to illicit use. Quote, crypto is helping fund the fentanyl trade and we have the power to shut that down, Warren said, continuing, it's time. End quote. The Senator is a longtime critic of crypto, who recently made an incomprehensible anti -crypto army campaign part of her re -election bid. But does the Senator have a point? I already know what the crypto faithful will say. Chainalysis estimates less than 1 % of total crypto transactions are related to crime, so it doesn't matter if Chainalysis is now saying there's evidence. At least $37 .8 million worth of crypto was sent to drug manufacturers in China since 2018. But hold that thought, we'll get back to it. First, let's try to place crypto's alleged use for drug sales in the context of the global drug trade. To start, it's difficult to judge just how large the fentanyl economy is, because it is, by nature, kept mostly out of sight. But if Chainalysis and ellipsis figures are to be meaningful, they need context. According to one source Chainalysis cited, total quote chemical exports, end quote, from China, assumed by most authorities to be the largest manufacturer and exporter of black and gray market drugs, surpassed $100 billion in 2021 alone.
Discerning Hearts - Catholic Podcasts
Fresh update on "nature" discussed on Discerning Hearts - Catholic Podcasts
"The only point in which I do not agree with Feuerbach, Marx wrote to Ruge Oruga on March 13th, 1843, is that to my mind, he attaches too much importance to nature and not enough to politics. That's, again, another key motif here, I think, in this new humanism of the 19th century is the subjugating of reason to power. Feuerbach's talking too much about nature, he's talking rationally. No, we don't need all that reason. What we need is politics. What we need is power. We need power to put principles into practice. Another interesting quote by Marx, page 41 here, the religion of the workers has no God, Marx wrote halfway down the page, because it seeks to restore the divinity of man. Again, I just wish he could get Marx in a room and ask him what he means by the divinity of man, because if man's not made in God's image, what does he mean by man being divine? It seems to me at this point, this is an oxymoron. Well, except that that's Feuerbach's point is that all these attributes we give to God are really ours, and we misattributed them, and we should take them back. So we humanize the word divine and make it human. Exactly. Where are we? But the point is, yeah, somewhere in the book chapter he says, however, this does not elevate man, it debases God. What happens? And when you debase God, you debase man. That's where it goes. Right, exactly. So page 43, again, it's just irony here. This is Nietzsche's memoirs. At the time when he was at work on his memoirs, those memoirs in which Nietzsche himself, oh no, this is Wagner. Wagner's memoirs, how about that? Corrected the proofs, sorry? These are Wagner's memoirs that he has Nietzsche correct. I know, exactly. Wagner still consider Feuerbach the quote, only real philosopher of modern times, and both representative of the radical and categorical liberation of the individual.
AP News Radio
Bob Myers departing as Warriors president, GM after 4 NBA titles, 11 seasons
"Bob Myers is departing as president and general manager of the Golden State Warriors after building a championship team that captured four titles in an 8 year span and reached 5 straight NBA Finals from 2015 to 2019. One of the most successful GMs over the past decade in any sport, Myers contract was set to expire in late June. The 48 year old Myers became an agent before emerging as a top NBA executive with a personable nature who regularly attended practices to chat with players, coach Steve Kerr, and his assistants. I'm get cool ball.
Evening News with Art Sanders
Fresh update on "nature" discussed on Evening News with Art Sanders
"93 I'm Walter Radliff it's 18 after insurance companies way covering wildfire when America in the morning returns after these messages prescription products require completion of an online consultation with an independent healthcare provider and are only available if prescribed subscription required additional restrictions apply see website for more details safety and information want to get FDA approved generic Viagra sent to your door and get your first month free Rex MD has made the process incredibly simple here's what Rex MD patients are saying the process with Rex MD was really easy you go online you answer the medical questions I didn't have to call a doctor they made it fast and simple I order it medication is at my house within a couple of days I can tell my wife is happier I am definitely happier much your consultation is free your shipping is free and your first month is free generic Viagra starting at just dollars two per tablet at free Rex MD comm my partner thinks that I am a rock star it's life -changing it's literally life -changing I wish I hadn't waited as long as I did to try Rex MD go to freerexmd .com to get started right now and get your first month free that's Rex comm MD what if you could help turn back the clock and help your dog play like a puppy again no matter their age introducing dr. Marty pets nature's blend a premium freeze -dried raw dog food called the miracle worker by Forbes magazine dr. Marty is now helping dog parents right at home I've helped countless dogs thrive with one simple concept your dog needs a high meat diet similar to what their ancestors ate the in wild nature's blend is designed to support your dog's healthy lifespan with turkey beef salmon duck seeds veggies and fruit and with zero artificial preservatives when given the choice between nature's blend and Amazon's number one
Mark Levin
Drag Queen Pattie Gonia Says ‘Come Out’ in North Face Pride Ad
"There's a drag queen whose name is apparently Patagonia Who's now promoted north face north face is a brand many of you know it's hiking camping outdoor granola brand I have a north face fleece In fact I think everybody I knew in high school or college had north face fleeces They're an outdoor outfitter They watch these controversies and they came out with their one minute advertisement The one minute advertisement is a drag queen telling you to come out for summer Now understand everything you're about to hear is coming from a drag queen in the gay pride colors And this is what it sounds like Hi it's me Patagonia a real-life homosexual And today I'm here with the north face We are here to invite you to come out In nature with us Wow this is nice We like to call this little tour The summer of pride This tour has everything hiking community art lesbians lesbians making art Last year we guess our shade across the nation and celebrated pride across the nation with hundreds of you across the nation This year we're back back back again with two new stops Atlanta GA Why Because you're there In Salt Lake City we're coming for you Here we go Of course This year all these fabulous speakers will be coming from inside this TV to a nature near you So come outside and celebrate the beautiful LG HGTV community A real life gang Yes Patagonia promoting north face summer of pride encouraging your kids you to come out And enjoy being gay because that's a real live gay person
WTOP 24 Hour News
Fresh update on "nature" discussed on WTOP 24 Hour News
"For good corporate citizenship. Learn more simple ideas that you can start putting into practice to make an impact at kp .org slash WTOP. There's a right way and a wrong way to fight off mosquitoes. Karate chopping air the in a public place in front of your kids and their friends is the wrong way. Using STEM mosquito repellent is the right way STEM effectively repels mosquitoes by harnessing active ingredients found in plants like lemongrass and peppermint, making it safe for use as directed around people and pets. STEM, rooted in nature, optimized by science and embarrassment free. Success is picking up extra shifts but now you want to be the boss.
AP News Radio
'Mother Nature has no mercy': Man gets stuck waist-deep in Alaska mud flats, drowns as tide comes in
"A man gets stuck waist deep in mudflats in Alaska and drowns before rescuers could get to him. Christy Peterson, with the hope sunrise volunteer fire department who was one of the rescuers, says Alaska can be amazing and beautiful, but. You have to remember that it's mother nature. And she has no mercy. 20 year old Zachary reporter from Illinois was walking on tidal mudflats with friends in a remote area Sunday when it happened. It can suck you down. It looks like it's solid, but it's not. And once the tide starts to come in, it gets wet from the bottom and can loosen up, which then creates a vacuum. Signs are posted warning people of hazardous waters and mud flats at turning in arm, a 48 mile long glacier carved estuary that travels southeast from anchorage. Its claimed at least three other lives and many more have been rescued. I'm Julie Walker.
AP News Radio
Sustainable till death do us part, and 45 days beyond; mushroom coffin a last best wish for some
"For those seeking to live in the most sustainable way, then that is an afterlife too. A Dutch company is now growing coffins by putting mycelium the root structure of mushrooms together with hemp fiber in a special mold that in a week turns into what could basically be compared to the looks of an unpainted Egyptian sarcophagus, and while traditional wooden coffins come from trees that can take decades to grow in years to break down in the soil, the mushroom versions, biodegrades, and delivers the remains to nature in barely a month and a half, with climate consciousness and a special care for nature of focal point in evermore lives the novel initiative may offer a solution. For those wanting to live the full circle of life and then some I'm Charles De Ledesma
AP News Radio
On this week's AP Religion Roundup, a new film explores faith and growing up, and CeCe Winans talks about her career in contemporary Christian music.
"On this week's AP religion roundup, a new film explores faith and growing up and Celine and talks about her career in contemporary Christian music. Dear lord. I want to reflect your holiness. Laurel par met's directorial debut, the starling girl puts the viewer in the modest shoes of a 17 year old named Jim. The main character has grown up in a conservative Christian community. He lies a scanlon who plays Jim, says the movie tackles sensitive subjects. The film in a greater sense, I think, explores abusive relationships and I think it does a really good job at not falling into a stereotype. Ren Schmidt plays Jim strict mother. She says the film explores how everyone's lives are shaped by beliefs. All of these characters in a way are held back or confined by their belief system. I think that's definitely something that is something that we can all identify with. The starling girl is in wide release this weekend. Lord we are ready for more Cece wine and singing career spans more than 40 years, recording and performing both as a solo artist and as a duo with her brother Bebe. AP's Hillary Powell spoke to sisi during her first tour in a decade. So many songs have gotten people through, including goodness of God. But there's also like a contemporary nature to your music as well. How has that kind of helped maybe speak to different audiences? It wasn't a strategic plan to be played outside of the walls of church, but we loved contemporary music and not just contemporary we loved it all. But BB and I chose to go that route because as he would write and we would sit down and see how these songs would go, it just became our style. And I think that proves that God is for every part of our lives. Cece winance has sold 17 million records worldwide, and won many awards, but she says spending time with her grandchildren tops the list. I'm Walter ratliff.
AP News Radio
Biden cancels planned visit to Australia, Papua New Guinea to focus on debt limit talks
"President Biden is postponing part of an upcoming overseas trip, so he can focus on talks over the debt limit. With the potential default looming, House speaker Kevin McCarthy had questioned the president's travel plans. I don't think I'd spend 8 days out of the country. And now the president won't. I'm cutting my trip short. I'm postponing the Australian portion of the trip and my trip to my stop and Papua New Guinea. So he can be back for final talks with McCarthy and other leaders. The president will still travel to Japan for this week's G 7 summit. The nature of the presidency is addressing many of the critical matters all at once. Still the postponements of foreign policy set back for an administration that's put a bigger focus on the Pacific region. Sagar Meghani, Washington.
HASHR8
The Rise of Ordinal Inscriptions
"Give us a lay of the land on ordinals what's going on this week. So I guess refresher like water ordinal drying or nose is just kind of like an accountant standard of looking at Bitcoin, right? There's been no changes to Bitcoin that relate to this. It's kind of like you're running outside software and you're just looking at the chain a little bit. And the way you look at that is by numbering Bitcoin supply from zero to 21 million. And it's actually the smallest denomination of Bitcoin. So like one sat right to the 8th decimal place. But it's actually one that my math was right, like 2.1 quadrillion, something like that. And the idea is that if you do that, you have an idea of a certain code for each unit, then there's a kind of by nature non thunderbolt. them. And so the whole ordinal staying what people are doing where they were inscribing the sads, they're using some pretty sophisticated methods. And embedding them with different files. And so this started the wave, a lot called inscriptions, on Bitcoin, which have some, I guess, competition with the NFT space on other platforms where you can have like a jpeg attached to essentially a token, which in the sense it is a top sheet. Okay, so that's like the background, right? And then what happened lately is people doing kind of what the old operator and protocol is used to do, where, instead of just having kind of an NFT comment like a persistent jpeg attached to a specific satoshi, they were attaching fungible tokens, you're issuing an asset. Think of like a stablecoin or like a meme corner or something like that. And this was how tether kind of first originated on Bitcoin. And so the standard came out called BRC 20, kind of a nod to the ERC 20 standard on Ethereum that is how assets get issued there. And so let's see, instead of in Betty in like a jpeg file type to a satoshi, they would embed like a JSON, right? Like a certain text. That was structured in the same way each time. So you could basically trace and see these assets, whether it be a mint or a transfer, et cetera. If you're a programmer, it's just a dictionary, right? JSON. And so what's happened is people are basically minting a bunch of assets.
The Charlie Kirk Show
Peter Schweizer Relays All the Latest Biden Corruption News
"Schweitzer is on with me. He is senior contributor for Breitbart News. President of the government accountability institute. He is a podcaster. He's got the drill down podcast and perhaps the most important conservative author, working period, as well as my friend Peter, what's up? Good morning. Hey, Alex, it's great to be here with you. How you doing? Peter, as usual, we have nothing good to talk about as much as I would like to talk to you about positive things. There's only negative things to get to. But I want to get your thoughts on, first of all, some of the Biden investigations and then some of what's going on with the U.S. China relations. But let's start with there's two sort of competing revelations that we've been seeing coming out of Washington Republicans trying to investigate the bidens. Your world famous for your reporting on the Biden crime family. So we've got the House oversight committee that has just this week revealed that Hunter Biden perhaps got received a bribe directed towards Joe Biden for about a million bucks. This doesn't seem to be entirely fresh, but it was certainly framed to us as if it was fresh. Let's just start there evaluate first of all, give me what we learned if you learned anything from it. Maybe you didn't. And then give me what you think this means in the grand scheme of things. Yeah, Alex, I think the thing we have to keep in mind with this congressional committee is it's going to move slow just by its nature. And it's being driven by their access to records they've subpoenaed. They've been focusing primarily on the banking records associated with the Biden family and the myriad of Biden LLCs that they've set up. Thus far, they've obtained records from four of what are believed to be 12 banks that the Biden family had financial transactions through. And out of those four banks, we've now got about $10 million in foreign money coming to the bidens. And it's the committee is reiterated and as you and I have made the point really since 2018 when we first broke this story, there's no discernible business at the bidens have. I mean, there's no service, there's no product. They don't bring any capital to the table. The business seems to be them getting money for some possible future business that never materializes. And I think that's just a way to mask the fact that they are receiving money from foreign entities.
AP News Radio
Zelenskyy barred from addressing 'nonpolitical' Eurovision Song Contest
"The European song contest has barred Ukraine president volodymyr zelensky from addressing the final of the pan continental music competition. Zelensky had been expected to use a video address on Saturday to urge the world continue its support for Ukraine's fight to repel Russian invasion. Now the European broadcasting union says letting zelensky participate would bridge the non political nature of the event overtly political lyrics, signs and symbols are banned at Eurovision, but politics can't be shut out entirely. Russia was banned from the contest after it had invaded Ukraine last year. Last year's contest was won by Ukraine and the UK has
AP News Radio
Long popular in Asia, floating solar catches on in US
"Law and popular in Asia floating solar is catching on as an energy source in the U.S. floating solar panel farms have been an attractive and affordable idea to get electricity for communities that don't have a lot of land. Shayna white with Duke Energy says they're launching a small floating solar pilot in barto Florida. The floating solar is nice. We'll be able to use different bodies of water that aren't really used for recreational purposes. The study published in the journal nature sustainability found thousands of cities. More than 6124 countries could generate an amount equal to all their electricity demand using floating solar, Chris bartle is with the solar company seal and tear. Asia, especially island nations like Japan and Taiwan, were very keen on floating solar because they just didn't have a lot of land for large scale ground mount solar. Floating solar attaches panels onto rafts, so they float on water instead of blocking off land. I'm Ed Donahue
The Eric Metaxas Show
What Made Brandon Straka Stick His Neck Out?
"The same question to you, Brennan strock. What do you suppose it was in you that said, I'm going to stick my neck out there. I know I'm going to be vilified. But what was there a moment or how did that happen for you? Well, I think by nature, I am a rebellious person, and I'm comfortable being rebellious, it's like not wearing a tie right now, for example, super rebellious. What is wrong with you? Probably the most rebellious thing I've ever done. No, I think there's that. I'm comfortable not going along with the herd or the flow. But that stems from a place ultimately that I care about people. And I actually care about people individually and I care about the collective as well. As I have told you before, I mean, the whole reason why I wanted to speak out about insert walk away was because ultimately I realized I was being lied to and manipulated. I realized that black and brown and LGBT people and immigrants and all different kinds of people are being manipulated. And I realized that this division that exists in our culture doesn't have to exist. We're all being exploited. We're being used. We're being manipulated. I wanted to do something about it. So I mean, believe me at boomerangs, it's backfired in my face, numerous times. For people who haven't woken up yet, I'm extremely hated by black and brown and LGBT people who don't yet understand what I'm doing. But someday they will. And I think that it'll be appreciated that I spoke out at some point or so I hope. Or I'll be dead for one
The Dan Bongino Show
Kayleigh McEnany: Combatting Critical Race Theory & Segregation
"In the last segment before you came on Kayleigh we were discussing the story in the Washington times about how colleges are moving towards again segregated graduation ceremonies Now Kaylee I don't know about you but segregation is a pretty bad idea I am reasonably confident knowing you like I know you're like wait no that doesn't sound good We shouldn't be doing that but we're going back to this craziness again because as your book hits we're not anchored in any sense of morality anymore These liberals are just dissolving any attachment to God or anything like that Yeah well said I mean I write in the book about education And it's too prong And you just nailed it I mean there's critical rates theory and then there's critical gender theory And on the prong of critical race theory is this belief that you are evil by nature because of the way you are born in your skin color that the white person's the oppressor in the black person is the oppressed and it's this continuum from the moment of birth So kids are being taught this and it's wrong of course and we disagree with it But then you go to the segregation element which I also write about because there's an Atlanta school where a mom named kyla posey said that they were actually segregating kids not a graduation but in the classroom by race and when she raised a complaint about it they said oh no no we don't do that and they fix the problem But how wrong you know Brown V board of education separate but equal is inherently unequal What are we doing as a country And on the gender issue I mean you know people say it's about LGBTQ No this is about parents rights Being involved if a child wants to transition their gender in professes this to a teacher there are statewide policies that keep you from sharing that with the parent and some of these blue states and how scary is this This is about parents rights
The Eric Metaxas Show
Kevin McCullough and Eric Discuss the Elites' War on Common Sense
"And gentlemen, this is the death by murder of common sense. You do not need to be very smart to have common sense basic wisdom about why you have a military why you have a police force. Why you have a government that there are men and there are women. All of these things are basic, they're true. If you have common sense, you understand them, but we now have cultural elites who are effectively at war with common sense at war with reality at war with nature and at war with nature's God. We have to understand they have essentially lost their minds. They've lost the ability to think rationally. We have allowed them to take power and they are destroying our country. And when you share that with me, Kevin, it doesn't seem possible. That this is real. But I know it is real. What you just shared with me is real that there are people that ignorant and foolish, quote unquote, leading our nation, leading us. But they're even proud about the foolishness. This is the really kind of insane thing. It's not just that they have a bad idea. It's that they believe that that bad idea is superior and that you and I and people that actually think about these things and kind of process them and then try to put a plus B plus C together and come up with whatever it is. We can't decipher what they're actually saying because none of it's based on actual fact. And so we're the rubes because we're asking the questions and they're not supposed to be questioned. Secretary Granholm was very dismissive of senator Ernst issue. And all senator Ernst said was, I don't want the lethality of our military to be lessened by even one ounce. And that's the right position to have. We haven't imagined this needs to be said. Can we even imagine why not just abolish the military? I mean, if you don't understand the point of having a military, why have a military
Mark Levin
The Real Cost of Achieving Carbon Neutrality
"They're talking about being carbon neutral by what was a 2050 mister producer In about 25 years if we spend $50 trillion and it's more than that As those expenses resonate throughout the economy it's much more than that It's hard to believe but it is What he's saying there is even when we're done Because of the rest of the world we will not be carbon neutral Let's take it another step What does that mean What it means is the extent to which the United States government becomes a police state And controls your life and your lifestyle By claiming to have the ability to control the climate Man-made A man-made and man has to deal with him That not only will they be changing our form of government and our economic system now but forever Even if we in the United States are carbon neutral Whatever the hell that means I don't even know what that means Not because I'm stupid because they don't know what it means I can get show you that Joe Biden doesn't know what it means He doesn't even know what carbon is but that said What the deputy secretary there is actually saying is there will be no limit ever ever To our power to re-engineer to rejigger human nature None And that will be our new constitution
Mark Levin
Two Definitions of a 'Political Party'
"Let me read a quote to you And we will jump into the other stuff Soon enough A political party is an organized attempt To get control of the government A political party is organized attempt To get control of the government Let me do it without coughing A political party is an organized attempt to get control of the government Schneider who was a political scientist fairly well known In the middle of the last century Interesting is it In many ways it's correct A political party is an organized attempt to get control of the government But things are a little different today In several respects but let me speak to the main ones For the Democrat party a political party is an organized attempt to get control of the government And keep it For the Democrat party it's an attempt to get control of the government and keep it and have a one party state That's why they tried to change the voting system That's why they try to pack the Supreme Court That's why they do what they do in the states And that's when you know you're dealing with a party that is totalitarian and nature There's the Democrat party is
Nature Podcast
"nature" Discussed on Nature Podcast
"Fifty to one hundred fifty times lower than those currently being used in clinical trials of gene therapy for the condition. You'll say that smaller doses of carrier virus could reduce the side effects of the therapy. Take a look at that researching full in south finally on this week show. It's time for the briefing chat where we discussed some of the stories that have caught our eye from the nature briefing no. Why don't you go first this week. What are they got so. I've not really got a new story as such but it is an article that was in physics world all about the sun's corona now. I'm gonna pre emptive this discussion with i am not a physicist. But i'm gonna try to give you a little overview of what was talked about in this article about the corona and when we talk about the current i guess when there's an eclipse across the sun you can see kind of the edge. You shouldn't have had it right super dangerous but you can see this kind of maelstrom of of of sunlight. And that is the corona right. Yeah exactly in a solar eclipse. this'll fit that shines out over the outside of what the moon blocks looks a little bit like crown. Which is why corroded comes from is. What the sun's corona is now in the past the only time you'd have already been to see that is during eclipse because otherwise it's too fantasy but there are also other tools that developed in the twenty s called corona graphs. Which are essentially little artificial moons inside telescopes that block out the sun and so allow you to see these very very faint wispy interesting plasma surges. Which is what the kroner is made of and allow scientists to study them and they're very interested in the corona on wiley interested in it right now that it had been studying since the twenties. It's something you come up while the first actual drawings of the crater were literally centuries ago. We're not really sure how people saw that. Because at that point it would have had to be during the clips. And they're not very common anyway. The big dilemma. Which is what's go- astrophysicists interested. Is that the corona is about a million times dimmer than the sun and yet it is about a million times hotter than the surface of the sun and we know that because we can measure that and there's a lot of questions as to how something that is so dim could also be so hot and how that fits with the way that the son works as well and it has been literally decades and decades of study to try to answer this question and the spoiler. I'm not going to give you an answer. They still don't know really what this article was doing was trying to run through some of the possible ways in which the sun's corona could be created. Well so what's being done then to figure out what's going on said for a long time. Scientists have been trying to study it using various mission so back in the seventies one of the big leaps that was made was a mission from nasa could skylab which went up into the atmosphere to study extreme ultraviolet rays and x rays and that found the krona was emitting tons and tons of these heidi charged particles which are raining down over earth and thankfully because of our magnetic field. We're protected from the west of them but they can screw around with all kinds of other stuff. They can cause electricity blackouts grids even despite magnetic field they interrupt various technologies in space and wreaking havoc with anything through the radio equipment so very very important and throughout the second mobile the throne was also studied for this very same reason. Both sides invented their own versions of corona graphs because they're aware that the corona could interrupt things like navigation equipment so out of all of this study and there is still studied. That's going on today. There's currently a j. stationary mission. Cooled the senate. Amex observatory another nasa mission. That has been taking an image of the sun on its kroner every second twenty four hours a day seven days a week since two thousand ten but all of this research has kind of thrown up a bunch of different theories so it's almost any to do with magnetic energy in some ways but then there's questions around things will not flare. Something could alvin waves a lot. Scientists will say it's just as case of turbulence but yeah a lot of research into it on this show we often cover the you know incremental state of science and trying to work things out on this. What do you think scientists are clear on. What do you think needs to be done to. Whittled down the competing. Hypotheses i think scientists and again i based on this article a relatively clear on where the energy comes from so the sun creates energy for its own existence in its core fusion reactions and about not point nor not one percent of energy that's created is converted into what's called free magnetic energy and there have calculations have shown that this free magnetic energy is enough to power the corona now. The thing that's confusing people is how the energy gets from being this ordered free magnetic energy in the middle of the sun to this disappointed wispy very hot result surrounding outside of the sun pub. The difficulty is that the thought is the coronas made up of plasma and plasma is essentially liquid in many ways than liquids are as anyone studied fluid dynamics will know notoriously hard to study and then electric fields get involved but plasma electric fields also gets very very complicated on these kinds of scales and there's a magnetic field generated by the sun and that actually caused an entire field of study called magneto hydrodynamics to be launched by a man could hands often for it to you eventually won the nobel prize his studies and again that was back in the forties. An awful lot has happened. And i'm not going to be able to tell you what needs to be done to change it. But i do think that there's a lot of reasons the fisa gonna wanna keep working on it because it has really big implications for things like fusion reactors for example is sort of golden goose of many scientists to create unlimited free energy using fusion. If we can understand how energy is transported from the fusion reaction in the center the sun to the kroner we could have a lot better understanding of how to make better fusion reactors in the future because a lot.
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"Like ten thousand kilometers away at connected and what what's going on in wine eco-systems acting on the other one for music. Pretty amazing these why. It's so important to the iron and any kind of results. That brings i don into the southern ocean waters because we know that you can even modify governed cycle at the global scale. It sounds like there's actually quite a complex set of interactions going on here that you've potentially got climate change which is leading to more wildfires which could potentially affect marine ecosystems and then that in turn is going to impact the climate and have a further impact on wildfires. You're absolutely right because phytoplankton is like any plant that we have at home deb sauce. Mca to an oxygen. During photosynthesis the difficult thing to know. Here's that winds up has observed discovered and has metabolize. It does discovering it stays in the surface and goes again into the atmosphere or it goes into the deep ocean if it goes into devotion then it means that you're sequestering discount for hundreds of years of four thousand even but if he stays in surface than then it doesn't change anything so that that's a big knowledge gap right now. That was joanne loot. Speaking to another jacob you also heard from e tang you can find a link to the paper in the show notes and that's all we've got time for on this week. Show join us again. Next time for more stories from the world of science. And don't forget that. In the meantime you can drop us a line either on twitter app nature podcast or email podcast app. Nature dot com. I'm benjamin thompson and i'm shamanee bundle. Thanks for listening..
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"Culture. It's not appealing to most of the youth. Because it's not like agriculture at large including fisheries in the oecd countries. It's very traditional is not encompassing enough innovation because of the cost so if we wanna really bring us back to agriculture we need to modernize it and modernize in a way that works for small smallholder elise and middle income countries so there is a lot of momentum towards food system transformation already this year. We've seen a lot of preparation for example towards the food system summit. What's the prospects for the future. How quickly can we transform the food systems. When can we reach food security on a global scale. That's a difficult question sincerely. Magdalena because see we had the plan since two thousand fifteen we have the twenty thirty development agenda and we had really very clear targets there that hopefully we will end hanger poverty and many other things by twenty thirty. What we know right now is that we are not on track but the side of it is that in my mind. There is so many low hanging fruit that will require coalition of winning government as take quarter to make it happen like if we can only think about ways than blas. We have about more than thirty four percent of our food from the blue food to others. That's our waste all loss. There is a huge pollution. That really is affecting the blue food production and the quality of the food per se. That could be also quite easy to manage to the proper policies to the proper guidelines the proper reforms and the proper incentives as well. There is many things that could be done. If we are really taken a global action in a nutshell. It's very hard to give a year. We all were aiming for twenty thirty but in the same time that is many things that we could do to speed up the process. I will really that. The food system summit will allow us to identify and to bring in all the stakeholder to have a to transformation that will allow us to at least stay within the targets of twenty years. That was mahan el-alfy chief scientist for the fao to find out more about the blue food assessment and to read the research papers the associated comment articles and editorial lookout for link in this week. Show notes coming up. We'll be hearing more about the world's oceans and how australia's recent wildfires affected the growth of marine phytoplankton before that vote dumb. Fox's hit with this week's research highlights squeamish about syringes. No this about needles. If so you're not alone. Many people around the.
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"Bundle annoying benjamin thompson next week is the united nations food systems summit. This is a global meeting of heads of state and other key stakeholders which aims to bring about changes to the world food production systems to help meet the un's sustainable development goals. This project looks at so-called blue foods things like plants animals and algae from freshwater and marine environments. It explores the role that could play in feeding the world's population in a healthy sustainable and equitable way over the coming decades to find out more about the role of blue foods in future food systems. Nature's editor in chief. Magdalena skipper spoke with ispahan el-wafi chief scientist of the food and agriculture organization of the united nations. Better known as the f. his montelena. I'm really delighted. Is the hand that you've agreed to join me for this conversation. Not least because twenty twenty one is a course really important year for the food systems. Could you give us a sense of the global problem with the current food system and how can blue. Food provide a solution to contribute to the solution. I think that when we talk about security and nutrition security. We don't need to define it anymore. We we know very well that we are losing ground. Now we know that we have eight hundred. Eleven million people that are facing anger and the numbers are not reduced that gerwin by today. And that's where if we can find system that's are producing more nutritious food. That are more environmental for the population on this planet earth. This is a must. We have to invest in it. And that's what blew. Food are very important to really provide us with more nutrition and more food for this growing population too many when we think about food production we predominantly associate that with land based production. We know that blue foods are connected with the rest of the food system and yet policies that govern aquatic international food production largely silent. D- do you anticipate this to change. It has to change because we find they are looking at the whole food system. So i think it-it's needed. It's a bit more complex than to restore your production. Because of the geographic spreading of aution officiant algae's and aquatic plants that complexity that we have to find a way around to assess protected and manage it properly but there is also i think more and more interested in understanding how could we produce more so there is many areas that could be developed and it has to be tackled as the population is growing and as we are not able to produce more on the earth per se but rather beginning to be producing less because of the climate change because of the heating then the pressure on food and nutrition. Come in from the proof. Food geena rising quite a lot. So you very appropriately wove into the discussion. The issue of climate change more broadly. Of course one cannot talk about food. Production without thinking about its environmental impact. One of the blue food assessment papers and of course many other publications also evaluate this environmental impact for aquatic foods in particular and identifies opportunities for directing policies toward supporting particular aquatic food types that minimize environmental impact these recommendations though are of course based on models. Can you comment on. How useful modeling like this is so muslim is very important and your model as good as what data basis you have develop and what information you got in so the more data that we have the better. Our outcomes are closer to the reality. Over the last twenty years there is more and more interest on carbon footprint and good assessment of carbon footprint in blue food or plant based or through syria animals. And that's where it's very important that we identify alternatives that are less pollutant and we need really to develop policies and regulations and incentives around those low-carbon or zero carbon options. So this applies when in the blue food and if we targeted and if we tackle it and provide alternatives it's very important for us to go ahead with it and kayla to have the impact that we need to do before twenty thirty agenda before the twenty fifty. We have lots of very bad scenarios by twenty fifty by pcc deport. Let's talk about demand for particular types of food so there is in fact data from the fao as well as the world bank suggesting in fact strongly indicating that there is a steady growth in demand for aquatic foods. Should we in fact walk towards enhancing demand. And if so what do you envisage the best strategies for directing these diets requirements globally. So for me the demand will grow at there. We are pushing for it or not and the reason behind it is that the population is growing so the demand for food in general is growing we have also economic development in certain countries that would boost more consumption in those countries and brew. Food is how they call it. It's gonna win in interest the more we know about the nutritious values of the blue food. The more we're going to have demand for it so it's not matter i if it's the right thing to do or not but this is happening and the ecosystem would we have. The blue foods are very fragile. Ecosystems because of climate change and because of the pollutant. So it's very important for us to manage properly to make sure we are building a more resilient system more sustainable more inclusive and more equitable speaking of being inclusive both the blue food and terrestrial food production much of it of course is in the hands of small-scale produces and generally historically underappreciated constituencies such as for example women play a really important function in generating food for many communities. Do you think that we are making the most of their contributions to engineering reimagining of the food system both from that perspective but also indeed from the perspective of is the food system transformation. Being done the right way. The short end saramago nights. No most of the solution that were created over the last fifty years never made it to the farmers because most of those farmers are smallholders and because most of the solution would not create for them. It was much more created for larger commercial farming systems in general so we have really to look at what's more holders need and provide them with those solution and that's part of the deep transformation that we need in our food systems. The other area is the gender per se. It's really how could we work more with women. How could we provide them with the right solution that works better for their ecosystem for their communities for their production system the third component that he really very very interesting. And that's i have to say that. The u n foot system summit. It's trying to address. it's really the youth. And how could we provide a voice to the youth and bring them on board. How could we excite them again about the agri-food systems because in most of the lease and middle income countries our culture. It's not appealing to most of the youth. Because it's not like agriculture at large including fisheries in the oecd countries. It's very traditional is not encompassing enough innovation because of the cost so if we wanna really bring us back to agriculture.
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"All works from accumulating over that research in acs omega seabirds let the black winged petrol mason near the top of the food chain on phillip island fourteen hundred kilometers east of australia. But that chicks need to watch out for they might fall. Prey to voracious giant centipedes. Phillipines centipedes can reach nearly twenty five centimetres in length and have an appetite to match their size. Research has studying the feeding habits of these venomous offer. Poets have captured footage of the centipedes killing and feeding on petrol chicks. The teen calculated the number of chicks killed by centipedes an estimated that the offer pods could be killing eating as many as three thousand seven hundred cpa chicks each year while this research suggests centipedes play a significant role in influencing the petrels reproductive output. The team behind it also think that these enormous offer poets play an important role in distributing nutrients around the island. Read that research in the american naturalist next up reporter now. A baker has been thinking about batteries over the past few years electric car. Sales have soared as new tech and falling prices have begun to move electric cars into the mainstream. And it's a trend. That doesn't look to be slowing huge. Common factors like audi general motors have already announced commitments to stop producing cars. That run on fossil fuels within the next decade or so much of this change has been driven by the falling cost of batteries specifically lithium ion batteries. And that's.
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"Earn no sounds so simple no idea but now that they finally not only refreshing but but it's unbelievable astounding nature. Welcome back to the major podcast this week. The african researchers creating bespoke scientific terms and how sustainable is the electric car. Boom i'm shami banville benjamin thompson also signs about toilet. Sundays homeland wash new jersey. One we'll see so be this sibusiso. Speaking his native zulu or isuzu as it's known in south africa would end love cooler. It'd be sustained on a boubons. The lasagna easing is basically win. Walk aegon melinda. Yeah image speaking about a dinosaur known as let him heart bay which can sue to the language spoken it was discovered translates giant undeclared door banging assume for it was twice. This little was the wins luanne as a pillow and i'm flange lucella also. Science is semi. Do does appeals as a pilot and johnny would see but running a matombo montano gala team. Synthesis was asked to write an article about the dinosaur which recently been presented in a research paper in his native zulu. So the article just me explaining that the largest animal and earth today's and elephant the proportion and the construction of its limbs. It's very useful to carry. Its weight and that tells us a lot about how ancient animals like dinosaurs lived a long time ago now. Accurately describing a new scientific discovery can be tricky at the best of times but it can be even trickier when the language. You're using doesn't have words to describe certain scientific terms. I sip assist so discovered. I found in reading the paper that i didn't have the word for relatively simple scientific terms lia- fossil or even dinosaur and i found that very discouraging that something that's should be so simple as to write about the scientific discovery so difficult to do so i had to come up with my own way of trying to translate. Those scientific terms and coming up with words is not a simple as it sounds. What for instance is a dinosaur. The word is commonly used well understood fully integrated part of the english language. English speakers will likely know what to picture you say dinosaur but no such word exists in zulu..
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"One of the messages that comes through loud and clear in this report is that every degree every tenth of a degree of warming matters so at some point we have to kind of rain in emissions and halt this process. This is a message that scientists tend to focus on. It really is up to us. We have the power to stop emissions and we should have the motivation based on the information. This report to do so as soon as possible. We're only a few months away from the un climate change conference cop twenty six. When ozzy governments will get together to discuss. What can be done what they will do to try and tackle this problem. Do you think this report will move the needle at all. It's hard to say. Clearly governments have kind of woken up to this issue at least politically many countries including the uk. The united states even the european union have committed to net zero emissions by mid century. What we have yet to see is the kind of action on the ground. The kind of policies at the local and national level that will seriously begin to reduce emissions in a rapid way. So everybody's looking forward to glasgow to see whether governments will step up with additional commitments. But in some senses the bigger question is what happens after glasgow will governments come home and really kind of take their own commitment seriously. And begin to implement the policies that we need if we want to prevent warm in the future niches. jeff thompson that we'll put a link to jeffs new story about the ipcc's reports in the show notes that seoul for this week. If you wanna keep in touch rivers then follow us on twitter. Where at nature podcast. Or if you want to send us an email then we can be reached at podcast at nature dot com on. Nick patrick chow. And i'm benjamin thompson. Thanks for listening..
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"Getting from a to be is a complex process knowing where you are and figuring out where you're going requires many different types of brain so much of what we know about navigation and a neurological level has come from studies in rats watching which neurons lights up as an animal moves about space but there was a drawback to this as many of these studies have been done into d. Looking at a rat scurrying over a flat surface but as we know the world is a three d place and has its ups and downs. Of course different. Animals have different degrees of three-dimensionality in their movements. Are animals that fly or swim like bats or fish. Dolphins whale et cetera. And they really move strictly in three dimensional space. This is not enough ski from the weizman institute of science in israel this week in nature. He and his colleagues have paper out looking at how one particular group of neurons fire in three d. space to help an animal workout where it is specifically neck has been looking at grid cells which are pretty well understood in the two d. world grid cells are neurons which are activated whenever the animal. Rats usually traverse one of multiple locations in the room. And you could be activated in one location or a second location. Third location or fork location. And if you look at how are these locations arranging space. It turns out that the form hexagonal lattice much like a honeycomb so specific grid cells fire in multiple specific places in space forming this regular repeating hexagonal pattern. All that is which is thought to help an animal judge distances and know where it is. But what happens when you go from two d to three d. What would the pattern of grid cell. Firing look like would it be lots of hexagonal layers one on top of the other making an overall three d. hexagonal structure. Well this has been a long standing question in neuroscience and knock on wanted to find out and in fact the were theoretical predictions of what one might expect to get and this situation because this hexagonal lattice on a two dimensional surface. It's the best packing of circles on a plane. What we're after is to see whether these beautiful geometry exists also in three dimensional space and to answer this question we took sort of the most extreme three dimensional navigator among mammals. Which is the bat now has been using bats egyptian fruit bats specifically in his research for some time now and in this work encourage them to fly around a large room as he recorded wherein when the grid cells fired what we've done is we've placed between six and eleven little fears on which they can land and get a little bit of bananas and there were different heights all around the perimeter of the room but this one cartoon to fly through three dimensional space and we recorded the neural activity by using this wireless electrophysiology system that we've developed this neuro logger that allows to record neurons from the brain and store the data onboard the animals so by logging wearing three d space the bat screwed cells fight knock home and his colleagues could look to see what sort of pattern the activity took in the room. Did they find the hexagonal lattice pattern. So well defined into the short answer that we didn't find it didn't find even a single neuron that significantly and convincingly showed a hexagonal lattice so they didn't find the pattern that had been theorized. It's what we expected to get and will look for more than two years and you know. This research took many years in part because it took a several years to realize that we are sort of looking and look at look out not finding this. Okay now we need to re compute our very so to speak and rethink relic you for but after a lot of head-scratching in some complex mathematical modeling. That seem found that while there may not be this regular repeating pattern. That was expected to the good cells. Wasn't random either. What we looked at is a local distances between nearby fine field nearby greenfield's so each one of them can ask who are the three years neighboring spheres. I can look at those three distances. And then look at the next field those we nearest distance distances and we found that many of those sales there was a fixed distance or characteristic local distance between nearby fields instead of being a very ordered overall states with a perfect hexagonal lettuce. The team found a semi ordered organization. There were pockets of local order. Where the location. That neurons fired was close to others and these locations were always separated by a fixed distance. But of course this begs the question. Why is there one pattern for grid cells firing in two d. but another in three d. Well knock him suggests that they're actually part of the same system and it's the fixed distances between where the grid cells fire. That's the key what our results argue is that the exile structure is the secondary property. But what's more fundamental is. Actually the nearby fields have fixed distances from each other. And if you have that then in two dimensions you automatically get a second a lot in three dimensions. You'd get this order thing so it's sort of it puts the emphasis so to speak not on exceptional in into dimensions but on the fixed distances into dimensions so after a long time wondering it seems that is now. Have a better insight into how grit cells fire in three d. space but of course this is just one animal. The bat and one particular experimental setup another paper out today in nature neuroscience looked at rats able to climb in a three d. environment and showed a different pattern of activity although also not hexagonal pattern. So there's still lots to learn about how all this works. Regardless malcolm says that his finding might mean researchers will have to have a bit of a rethink when it comes to working out the mechanisms of how navigation works a lot of weight has been placed on a hexagonal system for good selectivity. That may differ from what's really happening so it will require quite some work to produce a model that on the one hand is consistent with the perfect beautiful exciting allowed. This is in two the but on the other hand can produce this semi organized or locally organized fields in three d. so this is a major challenge for the field and challenges.
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"Corona pulled in the show. We're going to bring you nature's take on the latest mid-nineteen nineteen developments speaking to experts around the world about research during the pandemic. we're entering a new era new strategies. There's some new eye knowns and we've got a vaccine unwelcome to karenna pod. I'm no vega and we've been away for a week but now we're back with a topic which has been requested many many times on twitter via email and the person that's here to talk to us about said topic is reporter sara. Ridden sarah how you fine. How are you. i'm very well. Thank you so the topic that i alluded to is. I've connected so. This is a widely used anti-parasitic drug and has been the center of an awful lot of talk throughout this pandemic about whether or not it might be useful in the treatment of covert nineteen. Now there's an awful lot to dig into here. But first sarah why have people looked towards either. Met in at all in this panic like you said. It's a cheap widely available drug. It's used for larry parasitic infections around the world. In lab experiments it's been shown to have some antiviral properties and so people started looking into whether it might be effective against this disease as well. Can you tell me a little bit. About what evidence that has been up until this point about how effective ivermectin might be. Yeah the evidence has been really conflicting. There have been dozens of studies done on it because there is so much demand in the developing world for something that is cheaper and easier to access than a monoclonal antibody cocktail or even the vaccines which are not widely available throughout much of the world. Right now so lots of researchers have been studying ivermectin and done clinical trials. Those clinical trials have been varying equality though some are very large
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"The huge progress. We're making cleaner energy to help. Save our planet. Listen wherever you get your po- casts and follow us to make sure you don't miss an episode. Welcome to this audio long. Read from nature in this episode. How ancient people fell in love with bread beer and overcomes written by andrew curry unread by me. Nick patrick chow on a clear day. That view from the ruins of go beckley tetteh stretches across turkey. All the way to the syrian border some fifty kilometers away at eleven thousand six hundred years old. This mountaintop archaeological site has been described as the world's oldest temple so ancient in fact there's t shaped pillars and circular enclosures. Predate pottery in the middle east. The people who built these monumental structures were living just before a major transition in human history. The neolithic revolution when humans began farming domesticating crops and animals book there are no signs domesticated grain ago. Beckley tap pay suggesting these residents haven't yet made the leap to farming. The ample animal bones found in the ruins. Proof that the people living there were accomplished hunters and there are signs of massive feasts. Archaeologists have suggested that mobile bands of hunting average from all across the region came together at times for huge barbecues and that these meaty feasts led them to build the impressive stone structures now. That view is changing. Thanks to researches. Such is lower dietrich at the german archaeological institute in berlin over the past four years dietrich has discovered the people who built these ancient structures. Were fueled by that. Foles of courage and stew made from grain. The ancient residents had ground unprocessed on an almost industrial scale the clues from beckley tat revealed that ancient humans relied on grains much earlier than was previously thought. Even before there is evidence that these plants were domesticated and dietrich's work is part of a growing movement to take a closer look at the role that grains and other starches had in the diet of people in the past. The researchers are using a wide range of techniques from examining microscopic marks on ancient tools to analyzing dna residues inside pots. Some investigators are even experimentally recreating twelve thousand vote meals using methods from that time looking even further back evidence suggests that people eight starchy plant more than a hundred thousand years ago taken together. These discoveries tread the longstanding idea. The early people subsisted mainly meet a view. The fueled support for the paleo diet popular in the united states and elsewhere which recommends avoiding drains and over starches. the knee work fills a big hole in the understanding of the types of food. That made ancient dance. We're reaching a critical mass of material to realize there's a new category. We've been missing. Say story and fuller an archea botanist at university college london dietrich's discoveries about the feast at beckley tat started at the site rock garden. That's the name archaeologist dismissively gave a nearby field where they don't bustle grinding stance limestone troughs and over large pieces of worked stone found amid the rubble as excavations continued over the past two decades. The collection of grinding stones quietly grew say's dietrich. Nobody fought about them when she started. Cataloging them in twenty sixteen. She was stunned at the sheer numbers. The garden covered an area the size of a football field and contained more than ten thousand grinding stones. A nearly six hundred fifty carve stone platters and vessels some big enough to hold up to two hundred liters of liquid dietrick says no of a settlement in the near east has so many grinding stones even in the late neolithic when agriculture was already well established and they have a whole spectrum of stone pots in every thinkable size. Why so many stone vessels. She suspected that they were for grinding. Grain to produce porridge and beer archaeologist had long argued that stone vats at the site where evidence of occasional ceremonial big consumption. A beckley pay but volt of it as a rare treat teasing answers from the stones. There and oversight is not a simple process in. Archaeology is much easier to spot evidence of meat meals. The ones based on grains or over plans does because the bones of butchered animals fossilized much more readily than do remains of a vegetarian feast. The fragile nature of ancient plant remains makes archea. Botany the study of how ancient people use plants. Tricky time consuming work researches you saves fine mesh and book is to wash and separate debris from archaeological sites tiny bits of organic material. Such as seeds child would burn food float to the top while heavier and rock sink. The vast majority of what emerges amounts to.
Nature Podcast
"nature" Discussed on Nature Podcast
"Check out sarah's paper and news and views article written by laura in the show notes following the show. It's time for the briefing check where we talk about some of the latest stories that have been highlighted in the nature briefing and show me. What have you been reading this week. So there was an article in nature this week about the use of monkeys for research focused in the. Us how there's been a massive shortage of primates in general available for research roy. And what's been causing this shortage. Then show me. I think i've got a fair idea. But i'm right. So as a result of cove it a lot of primary research centers had to do some emergency prioritising working out who needs monkeys four vaccine and treatment testing without losing the research projects for other diseases. That also need those animals. However seems actually. There's been no shortage from even before kovac's which is why the government will already pushing some extra money in and then with cove as well. There was some sort of emergency funding. That went in. And yeah overall. The government has been investing a large amount into sort of redoing these facilities and expanding them to allow them to house more animals so this investment than from the. Us government isn't necessarily just about breeding more animals than the the research is to have a larger population and there are a lot of monkeys that are needed in nine thousand nine hundred about sixty eight thousand. Human primates were used in research so a lot of the money is into expanding the center. So they can house more in particular. They want to focus on outdoor enclosures. Which is supposed to be better for the animals under also cheaper but also some of the needed to make sure they have increased biosafety for monkeys specifically with saas cova too but overall it seems the certainly the researchers in this field. Say that a lot more investment is needed. Well let's go sent to the show me of what sort of levels investment which talking that over the last couple years this includes both the increase in funding from the national institutes of health before pandemic and during the pandemic has been twenty nine million. Us dollars and the current administration is proposing even more for two thousand twenty two that needs improving by congress. Another twenty-seven percent increase another thirty million dollars. But one of the people i interviewed in this article said the inaudible fully reset revamp the current setup. So all the primary centers across the country would require a one time sum of fifty million dollars which is even more ambitious than what biden administration is proposing. Do we have a sense of really. How important non human primate research has been doing the pandemic for example and more broadly. Yeah well the pandemic. I guess is really shed light on it in a way that affects everyone because it's been absolutely critical in early testing vaccines and therapeutics. Obviously there's a lot of people who disagree fundamentally with this point and that has caused problems as well for such as who do want to use macaques and things in their research for example a lot of airlines in the us won't carry primates for research due to pressure from animal rights groups. And there's been a push from various universities and companies trying to get the department of transportation to order airlines to carry the animals and other issue. That's come up during the pandemic. Is that another kind of macaque. That's used for load. Drug testing was being imported from china and china. Stop shipping them because of the pandemic says been a sort of shortage across the board. There are maybe on this. One show. Many presumably the funding's being discussed. We can't expect all these new facilities to be built tomorrow. No and even if they were built tomorrow it takes time to set up colonies and breath the monkees. But i think research are thinking about sort of future proofing the system against potentially the next pandemic and they want to be ready a few years down the line so that they're not faced with these shortages again. Won't my story. This week is also looking to the future. And i read it on the bbc news website and this is actually about the european union who have just announced a rough of climate. Change proposals to help get the blocks..
Nature Podcast
"nature" Discussed on Nature Podcast
"Them to our papers and we shouldn't fair. Hopefully we shouldn't fair that other people will criticize and reject papers or grants applications. Not give us jobs because we self critical just a bit of a leap of faith or a step by space. But but i would hope that people would be more willing to self criticize future. And that i think that will that will improve science and science communication. That was nick. Holmes from the university of nottingham in the uk you can read more about next mission to self criticize in an article. He's written for nature's worldview section. We'll put a link in the show notes. Finally the show. It's time for the briefing shop where we discussed some highlights from the nature. Briefing noah. what have you been reading this week. So yes. I'm rather stretching this week while i think nature's call beaters because it really fundamental research angle and yet it is something that i'm sure. Many researchers around the world will be watching. This is based on an article that i read in the washington post and is the story that you know the much lauded commercial. Space fight from. Richard branson happened earlier this week and it really did capture my attention. So richard branson has taken his space. Cross up for the first time with passages from virgin galactic up to space. Whether or not that she has to be discussed. We can talk about that later and landed safely again heralding. What he believes is the beginning of an entirely new era of spaceflight. Right okay and you said this is stretching what we cover at nature. So what is the interesting thing for. Science may be with this space flight. Well i think so. Lots of scientists are very interested in space and for quite some time. Getting to space has been something that only really governments could achieve monopoly. Because it's an incredibly difficult thing to do from a kind of technical perspective especially manned spaceflight now. Recently with spacex with virgin galactic with similar efforts from jeff bezos the blue origin missions that are coming up commercial spaceflight has arrived and so this is kind of changed the game a little bit for how accessible space be and of course there's a lot of research is that would be very interested in that because different ways to get into space could change the way they could do the research they may not need to get the grant from nasa anymore they could get the grunt from a completely different organization that could be privately funded and so i think there's a lot of people watching these kind of early commercial flights which largely sel space tourism designed the moment with the view to how that might change how getting displaced works in the next couple of years two decades and you mentioned about this may make space more accessible for some researchers but this is a billionaire just a billionaire as well so how accessible is this at the moment yeah in terms of the actual programs that are being launched by virgin galactic by blue origin not super accessible said these are incredibly expensive of experiences that are being sold via these programs so for example ranson's taken Virgin galactic galactic craft up. It's only gonna be hyper wealthy. People that are gonna be able to afford to buy tickets to go on this kind of commercial experience. It's looking at the moment like it's gonna be somewhere in the region of half a million dollars for a flight which i think very few people could say accessible. Jeff bezos has mission which is going in just a few days. Time july the twentieth. That's gonna take a series of civilians up into space and then back down again again extremely expensive and they're even more expensive commercial possibilities available so for example axiom. Space is trying to launch a kind of a unique tourism experience which has to spend a week on the iss. The international space station. But that's looking into customer in the region of fifty five million dollars just to go and do that. I say just to go do that. It's obviously a huge huge operation to get to the international space station. However i think the key here. Isn't that these. Individual efforts are going to be accessible. It's more the these proofs of principle that it's going to be possible for commercial organizations to get into space and not have to rely on infrastructure from the big governmental space organizations. And so tell me a little bit. Bowel brunson's flight. Like how was it that they go into space. Is this method that may be applicable for future commercial space flights or could it be used for research in the future. Yes so actually. The method the branson used is one of the things that really says a par- this particular approach to get to space so rather than what you might imagine as the traditional way to get into space which has launched a rocket directly up into the air from the ground ranson spacecraft was actually taken partway up by eslava mothership more conventional plane and then released and then the final ban happen to get you up into space. Which the view doing that is that it reduces the amount of overall fuel you might need especially as a rocket fuel and it's a similar approach has been taken by one of branson's space organization so virgin galactic is this kind of tourism scented operation whereas he has another abrasion could virgin orbit which is aimed not at tourism but delivering satellite space. And it uses a very similar process so you have smaller rockets. Mounted underneath adapted aircraft boeing aircraft in particular organization in order to be able to launch small satellites up into space more easily and more quickly without needing a specifically designed launch pad. You just need a runway anywhere in the world in order to be able to lock to satellite space which has caused has interested many many people scientists included and so this method of almost like flying a bit with a plane and then shooting off into space also brings me to some. You mentioned that the start which is why was this space or was it. Nope because i've seen this debate going around for awhile. Did he actually make it into space. Yes read the peasant who you us to be honest much of the definition of what when you've gone high enough into the atmosphere to get into space is somewhat political one. So jeff bezos group were keen to point out although they were congratulatory of windsor. Branson for the flight that he made they were keen to point out. The richard bransons kroft only reached around eighty kilometers above the surface. Which is what the us military us. As a kind of an marchal for someone becomes an astronaut. That's what they consider to be the edge of space however there is also an internationally recognized the common line which is at one hundred kilometers slightly higher and where the blue origin mission planning to fly above. Now that's a different definition of west space begins again. it's mostly political but there is a kind of a loose logic to the common line in particular is loosely based on the altitude where the atmosphere becomes too thin to sustain 'aeronautics flight. So where you've got to the point where you couldn't fly using left anymore because there's not an atmosphere last and that's circa one hundred kilometers that's been suggested since the sixties so depending on how you define space. He did or didn't get into space. But what's very clear is that you know. He got up down safely. And they did experience things weightlessness for example and were able to see the earth from high enough to be able to appreciate the coverage of the earth etcetera etcetera much of the other kind of qualitative measures of what you might call space and so with this success. Where is the future going who is going into space next. Yes so right now..
Nature Podcast
"nature" Discussed on Nature Podcast
"In a tropical country. Taiwan which is basically located very close to the equator. And so they're used to a lot of high heat and humidity. And i just remember growing up in a brick house in south carolina and just baking in the summertime and my parents refusing to spend money on air conditioning. Angel is now a climate scientist in north carolina and is expecting many more hot summers to come for herself and her children. This is quickly becoming the new normal. Even though we're not supposed to be this is normal. Or what's normal technology because of course that that has a tendency to to make it seem more acceptable. But it's true it's experiencing extreme temperatures. Unusually hot days is just going to be something that more and more places around the world particularly in urban areas are going to be confronting as we move forward into the future. We don't drastically cut our greenhouse gas emissions. Oh i think my baby might be waking up. But i assure you he's fine and hopefully he'll pipe down in a second one thing angel and her team would pipe down about is how different communities experience urban heat. They published a paper in nature communications. This idea that expanded the work of some previous studies in our study. We looked at one hundred and seventy five urban areas and the united states. And what we found is that communities of color are living in areas that are on average of full degree celsius warmer than areas where non hispanic whites counterparts are living. I was frankly surprised. This is a problem that's widespread systemic and pervasive across virtually every single us city. I think that's probably the most shocking finding for me. The vaccine is research found similar results. We were measuring air. Temperatures around cities in many parts of the us and finding this consistency between the hottest areas and the poorest areas in the areas where historically marginalized communities like african american black latinx axe indigenous communities of color were living and we were scratching our heads as to why that was and so we decided to use satellite imagery and looking at that in relation historic segregation policies that the us federal government had set up in the nineteen thirties commonly known as redlining policies. He's alex witt see again to explain. It was a federal government program authorized by congress to rank neighborhoods based on what was considered being worthy of investments and factors that were taken into consideration were were there are a lot of people of color in this neighborhood where there are a lot of immigrants so we found consistently that the red line areas in hundred eight cities that we studied were consistently on order of about five degrees celsius warmer than their non redline counterparts. This study published in climate last year showed that the decisions made decades ago about which areas to invest in have resulted in noticeable temperature differences. Today it comes down to the amount of asphalt and concrete and buildings that are in these neighborhoods the highways the roads. The low slung concrete. Sometime cinder block buildings that are in the red lined areas absorbed that sun's radiation and hold onto it with very dense materials. That are built with and recognizing this has big implications for making cities more equitable when race.
Nature Podcast
"nature" Discussed on Nature Podcast
"Bought is a food supply shock so a series received influence of foods for different food types and win city experiences a sudden decrease in this impulse. We call that a food shock and what can cause that. Yes there are many causes for these foot. Supply shocks one main cause is climate climate change climate variability as we experience more droughts and have a strong effect on crop production. Geopolitical instabilities can be problem. I mean the more recent. Why perhaps it's more of a demand induced shock that we spend with the covet where people are not going out to eat at restaurants decreases demand for food that can also caused a shock. What is the effect of food shocks. Inner city they can have an influence on foot price if prices go a little bit up then. Low income of born of populations in a city can be impacted in sochi. Look at Low income underserved communities like blacks hispanics in the united states. You see these percentages of fooling secure people going up in cities of the us so cities have this problem. They can be vulnerable to food shocks. What did you set out to do in your study. We wanted to look at Whether they are lessons from nature that we can learn in the way we design our foot systems in the way we design our cities specifically we wanted to look at whether supply chain diversity can help cities cope with foot shocks. We know from ecosystems that greater diversity can be beneficial in terms of protecting ecosystems against external shocks so we wanted to check hypotheses on our food systems and cities. And how did you do it. What were your methods. Yes for us to do that. We work with the large data said describing the food supplies from regions in the us to citizen the us we had around maybe three hundred cities in data and then we develop a measure of supply chain diversity where you know cd. Some more diverse foot supply when that city links to trading partners. That are more different.
Nature Podcast
"nature" Discussed on Nature Podcast
"Building a relationship with community or then move. Researchers is the same as your needs team and respect researches need to consider community members right from the inception of their ideas. They need to talk to them. Spend time with them and don't come in with assumptions about who they are. Research can really benefit. Many communities flint is still committed towns with water crisis and the long term health effects. Not known at this point. Research will hopefully continue to help the citizens of flint and many communities beyond. So it's something that's worth getting right That was nick patrick. How for this piece. He spoke to rick subtler from michigan state university and yvonne lewis. Who is the director of outreach. For genesee plan in michigan and ceo of the national center for african american health consciousness moral community based research. Check out the communists co written by rick and evonne what linked to that in the show notes. We'll david locke in that one. It shows the benefits that can be had when scientists in the local community work together but it also shows the perils when. That isn't done. Yeah and what was great about that piece was the candor. There wasn't this sort of honest. Appraisal loved the way that actually towards the end of the pc. Now they're talking about future collaborations. And i think one thing about collaborations of course that the best ones continue. You can be collaborators for multiple points throughout somebody's career you know you can you collaborate with people repeatedly and i think it was really important at that. Came out this idea that you know this is just not not a one hit. Wonder you know we're in this for the long haul. We're going to find other ways in which we can really really work together effectively. A nick made the point respect. And it's communication that really are super important for endeavors like this yes. It's communication isn't it. So we're back to the idea of the scientific pre-nup the team charter. You know get it all out there. Get your thoughts down talk about some of the potential tensions that you're gonna find along the way and hopefully fruitful collaborations will continue long into the future. I'm sure that they will will david. You mentioned the word future. There does the special take a look at where collaborations may go given. All we've been through. Recently i mean we we do touch on that and obviously after such an extraordinary yeah. We were quite keen with the special that we didn't kind of focused solely on the pandemic but of the content alludes to it and indeed some of the case that is we've got. We're very much informed by how collaborations with forged during the last so the twelve to fifteen months and fact in the feature article that we've got we are actually asking audience. How has covert impacted your collaborations with international partners where keen to capture the positives the negatives and of course if they respond positively or negatively. We're inviting them to write in with details and also with the other thing that we're doing is we have a bigger survey actually going on at the moment. We do a biennial salary job satisfaction survey in the field work for that. He's at the moment. So you know there links to that on the website and that does include questions around the last twelve to eighteen months being for researchers around the world and we know we do touch on collaborations there. So i think is very much a case of watch this space bend. We will be returning and picking up some of the themes that get covered in the special which goes out this week. Well david let's leave it there then. I guess i mean hopefully you'll come on the show again and we can revisit the results of those surveys and see you know where collaborations might be going and what lessons have been learned but for the time being. Maybe you could tell us where all of this content can be found. Yeah we've collected all of the articles together. You can find them at go dot nature dot com forward slash collaborations excellent and we'll put a link to that in the show notes of course and also we've got a video to highlight as well. It's a short documentary. Which looks inside. A collaboration between one team in china and another one in the uk there's language barriers. We check wearies differences in scientific practices and valuable friendships. Made along the way. It's a fascinating watch. Find it at youtube dot.
Nature Podcast
"nature" Discussed on Nature Podcast
"Know one of our papers had over two hundred authors if we keep having incredible success. It's very hard to debate that. It's not a better direction to go in. It doesn't have to be the only direction but it has to be one of the direction. So i think it's just about critical mass and eventually the proof is in the pudding will in the putting in that case that a paper that jacqueline alluded to has two hundred authors. That took maybe five months and normally a work. Such of that would take five six seven years but as the nature of collaborations continues to change this the way. The project of funded does to for trudy lying. A global health researcher from the university of oxford this has meant that the funding agencies have had to fund collaborative efforts rather than a soul research also group. There's definitely a discussion drive with advantium organizations to make this shift and that's something. I think that should be equally. Well received by the scientific. We have to take that onto. And i'm really hoping our next Completely that federated partnerships is not one of us taking the lead is between maybe four or five of us it mall and his scientists. We need to see by getting stand together in a team. Roberts won't pass is getting older. Award will stunning together as a team also means being rewarded. As a team researches careers are driven. By what where they publish but often not everyone is rewarded fairly for their contributions to often lead. Investigator is still somebody from the global news. I'm even though research happens. In the south most of the heavy lifting thinking running the study habits path it still to normal is a western research. That is the pm needles from the papers. And i think to really turn around. We should probably change the model of having one k person one leading grant to belittle concept on papers so to make sure that everyone gets credit where it's due. Treaty suggests giving everyone equal opportunity to contribute to a project as a really big talk. I'm on this big. Typically by somebody. Who know is that projects you can weave in other studies tasted it could be social. Science studies health economics laboratory component. And that's a great opportunity for local research. Itchy beating get a little bit of funding maybe to that project in a lead. Investigators massive grown. They're going to get their wonderful hyper. Then they've got some responsibility to look at the tape away from work where they can let those teams flourish shine and find some opportunities to let and then at the time as bicarbonate up in the first place In one big taxation but in several will push your luck country partners to put rocks in embed name and you step back lead african. which is there's no is this incentive You best go to be pretty much completely. Could've an extent to do that because you're not really money into university and you will not taking their word for it but there's many times it's the right thing to do. Of course not. All collaborations are large ones even in small collaborations. It's important to give credit where it's due says. Martin got julia. He suggests that it's worth having a discussion about authorship. For example at the very beginning of partnership particularly when. You're more junior collaborator now. This isn't going to be easy conversation. But it is an important learning opportunity. I think one way to broach that in my field okay. The may be completely different because they are different in other fields. I said look. This idea is very important to me. So i will like if possible to be the first author and they give and learn a lot because you can learn whether you're dealing with somebody who is somebody who want us up research partner again. They're right down in that kind of cases. Of course right may be some people do that. Okay and i know some people. Don't do that okay. But then i advise my students well. If you find that can just find a different. But how do you know when a collaboration isn't working when you realize that every need is drag that every day is a drag that you don't see eye to eye with your call that you'll go through Live up to the promises. Call he or she doesn't have any contribute right. Do all the work. So ideally you move out early. But i do need to finish this relationship to finish this paper but then don't get into a new one or you need to say. Look i mean. I'm out you finish on your easy. Say don don don may be the difference between making it or not right. Although this is the reality for many researchers it's not an idea one and an ideal world is not likely to happen anytime soon. However after this pandemic is over that all going to be many opportunities for the academic system to rethink its operating system says nevin kroger. But if you're ever gonna have change now's the time it's almost like we got a clean slate coming out of this pandemic. Let's make the changes that so many people want to see and we can point all the successes that have happened over last year. And a half. And i think scientists around the world are actually pushing in this direction and the big question is can we make that change. I think is so sorely needed in the scientific world. That was never in croghan ending. That report from julia gould. So david a lot in there to discuss. Suddenly maybe we should start with the nature of how collaborations are changing. I think social media is playing a very big part here. So you know. Researchers are searching each other outs the networking virtually. I think there's been a huge surge in interest in multidisciplinary into split collaborations. The whole landscape of collaborations is changing. And also the way that the various partners in these collaborations are being credited. One thing we also looking at the special issue is some of the stomach changes. The needs happen within science. You know so Some of the conferences. I've been to to help inform the direction of the special talk about a move away from the superstar. Pi somebody who attends to dominates a collaboration. And how actually the ecosystem of research can change so that individual contributions collective contributions are recognized. That's something else that judy looked at. What's being done to kind of address this couple of things spring to mind their ben. I mean one thing. I would point out when welcome kicked off the research culture exercise that they were doing so they're taking a very hard look at actually how the whole funding ecosystem work somehow right. At the beginning of a grant application people can very much more record who is going to be involved in collaboration. And who's going to get the credit there and the second thing i'd point out is the attempts that publishes making the system that springs to mind is the contributor rose taxonomy which is a much more respectful systematic way of recording. The different contributions that collaborate is going to make and i think the kind of seriousness of this was demonstrated when we were working on a careers feature which looks at why. Authorship.
Nature Podcast
"nature" Discussed on Nature Podcast
"Sweetie so listeners of the nature poker. I may recognize your voice. You have not been on corona put before before we going. Can you just tell us who you are. And what you do it nature. So i am the chief opinion editor nature and this week. We're going to talk about. I guess a topic more broadly but something that has been covered in your section recently in a comment piece how we assess the impact of covid so we talked a lot about stats on cratered and the main stats tend to talk about our infection rates and mortality rates but there is a kind of a more nuanced way to look at the impact of coronavirus and in fact look at the impact of diseases more broadly global health. You tell us a little bit more about what we're talking about here. Yeah sure so. Many diseases around the world are tracked looking at their impact on good health so there are a couple of metrics used by health economists cooled down and qualies and these stanford disability adjusted like years and quality adjusted life years and basically they are a measure of how much you're kind of healthiness is impacted by having a condition. The canonical example is something like diabetes. If you are diagnosed with diabetes at the age of safety we know that you're probably going to suffer a lot of health thereafter and so qualities days can be used to look at the sort of burs have health do two particular conditions so pretty much since the beginning of the covid outbreak. I've been fascinated by the issue of not. Just how many people are getting in. And how many people are dying but how many people are being left with long range disability g to covert both due to go into hospital and how sick they are when they come out of hospital but also people who get mild in inverted commas covid and even people who get covid and have no idea that they had it. There are some lasting effects. And we're now starting to see studies. Emerging cancelling up some of that long lasting burden of ill health and public health experts would competely agree that the initial response of focusing on case numbers infection rates. Death rates makes a lot of sense. Because you need something that you can get quickly. You can gather quickly to help control a pandemic but as time goes on the impact of a disease like ovid can have far more long reaching impacts and now is the time that those studies are starting to come out and they can have really quite profound impact on policy. For example to things really really bluntly as kind of a completely hypothetical example if you had some mysterious disease that killed three people than you might think well. It's any three people so it's not that important but if you then found out that aaron killed three people but six thousand people were left blind. That's a huge impact and so looking at these measures in a different way can really change the way that we think about policy. That's absolutely right. So looking at qualities and dolly's calculations currently the sort of back of an envelope is about thirty percent of the health burden due to covid will come from disability and not death. I think it basically says to us allowing a high number of cases even among the young could have consequences that we're not currently accounting for just to talk a little bit about. What does some of that loan town disability look like is enormously heterogeneous which i think is one of the things that is quite confusing so people have probably heard a lot about covid which commonly leads people with chronic pain brain fog in numerous fatigue. These sort of things that would make it very hard to go back to work to continue to parents but also people are often surprised to hear but covid can leave people with diabetes. It can mean that people needs kidney transplants dialysis for life even quite mild cases of covid leaving people with significant heart damage so the long range implications of getting kovic are more serious. I think than the mainstream media narrative would lead you to believe. And i think we should say the what we're saying here is not the if you get covid you therefore diabetes after as you're going to die for the risk of stroke after his kidney dialysis. It's not saying that these things happened in every case but what we are saying is that because of the way the stats in the impact of covid has been reported. That picture has not been painted as clearly as it could be because there may be all these things that are missed. because we're using the wrong stat. I suppose misrepresenting the impact of covert especially in people that a young for example. The may see themselves as kind of little invincible. When it comes to covid exactly as you say if a thirty year old sees a bunch of graphs that show an uptick in people have thirty. Having strokes or global uptick in erectile dysfunction or studies showing that elite athletes in the us who have eysenck dramatic coded are left with interesting things happening in their hearts. I think that changes your sense of the level of risk the wish to take and perhaps changes the narrative around lockdowns or nothing. I think that's also really key point here when you talk about lockdowns and the kind of public health policies have been placed all over the world to try to reduce the spread of covid. There has been this kind of dichotomy. That's been put forward is either. We looked down. Stop people dying or we think about the longtime impacts of locking down economically things like obesity. Depression there's really important but there has been this kind of dichotomy posed cove it is an immediate risk and lockdowns can have long term impact. But i think that's got to me and danny's in quality show us that there is also a long term impact of covid economically socially culturally as well and so that to me is just not quite right one hundred percent so is really complicated and i suppose what needs to happen now and i think later this year there will be a couple of really big reports that happened annually on the global burden of disease due to all sorts of different causes. And i think this will be the first time the code is included in there and that hopefully will shift the narrative but the whole calculation of lateral covert. I what costs are we still going to be. Bearing five ten fifty years hence needs to start to include long range health costs. I mean an interesting aside actually is isn't always can help. People take decisions.