26 Burst results for "Max Planck Institute"
This Week in Tech
"max planck institute" Discussed on This Week in Tech
"Sensory systems, and crucially a shared desire to chat. Maybe the whales don't want to talk to us. And I can not blame them for that. There has to be motivation on both sides to one of the communities. In your tiktoks is Natalie will mean an expert on cognitive evolution. Again, at the Max Planck institute, but this time for evolutionary anthropology. Max Planck got around. And also, there's not like Elon Musk. That's a different, that's a different thing. He was busy in a different fashion. Max Planck and Elon Musk. Inside all of us, there are two wolves two. And Elon Musk. It is, they are archetypes for us all. Mister Glenn fleischmann, autodidact, jeopardy, contestant, creator of amazing letter press. What is this here? What is this? A flawed Seattle. Yes. Some Seattle star, a newspaper that's been out of business for 70 years, long, and a mystery. I have that's from World War II, Macarthur. Assault? And the confusing part is this long is a two page tabloid style flung, but on the same purchase, I was able to obtain a full page. Broad sheet flung for that style. Where does he want to go to a choir flanks? The well, eBay, but then sometimes things happen like a guy from Sweden says, hey, I've got a couple hundred pieces of peanuts vlog. You want it. They just open up their coat and they're like, you want some long quick questions from those people. You better explain for those who are not completely up on antiquated newspaper technology. What a long is. Just kind of always show you the long not followed by my ravine. It's been for it. It's a flan was a mold used in metal type days from when printing was also poor lead into that mold. Exactly. They'd make the flan under high pressure from like a laid out page of disparate elements like pieces of type and illustrations, then they'd put that in a press to create a single sheet that they could then cast into a hemispherical or half a circular metal plate that could go on a high-speed rotary press and spin really fast and print vast numbers of newspapers every hour. So in every newspaper in the country, they had dozens of people making laying out pages, making flanks, making these plates, putting on presses, it was this incredibly wild amount of lead pouring and it's a crazy industrial operation that every newspaper had to do until about the 70s or 80s, and then it was utterly thrown out in favor of a simpler photographic process that everyone uses now. It's sad, though. But thank goodness you're keeping the flowing alive. Little aspects of in history, documenting it. Yeah. Glenn always a pleasure Glenn F dot or no, I'm sorry, Glenn fund two ends. God, you had this last opportunity. I know. I screwed it up every single time. Easy to find me, Glenn fund. In the name. And there's a lot of good stuff there. It's so great to see you. Thank you for being here. Thanks for being here. Dan Moore, Bayern, agenda. Aleph extraction and the newest the nova incident all part of the galactic Cold War saga, great reading. I could vouch for it really good. Surprisingly good, really. Again. Thank you. A man like you could string a sentence together. And look at you. I see nothing behind those eyes. Remarkable. I appreciate it. 6 colors dot com, of course. Anything what are you going to be doing on Tuesday? You're going to be doing a live thing or Jason will be there at the actual event. So I think he'll be doing some of the heavy lifting, but we'll have some stuff afterwards on the site, and I think we may actually, we've started doing some video wrap ups afterwards, just sort of quick hit things to sort of discuss. So we might have one of those going up and plenty more coverage to come on $6. Excellent. Excellent. And of course, the wonderful Paris martineau, the crafty Paris martinel, more ways than one in the information dot com. There's your signal number. She's at Paris martineau on the Twitter. What are you working right now? Anything exciting? I cover Amazon right about different parts of the business. If you work for Amazon or you used to come chat with me on signal, talk off the record, be really fun. Kind of like this chat, but also about your work. Nice. You covering Amazon's all the unionization stuff I assume? Yeah, I mean, that as well as I'm really interested in the movements and healthcare right now as well as I think everything going on with the project Santos. It's a massive company and I feel like every time I look in a different part of it, I find something more interesting. Always a pleasure. Thanks so much. This was so much fun. I hate to stop. I really do. We do twit every Sunday, about 2 p.m. Pacific 5 p.m.
This Week In Google
"max planck institute" Discussed on This Week In Google
"Haven't done anything. They've saved the spectrum, but despite keen interest I'm quoting ars technica from some automakers in industry groups like the association of state highway and transportation officials in the intelligent transportation society of America, it hasn't been deployed, in fact, the FCC took some of that and reallocated it to Wi-Fi, giving it to Wi-Fi 6 E, I think. Yeah, well, that's because the Trump administration way, way back at the very beginning, like 2016, they declined the Department of Transportation declined to make rules or there was some sort of weird governmental decision. And I don't remember exactly what it was, but I could look it up. So since 19 95, the NTSB has been lobbying for wireless collision avoidance technology. Cars talking to each other saying, no, you go Alfonso after you, alpha. But out here comes alphonse. Yeah, it would be huge. The NTSB said that connected vehicle technology would reduce the ever escalating carnage on U.S. roads. They urged the FCC to make sure Wi-Fi devices don't encroach on the remaining 30 megahertz. The good news is 30 megahertz is not as small as that might sound. It's not a huge amount of spectrum. But they do it in Europe. With 40 megahertz for V two X and this year, apparently a million V two X cars will be sold in Europe. It'll be in the $10 million range in the next couple of years. So they're going to have it in Europe where we have it here. Well, yeah, so it was the Trump administration back in 2017. So all the way back in 2017, they said, we're not going to mess with this right now. And it was part of the GM dabbled with the vehicle to vehicle in the 2017 Cadillac CTS. In 2018, Toyota publicly committed to deployment in all new cars for the 2021 model year, but shortly thereafter, the Trump FCC said the spectrum is under consideration for reallocation, so Toyota backed off. Yeah, they stopped doing it because they were the Obama administration had said, hey, we're going to go forward with this. And then very early on Trump, they said no. And so then they were like, the carmakers were like, oh, well, never mind. Traffic fatalities last year in the U.S. 42,915 people died. The NTSB documented scenarios where vehicle to vehicle would have saved lives. I think we need this. And I think it's time to move on this. Well, so here's, I mean, there's a lot of issues there. There's everyone's favorite, which is spectrum sharing, like, okay, how do we make sure this doesn't interfere with anything nearby, then there's like, okay, now we've got cars with this. What kind of protocols are we going to make it? How are they going to communicate? How do you deal with? And then there's also these ambitious not just vehicle to vehicle, but vehicle to infrastructure. So how is that going to work? What are the standards that we're going to be put in place? And then Qualcomm was fighting with who they're fighting with. Anyway, it's been kind of a mess. Is it always is when you're trying to lay out some sort of regulatory standard. Everybody wants it to go their way, basically. And I know you're a big fan of doctor Doolittle. I wonder if you could do a little rendition of he can talk to the animals to the animals. Just sing it. Why are you going to keep trying to get me to do music? Because I know it makes you crazy. I don't even know what you're singing. Doctor Doolittle. Rex Harris. Like the Eddie Murphy? No, no. Well, I don't know. Do a little thing. He's saying, and the theme was, he did no references after 1965. Red Harrison was my fair lady. Yes, he was. He was also in other things, believe it or not. Including doctor Doolittle. Too little. Anyway, there's a long lead into an okay story. It's a great story. If you think talking to naked mole rats is a great thing, it's a great story. You know how they're doing it? AI. AI. Isn't that cool? New York Times. Tory called the animal. Scientists are using machine learning to eavesdrop on naked mole rats, fruit bats, crows, and whales, and even the hope is to communicate back. Now I'm going to play you some naked mole rats, which oh boy. They're hideous. Okay, listen, you hear that? So it turns out that that's a conversation. When two volleys meet in a dark tunnel, they exchange a standard salutation. They make a shark, this is what you heard, a shaft, soft chirp, then a repeating soft chirp. They have a little conversation, and according to somebody, Alison Barker, a neuroscience spectrum, they do that on. It's pretty high. You wanna hear it again? Oh, I get it. I don't know. Alison Barker is neuroscientist Max Planck institute for brain research. It's in Germany, so you know it's good. Said they have a little conversation. Hidden in this everyday exchange is a wealth of social information they discovered when they used machine learning algorithms to analyze 36,000 soft chirps recorded in 7 mole rat colonies, not only did each mole rat have its unique sound, each colony had its own dialect, which was passed down culturally from generation to generation, further does do that. Horses do that. No orphans. Killer whales. There was a whole Netflix at Netflix documentary or Apple documentary. The ones in Norway have their own culture and dialect. Sure. That's fascinating. Here, even with get ready for put your fascination hat on during times of social instability, such as in the weeks after a colony's queen was violently deposed, the cohesive dialects fell apart when a new queen began a reign a new dialect appeared to take hold. Now what would you say? Doctor Barker says the greeting call which I thought was going to be pretty basic turned out to be incredibly complicated. I think it's cool that they can use machine learning. It makes sense. Machine learning, what is it? You apply a dataset, you collect a lot of information. And then you try to create an algorithm to detect patterns, right? They can mole rats are going to take over with the machine together. No, because we can talk to them. They're not your Friends.
The Vulnerable Scientist
"max planck institute" Discussed on The Vulnerable Scientist
"That community still exists until today. This is why I say communities so important, you know, when I started my business almost four years ago now, that same community has been so supportive. And I finished my PhD in 2007. But these same people, when they saw that I started my business as a coach for scientists, they're like, hey, money, come to my institute. We could need you a money and they started recommending me to give workshops and give talks and that's why I say communities so beautiful because even if you leave that community, I haven't been in touch with many of these people from my PhD for a decade. We have lost contact. But there is this sense of where family. We went through this together. We went through that hard times. Yeah. So when they see you again, whether it's on social media or they see you in person, they want to help. They want to support. And that's why I say to invest in building community because it does not only pay off for your career, but it gives you a sense of belonging. How are you feeling when you first got the notification that you've been accepted to the PhD program that you wanted? Oh my God, I wish I had a video that back then. I can still remember. I can still remember the scene because, I mean, I did not think I was gonna get accepted because the Max Planck institute, especially the one in Dresden, is very elite and the best institute and only the best scientists come in, and it was so competitive. So I was like, okay, I'll give it a shot, I'll give it a shot because I didn't have the highest grades, you know? And I got the email and I was literally jumping up and down and screaming in front of my computer and the whole lab was like, what is happening in my life? I got accepted. Yeah,
Between The Lines
"max planck institute" Discussed on Between The Lines
"Them. Yeah, I think on the one hand, yeah, there was clearly a need to start to show these things, but on the other hand, I guess no, because there had been this legacy of Sri Lankan researchers that had actually been pointing this out and just perhaps their work wasn't necessarily being recognized in the international community. So I guess in a way, it's a little bit sad that it took some scientific methodology for that to happen, but fortunately, these for lack of research is now incredibly well known and they've rightly got the credit they deserve for these ideas. And I think also in the broader sphere there had been people working in tropical forest elsewhere. So there was the famous New York caves in Bordeaux. There had been a team of international researchers working there that had already started to show that humans practicing very specialized adaptations, tropical rainforests and that part of the world. And so there was this work sort of starting to go on in other places as well. And so it was very interesting at the time because we wrote a review paper on just this idea of our tropical forest key to human evolution and then I think we had 5 reviewers and sort of one said, of course, this paper doesn't need to be written because we know this. And then the other four were like, well, no, we don't think this is true or I think it does polarize opinion sometimes and people that work in different parts of the world will have very different perspectives on those questions. So I think a bit of yes and a bit of no. I'm Kylie Morris on ABC RN. This is between the lines and my guest is Patrick Roberts and archeologist and anthropologist from the Max Planck institute and author of jungle how tropical forests shape the world and us. Patrick, can we talk a little more about the Savannah hypothesis? I guess part of the reason why it might have been difficult for people to accept other ideas is that that Savannah hypothesis has proven to be so persuasive. What is so persuasive about that? Why has that felt like a logical story to so many people? Yeah, I mean, I think because, you know, going back to the first hominins in Africa about 7 million years ago or so, I mean, they are emerging at a time when either just after or around the same time where tropical grasslands are expanding in eastern and Southern Africa. And certainly then, you know, as we start to see increasingly by specialized bipedalism, kind of upright walking, tool use, this does a lot of the fossils that appear, they do all seem to be coming from what are our today, at least open arid environments. And so I think this has been persuasive. And sort of further stimulating that narrative that idea that we kind of left the trees and started striding out into these open settings. And then our species, I guess, has sort of been seen as sort of the end of a long line of these hominins. And again, I think there certainly are elements that this expansion of grassland is playing an important role in hominin evolution. But for example, we now know that bipedalism probably evolved multiple times. And so for example, among the great apes today, the actual great ape that practices bipedalism the most apart from ourselves is in fact orangutans and they do it high up in the cannon and it's not actually chimpanzees as we might assume. And so I think this shows you that bipedalism doesn't have to be linked to open grasslands or walking on the floor that actually bipedalism can develop in the treetops itself. And I think this is provided a bit of a different perspective on how variable those early stages of hominin evolution might be that that certainly wasn't this great march onto the savanna and that probably forest continued to play a very important role as well. What it also meant that if you're testing the jungle theory or the tropical forest theory, that you should be able to look for signifiers in kind of skeletal signifiers of that environment in hominids. So evidence that, for example, we were very good climbers with strong hands in the same way as bipedalism as kind of the increase in height of people is seen in part as being indicative of that and they're being upright. Yes, exactly. I mean, this is what's been often used to look at hominin evolution and exactly that. How does hit morphology like morphology hand in arm morphology change through time and what does this suggest about our locomotion? And yes, classic examples I'm sure your listeners probably heard of maybe Lucy, australopithecus afarensis, who's this famous hominin fossil that's by some taken as being a prime example of some early bipedalism among hominins. But even she has gotten evidence in her arms in her hands that showed that she would have also been very adept at climbing and actually these features continue right down to the emergence of our own genus homo that even once homo is emerging in Africa that some of these hominins are still maintaining very clear evidence that they would have still been good climbers. And the same sort of goes for stone tools that actually we see a lot of the sites where there are early stone tools that there would have actually been Woodland or trees nearby. And so it does seem that tropical forest tropical Woodland did continue to play an important role maybe as a form of shelter, form of resources for hominins through time, even as savannahs were expanding as well. And there's a question about that timing, isn't there? As I understand it, one of the challenges to the savanna thesis is that for the theory to work, then the landscapes would have needed to expand the grasslands landscape sort of needed to expand roughly at the same time that we can start to notice these physiological changes. However, you're sort of saying the timing is a bit off in some evidence that we've found and that actually that it's not as water tight as we imagined. Yeah, so some research is actually I think they're back in nearly ten years ago now actually had actually shown that there was already grassland expansion. In Africa by about 11 million years ago. And so this is happening obviously before the first hominins appear and actually probably based on our current evidence with a lag of about 4 million years. And so this kind of neat idea that grassland expanded at exactly the same time that the first hominins appeared is not quite correct. I mean, there are certainly still some dynamics of grassland expansion going on on a global scale. But yes, that doesn't seem to be quite that neat link that they're once was. And I think we have to look increasingly more about how it was probably variable conditions that really played a major role in the emergence of hominins and then obviously they're continued evolution as well. And your research seems to add another layer of graying evidence, doesn't it? So that this isn't purely a kind of black and white situation. Your argument isn't necessarily only that open savannas didn't play a major part in the evolution of humans, but that maybe the tropical forest experience part of that hasn't been fully appreciated
10% Happier with Dan Harris
"max planck institute" Discussed on 10% Happier with Dan Harris
"I'm reasonably good. Anybody has written a book. You both of us have written books. These reasonably. It's a marshmallow test. It's horrible. It's an leap of faith, often takes years to write a book, and you're hoping that it doesn't suck uncontrollably. The process will, but they're hoping the product won't. You're really delaying all sorts of gratification. I've described it as being like on the cusp of a sneeze for four years. It's just horrible. Right, so I can do that. I'm complaining the whole time as you've just seen, but I can do it. But if you put a marshmallow in front of me, I'm gonna eat it. And same thing with an Oreo or whatever. I have no cognitive control around the actual marshmallow. So I have sometimes trouble computing these two things. So think about domain specificity. Eating is a different skill set and a different temptation set than writing a book. You happen to be good or at least willing to endure writing a book. I wouldn't put a lot of dessert in front of you. So domain specificity, that helps. Okay. So, sorry, you were I think a begun to move on down to the third sphere. Yeah, so the third is empathy, which is self awareness turned out. We're detuning into someone else. And you're picking up what they're feeling, particularly. And you're doing it without them telling you what they feel because people don't ever tell you in words are very rarely. Maybe your wife does, but very few people will tell you in words. They tell you in tone of voice and facial expression and non verbal. So you're picking up non verbals. And there are three kinds of empathy. One is cognitive. You know how that person thinks about things. You can get their perspective. You know the words they used to cut up that part of reality, the mental models. It's called technically. And this makes you a very good communicator. You can imagine, you know, people who write books, for example, need to have this kind of empathy because you need to know what words to use, so people will want to read and be understand. The second kind is emotional empathy. And these are based on different parts of the brain, by the way. This is based on newly discovered circuitry, the social brain, which is largely the forebrain and these circuits form a brain to brain link is kind of silent. Back channel. For any time you're face to face in front of someone, this is sensing what the other person feels and you pick it up because you know because your body's picking up for you. You sense their feelings immediately. And that is the basis of rapport. Of feeling close to someone. The nourishing interactions we have in life are based on this. But neither of those kinds of empathy necessarily make you a caring person. So that people who are machiavellian, who are manipulators or sociopaths, can use this information to get people to do what they want. You can use it, for example, in an election message. You can use it in marketing. You can use it not necessarily in the best interests of the other person. What you want is the third kind of empathy, which is technically called empathic concern. It means you care about the person. You have their well-being or best interests in mind. That's the basis of this kind of empathy, basis of compassion. Of wanting to help out the other person. So there are different kinds of empathy, but that's the third part of emotional intelligence. In my world and your world too, we talk about the practices that one can use to boost one's compassion or empathic concern. The Brahma vihara is a loving kindness and corunna practices meta and karuna practices where you envision people and then silently send them phrases. Maybe happy maybe free of suffering. What are the recommendations for building this muscle of empathic concern? I call that whole set of exercises that circle of caring. Where you might envision someone you're grateful to in your own life. And wish them well, you hope that they be safe or happy or healthy that they have a life that's fulfilled. And then bring those same wishes to yourself and then to people you love and people you happen to know. And then to everyone everywhere that's basically the format that you're talking about. And it didn't be within a spiritual framework or even a religious framework. I think it can just be human caring. The Dalai Lama actually talks a lot about how every major religion shares the value of loving others and of compassion. Certainly there's exercises in Christianity to do this. And he often complains, in fact, that Buddhist by and large don't do as much actual work that's compassionate compared to say Christians who will go to a very poor parts of the world and set up a school or a health clinic and so on. But at any rate, he says it's not enough just to wish well to other people. He wants to see people actually do something. But that's compassionate action. And by the way, it turns out that the exercises you describing research shows do make people more likely to help out more likely to, for example, give up a chair to someone on crutches. And when there's no other option to give to a charity and so on, there's research at Max Planck institute that suggests that this very kind of meditation that you're talking about or mind training in a non spiritual framework enhances the brain circuitry that makes someone more likely to help out. So I think that any way you can do it is for the good. And I happen to value compassion personally as an ethic to.
Leading Saints Podcast
"max planck institute" Discussed on Leading Saints Podcast
"Have a three part documentary series that we spent years making. What's the title of it? Our brain heart world. Brain hard world. That's right. So brain heart world. So there's three episodes, each episode focuses on a different aspect of the three pillars of harm, so brain focuses on the neurological effects of pornography where I went to Germany and interviewed doctor Simon kun from the Max Planck institute of human development. We went to Japan and interviewed neuroscientists and throughout the United States episode two is focused on the heart or relationships and connection and love and episode three is on the world and our society and the implications there. So it's a beautiful three part documentary series. You can watch one or all three. It's free. You can encourage people watching their homes. It's actually produced to be able to watch with your family. It's not like a documentary where you watch it about your kids. It's actually more catered for your kids and it's really a beautiful and it's very entertaining. So the kids aren't going to get bored. There's humor and there's fun and there's facts and there's animations and it's great. And there's a discussion guide that accompanies that you can actually use in a discussion. So it's a great resource for bishops and also the website. There's a podcast considered before consuming. And then the website itself just has so much articles and information you can go on and type in different things and things can be pulled up that can help you in preparation for a presentation, information. And of course, we can come out and help as well and speak and that many times and we can help facilitate something on your own. So it doesn't matter our mission and goal is to just support in the way that they want us to get involved or not involved in anything guidance and consultant. But we want to have the conversation. The advocates of that. And I think sometimes we use that precious church time to quote unquote give a lesson or present this information when in reality we could use that time for discussion. So getting people to watch the brain heart world outside of the church building or have a youth activity during the week where you watch the segment. And then on Sunday use that as now let's have a discussion. What did you learn? What stood out? And then just having that discussion will have the natural impact of de shaming, destigmatizing this concept that will. And I also want to bring up, of course, for those that are struggling, I mean, those are all kind of catered toward the discussion and the dialog on a larger context. But for an individual struggling, we have a powerful, powerful, free resource for you. It's called fortify. And I say, we originated with Pfizer and drug and we carted off into this other entity now called impact suite, which is I'm also running, which is a technology company that focuses on the healing recovery journey for a number of different issues, one of which being sexual compulsivity or pornography addiction four to 5 has been downloaded by hundreds of thousands of individuals in over a 150 countries. It provides learning and education and understanding and kind of a journey of that self improvement in addition to a community of others that are on that same journey to support them and tracking to visualize those improvements. So it's a really powerful companion to that recovery journey and free for young people. So bishops were actually, I think I mentioned that we are releasing four to 5 for the missionary department of the church, so every missionary in the field will now have access to fortify. Well, just be on their smartphone, right? It'll just be on their smartphone. And that was when we worked for years working with the family services and others to get a pretty so it's been approved many different levels within the church. So it's a great resource for bishops to be aware of and confer a free resource for young people. And there are some human services that individuals can tap into through the tool that do have a fee like for therapeutic services and whatnot. But the base is free. And so between all of that, this is a great amount of information, a lot of good resources there. And again, there are so many other great organizations producing things. So I encouraged bishop to kind of go down the rabbit hole. I kind of take some time and just go explore it'll open your eyes and open and ultimately your membership size. So tell me about that just in the context of missionaries, like how will missionaries use the fortify app? Are these for those that maybe have struggled with sexual compulsivity or addiction in the past or how is it going to be used? Yeah, that's exactly how it is. So it's going to be available to every missionary and they'll go through a training recommend that this is an option for them. And they told us that see the need individually and with in conjunction with their admission present, but even outside of that relationship, they would be able to kind of engage with this tool and get some really powerful support. So talk to me about accountability in the context of this app or just in general. Is this accountability app or I've heard mixed reviews and I have strong opinions. Because I felt like as a bishop, my role was to be that accountability guy. I became the spiritual parole officer. Hey text me every night. Let me know if you slipped up. And just never worked, right? So I think there's more to accountability. Is it important? But it is an accountability app or what should we understand about it? No, I mean, at its core it's not an accountability app, like a true accountability app might be tracking their behaviors online and reporting that to an accountability partner and then that would then a conversation within ensue. The way that you were describing accountability is a little bit more just like, hey, let's check in on Tuesday, see how you did this week. Or text me every morning or every night, tell me how you do on. And that can be very powerful for some, and that can be really good. It's a little bit involved. It's very involved for the bishop to kind of follow up and do that as you know. Doing that ongoing and it's also maybe missing some pieces because all it's doing is kind of saying it is adding a layer of like I'm going to have to check in and therefore I better be good. But it's kind of missing the that's addressing outer change. I look at it. This is like inner and outer change. Outer changes like things like that manifest externally. Did I or didn't I make my bed? But there's an interchange. I can make my bed, but unless there has been an interchange that is actually drives my desires. I want to make my bed. I might make my bed, which is an outer external change that some people could someone can observe. Unless I want and desire an craven and pursue it on my own free will, then it's not likely to stick long term. It's like I did something for a time, and now I'm back, right? Much like a diet. If the diet is temporary, it no interchange occurred. It's permanent and interchangeable. So fortify at its core is not an accountability app. There is accountability function. So where people can sign up an ally, we call them allies. So that could be a bishop where that could be a partner or that could be a sponsor or something like a sponsor. Whoever that is and they can sign that person up and they have then access to some of the data and they could have a conversation in that regard. But ultimately, fortify, we get literally daily just so many messages from fortified users around the world talking about how it just is supporting this journey and kind of opening their eyes to a process of healing that they were unaware of. And it really looks at getting at the root contributors. And again, addressing some of those deficiencies in these three key relationships and looking at nutrition and health and sleep and eat breathing sleep, we often talk about it. Whereas if those things are out of balance, your vulnerability to this behavioral struggle increases. So it's not just looking at the behavior and saying, let's get rid of the behavior. Sobriety.
60-Second Science
"max planck institute" Discussed on 60-Second Science
"This is scientific American 62nd science. I'm Christopher. When you look up at the Milky Way, you're gazing at the galactic equivalent of Rome, a metropolis of stars, with layers upon layers of history, just like the eternal city, so says the astronomer Hans Walter ricks. They were glory days, they were disasters. And all of these things kind of happened in the life of galaxies and demilitarized just a one galaxy we can look at Starbucks star and so you can kind of see individual episodes in actual detail. Now Rick's and a colleague at the Max Planck institute for astronomy in Germany have indeed gone star by star determining the ages of nearly a quarter million stars in the Milky Way. That work has allowed them to reconstruct some of the major life events in the galaxy's evolution over its 13 billion years of existence. What it showed is that in the youth and childhood, the military was turbulent, but actually afterwards we've lived an enormously sheltered life compared to most other galaxies. Gas drizzled in and to suburbs grew peacefully in sprawled. The astronomers say that the galaxy's thick disk began to form around 13 billion years ago, just 800 million years after the Big Bang. Then, around 11 billion years ago, a cataclysmic collision occurred. The Gaia Enceladus satellite galaxy crashed into the Milky Way. And just at the same time there was a huge burst of star formation or large increase of star formation in our own Milky Way and that suggests doesn't prove that the perturbations that this infalling satellite created caused a lot of gas that was in our Milky Way to form stars. The details are in the journal nature. Now, none of this is a total surprise, people have simulated the Milky Way's formation before. So I would say really what our work has done is it just shows it clearly a long suspected picture is coming into focus. In other words, this work lays out a more definitive playbill of the axe in this galactic drama. Thanks for listening for scientific American 62nd science. I'm Christopher and Daria..
Anna Jelen The Time Expert Podcast
"max planck institute" Discussed on Anna Jelen The Time Expert Podcast
"My dear reader, my dear listener welcome to another episode with me Anna Jelen it has been a while and a lot has happened in all our lives. Luckily, it seems as if the situation with COVID-19 is slowly calming down. But unfortunately, not far away, another war is spreading. I think of the people trapped in this war and can not believe that innocent humans still must fight for a right and life's. I also hear from many individuals that they are having a hard time. We live in turbulent times, and undoubtedly we find ourselves in a significant transformation. Wherever you are, whatever you do, never forget the three dots. It continues. 20 days ago, I was on a call with a lovely therapist who supports families and family members facing a difficult time. We had a helpful conversation, and in the end she asked me, and now miss yalan, what are you up to? And my answer came out of nowhere and quick. I would like to paint. Intuition had spoken. Intuition is also called the highest form of intelligence. And the past to true happiness. Okay. If that is true, I shall go and paint. When you are body speaks, there are no thoughts needed. It's when the intellect is addressed. When intuition is on, we are connected to the subconscious. Just imagine this link, a connection we can utilize. Albert Einstein once said, the intuitive mind is a sacred gift, and the rational mind is a faithful servant. We have created a society that honors the servant and has forgotten the gift. Intuition brings us not just creative power, but also understanding about one's self. We underestimate intuition often, and we might question it far too often. We love to believe our mind, the reason, but less our guts. But our gods are also linked to experience and reasoning. So yes, we can question it if we have to, but even better, let's try to trust our intuition of a more. The benefits of listening more to our intuition speak for themselves. We increase our self knowledge and psychologists say that intuition leads us to our true selves. And, of course, we will get better at decision making. And this is what I read. Studies done at the Max Planck institute amongst others show that intuitive decisions are reached faster and are subjectively better than those landed on by purely rational means. Those who actively work on developing their intuition are capable of making better faster and more beneficial decisions. We can
WBUR
"max planck institute" Discussed on WBUR
"As it continues its journey through interstellar space But this poses a problem because as we heard from Michelle earlier spacecraft currently rely on communication with earth in order to find their position in space So what will we do in the future when we want to send them to other stars I spoke to a man who's come up with a possible solution Corin Baylor Jones is an astronomer at the Max Planck institute in Germany The approach that I came up with is to use the positions of stars in the sky as seen from the spacecraft to allow the spacecraft to determine its own position and its own velocity So how exactly would that work So the spacecraft would have a kind of map of what the stars look like from different positions And so it can take a photo of where it is almost in space and then work out where it is and where it's going Absolutely right So what we rely on is having a map of the positions of the stars in the sky as seen from the earth This principle is actually very basic principle that we encounter all the time in fact And this is the so called principle of parallax And par axe is essentially a way of measuring a distance to an object without getting out of tape measure and lying it down on the ground between you and the object And the best way to think about this if you hold your finger out of arm's length and look at a distant object beyond it to dysentery or a distant building or something And close one eye you will see the position of your finger somewhere relative to that object If you now close that eye and open the other eye your finger will appear to move relative to that background object and you can oscillate between opening and closing each eye and seeing your finger flipping left and right as you do this This effect that corinne is describing parallax means that objects closer to you appear to move more than objects further away from you as your position changes So if you bring your finger even closer to you and then close and open each eye once more you'll see that the effect of parallax is even greater And it's this that's really useful in navigation And so what we're doing here is we're measuring essentially the distance because the amount by which your finger is shifting depends on how long your arm is what this means is that we will measure the positions of the stars will build a star catalog on the earth But if we move away from the earth then because the stars like our finger are not infinitely far away when our spacecraft moves it's like going from the left eye to the right eye the positions of the stars relative to some much more distant background stars but have appeared to have changed But the amount by which the positions appear to change depends on how far our spacecraft has moved essentially how far away it is between our two eyes And so we can use this measure of the parallax to determine how far our space problem has moved So in the future a spacecraft might be able to take advantage of parallax to navigate autonomously It compares its view of the stars with the map of how the stars look from earth and by seeing how the angles have changed could work out its position Now if you've been following closely or maybe you've also been watching navigation tutorial videos online this idea of comparing the difference between two.
The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe
"max planck institute" Discussed on The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe
"Winners Half of the prize was divided between kuro manabe from princeton university in the usa and cloud husselmann for them max planck institute for meteorology in hamburg germany and the other half goes to giorgio parisi from the soppy. Nc university of rome. Italy in german zano got got so cora manabe in class hosman worked independently published by ten years after manabe but they both contributed to climate models our ability to model the climate and to predict global warming so obviously very critical to the human civilization today manabe specifically was the first one to develop these types of of sophisticated climate models and he demonstrated how increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere lead to increase temperatures at the surface of the earth publishing mainly in the nineteen sixties So his work led to the development of bottles of earth's climate. He was the first person to explore the interaction between radiation balance and vertical transferred up transport of air masses and so on and so he did the foundational work that led to the basically the first climate models by ten years later class. Husselmann was the first one within these models to link weather and climate so he he was able to show even though we cannot predict the weather. We can predict the climate. And the how we go from whether the critical point so to other yeah So he also was able to use these models to find fingerprints of both natural forcing and human forcing in the climate right. So he's able to say. This is how we know that solar forcing is happening. And what effect it's having and this is how we know that human forcing from releasing co two is happening and this is how we we measure it in the salary account for its influence on the the climate so again critical to the understanding of how human emissions of carbon dioxide are affecting you know global average temperatures and then go another decade forward around nineteen eighty georgia. He wasn't working specifically on climate models. He was working on something a little more fundamental. He discovered a hidden patterns in disordered complex materials. So essentially developing a theory of complex systems. And this this work became critical to improving our climate models because that's basically they are complex systems so we basically improved the math of these models and showed how a system that looks entirely random whether it's material or a biological system or a neuroscience system where machine learning or the climate. How any of these things we say from nanostructures to the universe right his his Insights really scale entire the entire range how we can find the hidden. Patterns in these apparently chaotic or random appearing systems and the his work became critical to improving our climate models of that was the unifying theme of of those three physicists there they did foundational work that made possible or significantly contributed to our current climate models. Let's talk about those climate models free for just a second before we move on. How are they doing. They're doing wonderfully thank you. So this is a frequently encountered narrative that we see among the climate change deniers that the climate models are not accurate. They're not working or running hot. Whatever they're they're kind of cherry picking the normal back and forth of science and then trying to create this false narrative that the climate models don't work but there have been multiple evaluations of the climate models and it turns out there. They have been remarkably accurate. If you track the over. The last fifty years were right within the era bars. You know the actual warming that has happened it tracks incredibly well if you take through the average of the best models especially if you wait the models going forward like in other words the models that do better you give increasing to in terms of averaging out the models that make sense and that the the predictive power gets even better. I think an even more accurate when you weight them towards the more accurate models which may seem obvious. But i'm talking about like if you said. Oh yeah between one thousand nine hundred. Seventy nine hundred eighty. These models were really accurate. So how do they do. Between nineteen eighty one thousand nine hundred eight did really well and if you take the ones that really really well there and wait them more for later periods of time it it makes the averaging even more accurate one narrative encountered recently is that climate models of quote unquote running hot. If have you guys ever heard this. Is this this is part meaning that they're predicting going forward. Some of the client models were spitting out like these really rapid warming and some of the climate scientists like either. Something is wrong with these models or it's going to get a lot worse than we thought. Now you guys know remember. Climate sensitivity is technical definition. Climate sensitivity is the amount of warming that would happen as a result of a doubling of c o two concentrations from pre industrial levels pre industrial. Co two was two hundred eighty parts per million so doubling would be five hundred sixty recurrently approaching four hundred and twenty. So we're not there yet. Significant increase in the part familiar co two. The the range go. You know there's been a lot of debate over the decades about what the climate sensitivity actually is but the the range has been narrowing with more and more study which makes sense and currently. It's somewhere between two to five degrees celsius so the some of the recent models are saying looks like it's going to be closer to the five degree end of the spectrum. That's true we're screwed. I mean 'cause then it's already like all of the projections about what are we gotta do to prevent the worst outcomes. We're already passed all of them. If that's the case we're hoping it's going to be somewhere in towards the average like three would be nice three to three and a half. Maybe we'll get lucky in. It's two and a half or stuff into what is five mean. Five degrees warming above preindustrial levels. Yes opening of the co two. Now i know..
WABE 90.1 FM
"max planck institute" Discussed on WABE 90.1 FM
"Way to create chemical building blocks for anything from drugs to food flavorings The winners are David McMillan of Princeton and Benjamin list at the Max Planck institute in Germany and we have Benjamin list on the line from a train on his way to Germany Congratulations sir how are you feeling I feel just overwhelmed and super happy and well it's also an honor to speak to NPR Honored to have you Happy thank you How do you think about this recognition of your work and where the work you've done can take us all in the future Well let me say one thing upfront I don't know if you knew that but catalysis contributes to roughly a third of the global GDP I did not know that my goodness Yeah right I also only learned about it recently and the truth is also that we scientists we do this kind of research because we love doing it and it's not so much with direct application in mind usually when we do it The catalyst that we have made they are used to make pharmaceuticals for example including one important antiviral HIV Of course I don't take credit for this drug but only for the chemistry to make it available And for the most basic chemistry one O one organo catalysis for the rest of us How do you explain what it is Okay it's not so difficult because I've always thought there are only two types of catalysts So called bio catalysts these are the catalysts of life in all living organisms We need catalysts for example to digest our food And the other types of catalysts chemists appreciated where metal based catalysts often heavy metals and these are used for example in crude oil refining And in synthesizing gasoline and plastics And that was sort of the dogma for hundreds of years basically until David beckmann and we discovered that small organic molecules can also function as general catalyst class And in the beauty of catalysis is that you have what is called turnover right You add a little bit of something and then you produce a lot of something else Now the members of the Nobel panel called this new method simple as it is ingenious And one of them wondered why we didn't think of this earlier Was there a moment in your research when you thought this could be really big This is the Eureka moment here Yeah I think it really was there And even I was sort of very very skeptical when I did this early experiment And I thought maybe everybody knows already that it's a silly idea I remember during the experiment and seeing actually it worked and I somehow could foresee that there is a future for this what became a field And finally this is a big news day you're surprised here but have you thought about what you can do with this money I know what I can do because we just build a house my wife and I and I think this is going to be very helpful That his Benjamin list home renovator and the recipient of this year's Nobel Prize in chemistry he's with the Max Planck institute in Germany and you want it along with David McMillan of Princeton Thanks so much for the time and congratulations sir Thank you so much my great pleasure Have a nice day It's here and now Changing hearts and minds about the climate crisis comes one difficult conversation at a time Catherine hayhoe chief scientist of the nature conservancy joins us to discuss strategies for talking about climate change and how to connect to skeptics Her new book is saving us a climate scientist case for hope and healing in a divided world That's next time on think Tonight at 11 on 90.1 W ABE I'm Susan levy President Biden is restoring federal regulations that guide environmental reviews of major infrastructure projects such as highways and pipelines The reviews were scaled back last year by then president Trump in a bid to fast track projects that he said would boost the economy and provide jobs A judge in Florida says a mediator will be named to sort through claims arising from the collapse of a condominium and surfside in June that killed 98 people The hope is to avoid a bitter and lengthy battle over money the judge says victim claims are likely to far exceed the amount of money available The World Health Organization has recommended that the world's first malaria.
SpaceTime with Stuart Gary
"max planck institute" Discussed on SpaceTime with Stuart Gary
"A new study claims. The first stas began shining between two hundred fifty and three hundred and fifty million years after the big bang. Thirteen point eight. Two billion years ago. The findings reported in the monthly notices the roster society abased study of six of the most distant galaxies currently known galaxies whose light has taken almost the entire existence of the universe to reach here. The authors found that the distance of these galaxies away from earth corresponded to a look. Back time of more than thirty billion years an era when the universe was only five hundred and fifty million years old analyzing images from the hobbling spitzer space telescopes the authors were able to calculate the age of each of these galaxies ranging from somewhere around two hundred to three hundred million years and that allow them to estimate when they first formed stars the birth of the first ever stars known as cosmic dorn was a key event in the evolution of the universe. See it mac. The end of the cosmic dark ages the time before the first star sean and the ultraviolet light from those very first is triggered the beginning of cosmic reorganization the process that would eventually make the universe transparent and look the way it does today to determine the age of cosmic dawn the authors allies stylized from the galaxies as recorded by the hobbling spitzer space telescopes. They were looking for a macher in this spectrum which is indicative of the presence of tummy hydrogen in stellar atmospheres. This provided an estimate of the age of the stars see the hydrogen signature increases in strength as the still population ages but then it diminishes again when galaxies all around a billion years at age dependence arises because the more massive population three stars which contribute to this signal burn through their nuclear fuel fairly rapidly and therefore the i die one of the study's authors remand maya from university college london and the max planck institute in heidelberg says the same age indicators used to date stars earned still a neighborhood in the milky way and it can just as easily be used date extremely remote galaxies in the very early universe using this indicator astronomers could infer that the six galaxies hosting the stars must've already between two hundred three hundred million years old in analyzing the data from avalanche spitzer the authors needed to estimate the redshift of each galaxy which indicates their cosmological distance and hence the lookback time at which they were being observed. Redshift is a signature of how much the universe has expanded since the big bang to achieve this myron colleagues undertook spectroscopy measurements using a full armory of powerful ground based telescopes these included alma. The atacama large millimeter submillimeter array radio telescope. Vlt or very large telescope array. The twin kick telescopes in hawaii. And the i south telescope combining these measurements. Allow the team to confirm that looking at these. Galaxies corresponded to looking back in time to when the universe was just five hundred and fifty million years old over the past. Decade astronomers have been push back the frontiers of what they can observe two time when the universe was just four percent of its age however you to the limits of transparency and its atmosphere and the capabilities of the hobbling spitzer space telescopes. Astronomers of now pretty. Well reached the limit of their abilities with the present technology. However all that should change with the launch in november of nasr's new hobble replacement the james webb space telescope the authors believed james webb will have the capability to directly witnessed the cosmic dawn and the birth of the very first stars between two hundred fifty and three hundred and fifty million years after the very beginning of the universe..
The TWIML AI Podcast
"max planck institute" Discussed on The TWIML AI Podcast
"I'm really looking forward to digging into our conversation and your work. Which is at the intersection of robotics and machine learning. And i'd love to have you start us off with a little bit of background. How did you come to work in the field. Yeah i grew up in california. Actually although my name looks german. And i live in germany. I'm actually american. And i was raised by a research psychologist. My mom who said now retired professor and a surgeon and i was always fascinated by how things work and i wanted to create technology. Head helped people. I also did a lot of art. And i like riding ahead. Many many different interest and i was an athlete and athletics that led me to study at stanford university which was also enough to home but far enough away and i studied mechanical engineering. I really enjoyed understanding physics than how all had also design and build things produce functionality in the world and i was always drawn more towards like smart systems with sensors and actuators. Programming actually delayed taking programming class. Because i'd heard so difficult on the other athletes libel player. They all said oh. You know the programming class so hard. I loved it beyond words. And then i just i took more computer science punching i decided to stay for master's degree and i worked actually in as a teaching assistant a machine shop for two years helping students learn design and manufacturing like welding and casting bronze and milling aluminum and making parts sticking the shop late at night and i really fell in love with working with younger pupil helping them design and create things and i also took this amazing metrics class. There like realized. I wanted to become a professor and i that i needed a phd. And i needed a phd adviser. So i looked around and found a new professor. Was his first fish student. his name's Niemeier and he was one of the first engineers at intuitive surgical a robotic surgery company. That most of you probably know make davinci robot and we got along soup. Well was also volleyball player. And yeah the mechanical engineering computer science electrical intersection. It's really robotics Turning to do something useful whether that's in health or in consumer products or at work on so many different things now. I got my keach there and moved to the east coast after graduating. I did a brief post doc. At johns hopkins university with allison okamura now stanford i started make faculty career at the university of pennsylvania in the grass lab. She's a great robotics group a super lucky to have colleagues in several different academic departments to understand for nine and a half years. And we did. I mostly do have ticks research. Robotics and ottawa was at penn started doing more in autonomous. Robots giving autonomous robots a sense of touch sometimes through machine learning and then in two thousand seventeen january. I had the chance to to germany to become a director at the max planck institute.
Was jetzt?
"max planck institute" Discussed on Was jetzt?
"Shoots. Directions fit isn't podcasters who optimist most often the term. It lets us yet. Treaties of confab brighton. Sush cullinan annoy in fact soon the fact to fagan emphatic consent. Thousands wounded of feelings toes and by tigers. The physical enviable prison. Man for max planck institute not so much peterman dusty incidentally the about financing so the as roma via on us leaked wolf. I'm in fort ord. I know you're nash. Unseasoned beyond taken peiser by the oil patients who did seles eaters installs kindle union funds for yamba tacked on when the enid. Niimi duncan aachen. In the i listen scooters zogar abbots minister who bettas hide things to octopus orange. Correct that's by eta. Exact on doesn each year ending declined contact soon before an astounding influence on some version of hidden the infant convenience. Plan poop. line for even off donna. Us some one of them leading of intensive stats. You feeling mentioned us for on the sector of him with d hoped to a storage and data tax. Their mentors hunter. She'd niche fuan. Does entire image up getting very physi- that's going to influence fares so that inch monte lotta schnitt your host at the sky nets gadston an air cannon under image dot them to gung and the infants dozen on daffy by mystery jets clean mash indeed so tieman visa cello garesh sky trapped. Hi hello yeah especially student onto insecure. Kate scherzer's i had some video joined us in panama and stuff. Being in intensive study on zodiac emerge so heighten is would intensify invited them to a on disabled correct. So ask the latest mentioned to nvidia mojo. Fixed often tune in for him on this owl. Sean langer sean. That mona does mention steak. Farrington on indian Was proven mission. Etiquettes co. would you looked caveat a mention to asked to vision not mine another faggots connecticut. Venue despite cannot imf van the editing scanning so deserve tagging the vaccine the communist wash nail and uncovered nonsense. Clanking revere comment in tacoma. Infant doesn't in panamian against bizarre caller number and as i Abdicates up qatar. Eight dozen kind of field for low for her on the mr schroder gangs Tortonto muruga bose. Tag klein organic Unindo fan vandieres stimulus. Only davidge on komo mustard. Us anthony lesson about does give mice in kenosha. Human tissue from all fours in michigan to as fans alleged to follow a hidden. Gotta by eight as deflated zips and biden candidacy atop stimson. Aglow pervert now does albany. Hsun ender balloons kings of feeler. Dinghy clobber tacona. Infamous for allah analyzed to home discipline. Comcan on ener of glacier. Thank nafta tight some cleaner shots. Because that's bonus bundesliga you and china these elites that twitter you would einon gazettes as false like falling mentioned. Should minsk looks is minister peter. Eight maierhofer don from kazak legumes. Questions iowa touchdown Along alice in desire league's lead Gazettes i like what had some climate. Because that's obvious. Let's biden episode and podcasts on finance minister off. Charlotte's on invite ministers shoots of s padilla one Sufficient fosamax mustards. Falling is even unbought and socked on tomorrow's star be a sound from anthem knowing it's y z august designed to feud side lightning smith. Either the born in the 'cause that's just not on top done been getting in nixon Spy moxie month. And i and it's the parliament i- he which is he's finance minister will of shorts and abortion comex off there s padi constructing..
60-Second Science
Chimpanzees Show Altruism While Gathering Around the Juice Fountain
"Have you ever done something for someone else. Knowing that your actions would solely benefit them and not you. Maybe you opened a door or donate blood. Volunteered in hospitals e. r. during the pandemic this is called a pro social behavior caregiving group coordination conflict resolution. Sharing humans engage in these types of behaviors. All the time we've learned but it's a large part of the reason we succeeded as a species but a major question remains in science. A we the only species who do this one of our closest relatives chimpanzees have long been studied for signs of this their genetic. Similarities could help us tease out. The evolutionary trajectory of the desire to selflessly. Help others sir. For research has provided mixed results on the question studies of these animals in the wild and captivity seem to come to different conclusions. Some studies show the chimps cooperatively hunt share food and console each other but one highly cited study. Come to a very different conclusion. He said chimpanzees are indifferent to the welfare of others. The study use what's called a pro social choice. Test controlled lab experiment which in pansies in enclosures were given two options. Push a button to give fruit to themselves. Who push the button to give food to themselves and apartment chimp. If they chose the latter it was seen as a pro social behavior in that study chimps showed no special preferences for feeding themselves and a friend overfeeding just themselves into new research and a remote juice fountain in started but in a concrete fountain into the chimpanzees outdoor enclosures. The fountain was then hooked up to a large container of juice placed outside of the enclosure when an individual pushes the button. It releases juice from the fountain however since the button and fountain are approximately five meters apart. The individual pushing cannot directly drink from the fountain and if any other chimpanzees are at the fountain when the button is pushed they and not the pusher will be able to drink the juice that sarah detroit at the max planck institute for evolutionary anthropology leipzig compared to previous controlled lab based experiments. The setup for this was very naturalistic and detroit says chimpanzees were able to interact with a fountain in this social groups. In this context they discovered a willingness to act in the interest of others with chimpanzees prepared to activate the fountain without benefiting themselves.
60-Second Science
That Mouse in Your House: It's Smarter, Thanks to You
"You've ever hosted a mouse as a house guest you know they can be incredibly clever finding your food and that makes sense. They had to become better in traits like problem solving because we became better at hiding food from then on your guitar with the max planck institute in germany. She says that battle of the minds has made mice craftier over time longer. Demise was humans better. They are at problem. Solving there are more than a dozen subspecies of house mice worldwide and each began cohabitating with humans at different times in our evolutionary history. Take for example. We're marcus domestic. As it began raiding human pantries around twelve thousand years ago. Whiskas musculus our relationship with them began some eight thousand years ago and musculus castanos that one is a relative newcomer which began cohabitating only three to five thousand years ago and that spread in evolutionary life histories among the three groups gave guenter team and opportunity. They gathered one hundred fifty mice with constituents from all three groups and tested them with seven. Different food puzzles. Each puzzle was baited with a mealworm which the mice could only get by pushing or pulling live for example or extracting a ball of paper from a tube or my favorite opening the window of a lego house and they founded the longer amounts variety had lived with humans. The more likely it was to solve these puzzles. Basically what we are left at with trying to explain these results we see is that the mice really developed higher or enhance cognitive abilities. While living with humans the results appear in the proceedings of the royal society b and as the human footprint on the globe expands. Guenter says. it's more important than ever to understand how we influence animal minds to learn. Why some creatures like house mice adapt while others simply die out.
Space Nuts
"max planck institute" Discussed on Space Nuts
"So those are the parameters of stars they check out to be at the same distance from the solar system and they are moving together near the same direction space. That tells you that you've got a real binary pair and so this guy is essentially essentially doing this work and has produced this this catalogue. A similar people involved people i know. Because they were involved with the right program hands fall to rick's of the max-planck-institute for astronomy in heidelberg. He's one of them so they have looked for binary stars that is separated by ten times the distance between the us and the some so ten times that hayes. These are the sort of widely spaced ones. And what you've what you get is something like a measurements. They've actually measured that twenty. Five percent of all sunlight stars have a binary companion separations more than about actually these quite distant more than about thirty times the distance from the sun which is the same distance from the center pluto. Okay i think it's really interesting. The distribution peaks at a separation of thirty of fifty astronomical units thirty or fifty times the distance the sun. That's really quite quite a curious phenomenon to find what distance you have. The most of these pairs it must tell us something about evolution of binary stars. Well we've talked to before about al son having had a partner at some stage whether or not there was a binary or just a you know i think we have referred to it as a binary and it's drifted off somewhere. Just imagine now if it sort of was at the distance of pluto. What would our solar system be like. Then i mean when you look at the sun from pluto. It's it's not very big but if there was another one around that region things that are very different. Wouldn't i that that's exactly right. They would It's it's it is absolutely right that it may well be that the somehow companion back in the early history solar system for six billion years ago. The does now drifted off. That's now become freed from the gravitational attraction of the pair. This place into one of the things that have been discovered from this this new catalog and i'm quoting one of the office here. He's not hubs vaulter. I can't remember which one it is but let me just quote a this comes directly from the authors of the work. One thing we found that is cruel we discovered this with guy but we can now study better with the new sound call is that binary is like to be identical twins so that starts that a very very similar mass. Many binary star has a similar in math. So you've got one son like star you've got another son miche stars and he says that is really weird because most of them are separated by hundreds of thousands of astronomical units between it being the distance of the to the some so they are so far apart that by conventional star formation theories their masses should be random But the day the data tells a different story they know something about their companions matches. The implication is that they formed..
Space Nuts | Astronomy, Space and Science News
"max planck institute" Discussed on Space Nuts | Astronomy, Space and Science News
"So those are the parameters of stars they check out to be at the same distance from the solar system and they are moving together near the same direction space. That tells you that you've got a real binary pair and so this guy is essentially essentially doing this work and has produced this this catalogue a similar people involved people i know because they were involved with the right program hands fall to rick's max-planck-institute for astronomy in heidelberg. He's one of them so they have looked for binary stars that is separated by ten times the distance between the us and the some so ten times that hayes. These are the sort of widely spaced ones. And what you've what you get is something like a measurements. They've actually measured that twenty. Five percent of all sunlight stars have a binary companion separations more than about actually these quite distant more than about thirty times the distance from the sun which is the same distance from the center pluto. Okay i think it's really interesting. The distribution peaks at a separation of thirty of fifty astronomical units thirty or fifty times the distance the sun. That's really quite quite a curious phenomenon to find what distance you have. The most of these pairs it must tell us something about evolution of binary stars. Well we've talked to before about al son having had a partner at some stage whether or not there was a binary or just a you know i think we have referred to it as a binary and it's drifted off somewhere. Just imagine now if it sort of was at the distance of pluto. What would our solar system be like. Then i mean when you look at the sun from pluto. It's it's not very big but if there was another one around that region things that are very different. Wouldn't i that that's exactly right. They would It's it's it is absolutely right that it may well be that the somehow companion back in the early history solar system for six billion years ago. The does now drifted off. That's now become freed from the gravitational attraction of the pair. This place into one of the things that have been discovered from this this new catalog and i'm quoting one of the office here. He's not hubs valter. I can't remember which one it is but let me just quote a this comes directly from the authors of the work. One thing we found that is cruel we discovered this with guy but we can now study better with the new sound call is that binary is like to be identical twins so that starts that a very very similar mass. Many binary star has a similar in math. So you've got one son like star you've got another son miche stars and he says that is really weird because most of them are separated by hundreds of thousands of astronomical units between it being the distance of the to the some so they are so far apart that by conventional star formation theories their masses should be random But the day the data tells a different story they know something about their companions matches. The implication is that they formed..
The Last American Vagabond
"max planck institute" Discussed on The Last American Vagabond
"Fifth two thousand eighteen. Us military plans to spread viruses using insects could create new class of biological weapon Gas i completely agree insects. And this is the insect ally program that we've already talked about that. Whitney's written about that. I've talked about and i've written about in fact. Insects could be turned into a new class of biological weapon using new. Us military plans experts have warned. The insect allies program aims to use bugs to disperse genetically modified viruses into or wherever else. They wanted to use them. Remember all the genetically modified mosquitoes that were released all over and actually right before this all started and afterward as well. yeah. I do and it's interesting. This is something that seems to have a very clear tien now again. This is just a thought experiment but the realize that they're working literally bugs. That can dispersed genetically modified viruses. I just find that. We know that people like lebron. These people are working on virus mimicking technology. Guys there's something around all of this our governments and us not just the. Us are clearly driving something here. That is far more nefarious than we can get. Our hands are rapper. Minds around such action will have profound consequences and could pose a major threat to global by. Maybe that's what we're seeing now. According to the team that includes specialist scientists and lawyers right. this was back in two thousand eighteen. Seventeen they were sounding the alarm they were these scientists that were stepping up and saying guys. This is going to kill us. This is a huge biosecurity threat and our government is making weapons and nobody wanted to hear them. It says the This seemingly inoffensive goal has been slammed by these scientists who say the plan is simply dangerous. And then it's insects. Loaded with synthetic viruses will be difficult to control. Yeah that's good. The good guess send viruses given that darpa is a military agency with imperial college. Seems to have a two point five million dollar contract with we find it surprising that the obvious and concerning dual use aspects of this research have received so little attention. This is the lawyer university of freyberg. Freiburg speaking with the independent. I mean ask yourself why in the world is wouldn't get talked about. Where's the media the supposed journalists. They're supposed to be what they don't tell you this stuff because they're told not to because they're not actually journalists doctor. I read an expert in genetically modified insects at the max planck institute for evolutionary. Biology said that there has been hardly any debate about the technology and the program remains largely unknown..
60-Second Science
The Denisovans Expand Their Range Into China
"Like modern humans than neanderthals roamed widely throughout europe. We know this because they left behind. Extensive evidence usually bones or tools but their cousins. The denisovans our more mysterious until recently they were conclusively linked only to a single cave in southern siberia called denisova cave which lies between kazakhstan and mongolia in that cave. Scientists had found a finger bone three teeth and piece of skull which tip them off to the existence of a whole new lineage of ancient human now scientists have uncovered more of the range for the denisovans says de endo mossy lonnie of the max planck institute in germany. His team turned up evidence. The ancient humans occupied a high mountain cave on the tibetan plateau. Called by shia cave belongs to monks and -mongst things that it's a very holy place in fact among found a piece of jawbone there in nineteen eighty which has been tenuously linked to the denisovans salani and his team have now unearthed more conclusive evidence by sifting through cave sediments and sequencing the genetic evidence. The denisovans left behind. Buddy decay of people chests. Gabbing down the side like bleeding. There are coping ping could left their dna. The dna appears in layers suggesting the denisovans inhabited the cave as far back as one hundred thousand years ago as well as at sixty thousand years ago and perhaps even as recently as forty five thousand years ago meaning. The denisovans might overlapped in this region with modern humans. The results appear in the journal. Science mossy lonnie says. This method could enable more denise in detective work to this like so many caves when we have evidence of human activity but we don't have opening remain so if he can exploit to sediment can actually start to track down in segment. The denisova dini denise evans live on today in the genomes of some modern day humans from the south pacific further. Genetic work like this might give scientists more clues where early homo sapiens. I met and mixed with the elusive denisovans.
60-Second Science
Divide and Conquer Could Be Good COVID-19 Strategy
"Health experts shake their heads at the chaotic political divisions and inconsistent policies that have undermined attempts to control the spread of covid. Nineteen through much of the world but a new study by mathematicians in germany and the uk has applied the tools of chaos theory to show that divisions of a constructive kind could actually bring the pandemic under control much more effectively. The research was done at the university of oxford girding in university. And the max planck institute for dynamics and self organization. The group built a mathematical model of corona virus transmission that accounts for the inherently random ways that the number of infections fluctuates over time they noticed the case counts within small populations. Sometimes drop all the way to zero. As long as people are wearing masks social distancing and taking the other standard precautions though spontaneous extinctions of the disease made them wonder if the small towns or counties did more to isolate themselves from neighboring communities would that sometimes extinguished covid nineteen enough that they could lift restrictions and resume more of normal life for longer periods until the disease popped up again a rigorous mathematical analysis showed that indeed. This kind of divide and conquer strategy can work at least in theory. They published that result in the journal. Chaos then in a follow on study published in a reprint which has yet to be peer reviewed. The group ran simulations using county level data from germany england. Italy new york state and florida for each place. They compared to scenarios in the first leaders impose statewide or nationwide restrictions like those that western european countries have just put back into effect in the second scenario restrictions on movement kick in whenever infection rates rise above a threshold but the restrictions are applied county by county or even neighborhood by neighborhood within large cities. So that the population is effectively. Subdivided into groups no bigger than two hundred thousand people for example under this alternative strategy a big outbreak could force the upper west side of manhattan to restrict non essential movements for several weeks but in other neighborhoods on the island. Schools offices and restaurants could remain open so long as case count stayed low the researchers found that even when they allowed for modest intermingling among communities this approach of local control could cut by about eight percent the number of days that most people would have to spend living under tough restrictions. Their models predict that these benefits of local control might take a few months to become obvious but they also suggest that a subdivision strategy could save many many lives over the long
60-Second Science
Neanderthal DNA May Be COVID Risk
"The risk factors for covid nineteen are many old age obesity, heart conditions. But early genetics studies have identified another trait that some people who developed severe cove nineteen seem to share a cluster of genetic variations on their third chromosome and that DNA sequence likely derives from neanderthals says Hugo, Siegburg of the Max Planck Institute it is quite striking that S-. This veterans has lingered until house years fifty thousand years ago is. The approximate time humans and neanderthals interbred, and over the Millennia, those neanderthal variants have become more common in some homo sapiens populations than others for example, about sixteen percent of people of European descent carry at least one copy of the neanderthal stretch half of South Asians do and nearly two thirds of Bangladesh's, and that's kind of fascinating is so high that points towards that it must must've been beneficial in the post. I mean it's much higher than we expect. Undone. It's totally expunged in east as shown in China. Some something has happened driving the frequency often certain placing removing a token, the other places they details are in the journal, nature. See Bergen is colleague right that perhaps the NEANDERTHAL DNA happens to boost the risk of developing severe covid nineteen and they point to the fact that in the UK people of Bangladeshi descent have twice the risk of dying of cove nineteen than the general population. But as Epidemiologists Neil of the University of Nottingham pointed out in an email people of African descent in the UK are also being hurt more by the virus. Despite, having hardly any neanderthal genes instead, it's social factors like crowded multi, generational households or working frontline jobs that are more likely to be driving the trend seen in the UK that's according to Andrew Heyward Director of the Institute of Epidemiology in Healthcare at University College London, and as both epidemiologist pointed out, it's worth remembering that you can only develop severe covid nineteen if you're exposed to the virus in the first place.
BrainStuff
How Long Can Andean Condors Fly Without Flapping Their Wings
"Imagine your average three-year-old human child something around three feet or a meter tall probably covered in jam a now imagine that child trying to get off the ground with a pair of wings bid have to be pretty big wings. Welcome to the plight of the Indian condor species name Volt Hor griffiths the heaviest flying bird in the world. Weighing in at up to thirty three pounds or fifteen kilos, they keep their heavy bodies in the air with some of the longest wings in the world there wingspan can range over ten feet long that's over three meters. There are only a handful of birds carnally living on our planet have larger wings spans, and they're all pelagics, birds, a plastic birds being seabirds that soar over the open ocean for weeks at a time, such as fast petrels and sheer waters. As far as we know, the largest brand ever fly was the Pella. Gorna Sanders C., which lived twenty five to twenty, eight million years ago and was twice as large as the biggest bird living today with a wingspan of twenty four feet over seven meters. Seabirds can accomplish this. Thanks in part to the literally uplifting winds that flow over oceans the Indian condor. Mostly relies on updrafts high in the Andes mountains across much of Western, south. America. The problem with being such a huge bird is that it makes getting off the ground or even flapping those giant wings and flight a bit of an ordeal. Soaring is easy once they're up in the sky and that's mainly what Andean condors do they just float like hang gliders in the air currents sometimes serving the ground for dead animals to eat as a scavenger and sometimes just having an APP. But this means that taking off is the most costly part of the birds overall energy supply. Scientists have always known that they spend very little time flapping their wings but a study published in July of twenty. Twenty and the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found the Andean condors flap, their wings, a sum total of almost never. Not, only to the researchers find colossal birds, flap their wings one percent of their total flight time they discovered a bird could fly for five hours and more than one hundred miles or one hundred, fifty kilometers without flapping them once. The research team found that weather didn't affect how much flapping the condors were doing. Study Co author Hannah Williams a postdoctoral researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior said in a press release. This suggests that decisions about when and where to land are crucial as not only do condor's need to be able to take off again but unnecessary landings will add significantly to their overall flight costs. All of which means that in Congress must understand how to use thermals, thermals being invisible patterns and bubbles of air moving all around in the atmosphere to their advantage, and they must understand this much better than scientists previously gave them credit for.
60-Second Science
Indigenous Amazonians Managed Valuable Plant Life
"Barred. If you watch nature documentaries it's easy to come away. With the impression that lush tropical forests have been largely undisturbed until modern times tropical forests of soda long been considered to be these pristine wildernesses that humans haven't really touched until recent industrial foolish started to invade them and challenge them with twenty th century capitalism archaeological scientists. Patrick Roberts of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of human history however in the last two decades archaeological data shown that actually human societies occupied modified these environments of many Millennia. Roberts says some of the trees alive in tropical forests are up two thousand years old and they're sort of like time capsules storing record of past human activity in their tree rings chemistry and DNA so we wanted to see how different existing methods might come together to explore. Tree populations tree groves tree ages by looking at the largest witnesses of the changes in human activity in the tropics. The trees themselves for example indigenous peoples of the Amazon basin cultivated Brazil nuts for thousands of years. Roberts colleague Victor Kitano Andrade analyzed tree rings to determine the age and growth rates of Brazil nut trees near the city of Manaus. He found that many trees were established in the late. Sixteen hundreds but there was a steep drop off in new trees around the middle of the eighteenth century as colonial communities came into analysis about the city. They drove indigenous. People out often killing them they found is that actually that growth slowed after this period without these traditional management strategies. Brazil Nut Trees. That were still standing name announced. Today we're actually affected by these pre and post colonial changes in human settlement activity. Another example is how communities selected for genetic traits in a variety of tropical trees such as the cocoa tree used of course to make chocolate of more detailed full gene. I'm alison this. Plant has shown that humans may have even selected genes. That reduced bitterness improved. Its resistance to disease for their own economic benefit. The study is in the Journal. Trends and plant. Science Roberts's recognizing tropical trees is time capsules of cultural heritage. Gets US yet? Another reason to protect them. Not just because of their ecological benefits which is hugely significant but also the information. They store about human
60-Second Science
Musical Note Perception Can Depend on Culture
"Music music but what shapes our perception of music to candidates are the limits of the human brain and the exposure. We've already had to music during our lives. If we only test participants with expense with best music than we'd really can't know whether the speeches come from the experience or from the biological constraints psychologists noory Jacoby of the max-planck-institute for empirical aesthetics during the past few years he and his colleagues have visited a remote area of Bolivia took investigate this question so we traveled there by taking canoe ride or it can Cessna plane or a couple of hours track to communities. Don't have running water orange. The CIMINI are an indigenous people who live in the Amazon Basin we specifically recruited participant from the believe in Amazon because this this participant had relatively little exposure to music for example octaves are a staple of western music but Jimani musical instruments don't feature them as an acoustical go phenomenon. An octave is defined as the interval in which the vibrational frequency of the bottom note is half that of the top note. They're considered the same note inactive apart for example Middle C. N. Nine High C. for the study she money participants pence were asked to listen to simple melodies and sing them back to the researchers. This exercise revealed that the money don't perceive tones that are knocked of apart as the same note on the other hand participants from the US did recognize octaves other musically trained Westerners were better at it than those with no musical training ansel Hansel what is exciting years highlights the importance of experience and exposure on the mind the researchers in the journal current biology in an earlier study Jacoby Bubis colleague Josh Mcdermott and his team from mit found that the chimney don't find an unpleasant to hear notes sight-seeing f sharp played together but there are distant Combo. That's particularly grading too many western years. Despite the evidence that experience influences pitch perception biology college is also a factor. Jacoby says the new study also revealed the both Westerners and the Toumani have trouble distinguishing between really high notes above four thousand thousand Hertz even though human hearing goes all the way up to twenty thousand Hertz and that may be because no matter where we're from we hit the limits of our brains before we reached the limits of our ears. Thanks for
SpaceTime with Stuart Gary
Colossal X-ray "chimneys" discovered at center of the Milky Way
"Have discovered two colossal chimneys family material from the vicinity the Milky Way supermassive black hole into two huge. Cosmic bubbles the giant bubbles discovered? Back in twenty ten by necessary. Fermi gamma Ray space telescope, one bubble stretches above the plane of the Milky Way galaxy disk and the other below it looking side on they shape akin to a giant colossal Alagoas spans. Some fifty thousand light is with about half the diameter of the entire galaxy. You can think of these gamma-ray bubbles sort of John burps of material from the central regions of Amway way where it central black hole. Nonessential Terry's a star resides. Now, the European Space Agency's X men using space telescope has discovered. Two channels surveyed x Ray material streaming outwards from secretary say star and finally linking the meat surroundings of the black hole in the bubbles together. The study's lead author Gabriela Ponti from the Max Planck institute says strong of known that outflows and winds of material and energy emanating from the galaxy crucial in sculpting, an altering the galaxy shape of time these k- plays in how galaxies and other structures full men evolve throughout the cosmos, and our Milky Way. Galaxy gives us tournaments a knee by Lebar tree to explore this phenomenon. Dato letting them probe how material flows added to space from the black hole. The authors used data gathered by union between twenty sixteen in two thousand eighteen to form the most extensive x Ray Meh and made of the galaxy's core. The map showed these long channels of superheated gas, h extending for hundreds of light is streaming above and below the plane of the Milky Way, a strongest thing that these actors will sort of exhaust pipes which energy and massive being transported from galaxy is hot out to the base of the bubbles replenishing them with new material the finding clarifies how the active. Occurring in the core of the galaxy both prison in past is connected to the existence of the largest structures around it. The flow could be a remnant of the galaxies passed from a period when I was more prevalent and powerful or it may prove that even cuisine galaxies like those hosting relatively quiet supermassive black holes with moderate levels of staff or mation, like the Milky Way, for example can still bust eugenic outflows material Mogae despite its categorization as questioned in the cosmic scale of galactic activity. Previous day different makes him a mutant has revealed that the milky ways call is still quite multiples and chaotic dying stars explode. Violently throwing them till outer space binary stars will around one another and secretaries a star amongst the black hole containing the equivalent of four point three million times, the mass of son, which he's lying there in wait for incoming material to devour late up Bill checkout radiation in genetic paddock was as does show.