5 Burst results for "Matthew Mclaughlin"
The Corner
"matthew mclaughlin" Discussed on The Corner
"Through him. I got knife through butter. It's just when it says a different level of something when someone's not scared at all. Where he went in and I was like, no, we're going to stand in bang, bro no, are you going to feel you out? Nope. We're going to stand. We're going to bang, and I'm going to train and land before you. Nothing but confidence. And now you look at Sergei and be like, well, he can't be far off from the title. They'll probably give him Cyril gone if it's not going for a title shot. Coming up, the division you don't know what's happening. At the top of the here in the heavyweight division with Jon Jones, allegedly waiting to come back and then you have Francis, who don't know when he's going to be healthy or training or ready for a camp. I believe the UFC has like three or four pay per view cards in the works already. A lot of them international, so where do you even put that fight? It's going to be interesting to see where the heavyweight title lands. And then you still got a guy like Steve. He was just chilling in a firehouse. Tell him. Fight fires? Collect this check? He's still not the greatest UFC heavyweight of all time. Yeah, I fight when I want to fight. So that's another guy where it's like, if he wants to come out and fight Sergei, he can. So Sergei is in a good spot, but people already rocking him to the title already. Then we have MCS versus Matthews McLaughlin, another knock. Second round. The cloud just when you go in there and talk about that confidence. Being able to impose yourself on your opponent. Amazing job, amazing job by him. Co main event. Brian barbarino is on our show last week. Said he wants to take RDA to place he's never been. He wants to pressure him. Well, the fight went exactly where RDA wanted it to. And that's in the clinch, and that's on the ground. And RDA, especially at welterweight, bigger body, he's coming from obviously being a 155 pound champion. He's going to up and down a little bit, trying to find his weight. He's dense. It's not like he's a sloppy one 70. Man is big. So when he's on the ground with you, and he has control, he's the definition of the wet blanket. It's just taking so much energy and he just wore down Brian barina until he gets the submission victory in the second round. So amazing performance by dos anos against Brian barbarino who's on a tear. Taking out all these veterans. I was like, not so fast. And this brings me, and I won't spend too much time on it. So a very interesting interesting thing. If Conor McGregor truly wants to come back. He's not getting a title shot off Rick. I'm not even sure if he can make one 55. Because now he's super big movie star just trying to be the world's best action hero, Conor McGregor. It looks like he's two 20. But for the sake of this argument, let's say Conor's one 95. One 90 muscle. He's just yoked now. Let's say he can get back into the testing pool and everything's clean. One 90 Conor McGregor, I can see him cutting down a one 70. Again in shape. Welterweight might be where he lives from now on. If he wants to cut more fights, welterweight would give him opportunity to be a three division champion, not many people say that. I don't think anyone can sit. So when you're looking at that possibility, it's a challenge that may intrigue Connor, you're not coming in, you're not fighting a Leon AdWords and I find him Kamaru Usman. None of those guys off rip. Why not? Fight RDA, a fight that was supposed to happen. For RDA gets injured, Nate Diaz steps in and they Diaz beats Connor, Connor then goes and fights Nate, Nate is no longer in the UFC. It seems like this was yesterday. Wow, how much things have changed since? And RDA is still here. RDA is still winning. Let's see where Connor got. Connor said he could have knocked RDA out back then. Let's go for it. Let's see how that fight would have played out. You two fight at welterweight. And then Connor, if you want a title shot, if you want a Bo guard and say, I'm pay per view, Connor. If you want to come in and after Leon and Kamara run it back, whoever wins that, if you say, you know what? Especially if tomorrow. If tomorrow Wayne's and you'd be like, ah, the wolf, he got her way. Hansa, nah, you're good. You gonna go wait for a second, 'cause I'm challenging Guzman. And it was the pay per view check. I wouldn't mind it was my first kind of out there, but Ernie, not right away. I think come back RDA fight would be great. I feel like if it's not a title fight after that because Connor doesn't really need a bill. That's more like for legacy. I'm bragging rights, but his second fight could be a guy like Jorge Masvidal. I welterweight,
Science Magazine Podcast
"matthew mclaughlin" Discussed on Science Magazine Podcast
"That might yet be undetected? Our results suggest that upwards of a quarter of this group of non native species, the hemiptera species may not have been discovered at the end of our study in 2012. That's a substantial portion. It's about 250 species compared to at that point we had discovered about 700 species. One of the goals of this paper seems to be to model the relationship between trade and invasives and figure out what the main drivers are that disconnect them, what lessons can we take away from this? I think there are a couple of lessons. I think for targeting inspection efforts, this can provide some really great background information. We see that the marginal risk changes pretty dramatically over time and it changes across world regions. What this means is that we may have a relatively risky trading partner that then the risk from their imports decreases over time in contrast. Some imports may become more risky over time. The other thing that we found that was extremely interesting was thinking very carefully about how to account for some of these really important mechanisms in the discovery process was really helpful. So we have a nice proxy for search effort in here. What this means is that how hard are we looking for the bugs? It's very hard to measure. This can be done by academic institutions, governments, individuals, just about anyone can look for bugs. So it's really hard to know how much search effort is going on. So we use discoveries of native amateur species to proxy for those. And that really helped us to identify a very important part of the establishment and discovery process. And I think that this can open a lot of new avenues for thinking about how to use your existing information to answer the questions that you're looking at about non native species discoveries. Is it possible to take this approach, making a model like this, looking at the history of discovery and helping other places in the world model their invasives influx and maybe help abate that? I'll stay away from the policy implications of it. But using similar information, we could certainly study the establishment and discovery process in other contexts. There's nothing that's necessarily unique about the U.S., other than we have some great data resources that allow us to look back at trade into the mid 19th century. And that we have an abundance of species records to draw from. Thanks, Matt. Thank you, Sarah. Matthew McLaughlin is a research economist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, economic research service. You can find a link to the science advances paper we discussed at science dot org slash podcast. Stay tuned for the next installment in our series on books at the intersection of race and science. This month, host Angela saney.
Science Magazine Podcast
"matthew mclaughlin" Discussed on Science Magazine Podcast
"This week's episode is brought to you in part by the science of mentorship podcast. Effective mentors are critical part of the development of undergraduate and graduate students in science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine, but did you know that mentorship is a skill set that can and should be learned practiced and improved upon. You can hear all about it on the podcast, the science of mentorship from the national academies of sciences, engineering and medicine. In season one of the science of mentorship, respected stem leaders, like doctors Ellen ochoa, akiko iwasaki, and Jim Gates. Talk about what it was like to be young students seeking mentors in what were sometimes difficult circumstances, and how they integrated those experiences into their own practices as they became mentors themselves. Season two of the science of mentorship approaches the topic from the other perspective, featuring the experiences of undergrads, graduate students and postdocs as they navigate the culture of stem and prepare for their careers. The science of mentorship podcast will help you see how evidence based approaches can support truly effective mentorship in your career and at your institution. Listen to the science of mentorship wherever you get your podcasts and learn more at NAS EDU slash mentoring. That's NAS that EDU slash mentoring. Here in Indiana, it's that special time of year when the stink bugs started coming. Marmorated Brown stink bugs are crawling up my screens and creeping in doorways. But this is not actually a very long-standing tradition here in Indiana. This particular insect is an invasive. The marmorated stink bug came to the U.S. from Asia. Sometime in the 90s, we think. It's not always easy to tell when an invasive species arrives. Matthew McLaughlin is a research economist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, economic research service. This week, he wrote in science advances about the time between when an invasive species gets here and when we figure out that it's here. Hi Matt. Hi, Sarah. Thanks for joining us. Thanks for having me. There's kind of a mystery at the heart of the study, trade with other countries has increased drastically over the last century or so. But we haven't seen a perfectly parallel increase in the arrival of invasive species. More trade doesn't automatically mean more invaders. So when you look back at these two timelines of trade and invasive species, where do you see the path diverge the most? Where do you see the biggest disconnects? This study goes all the way back into the mid 19th century. So we see a pretty continuous disconnect between these two series over time. We have these periods of exponential growth, like in the early 20th century, like in the 1960s, 70s, 80s and 90s. But we don't always see a corresponding increase in the number of discoveries. This coupling seemed to be closer in the early 20th century and much more disconnected in the later part of the 20th century. What were you looking for along these timelines? What were you trying to take into account when you were trying to understand this relationship? There are a lot of things that can affect how not native species are established in the new country. So we really wanted to pare it down to what are the most important drivers? And we thought about what contributes most to non native species introductions, particularly for our group of species. These are a group of plant feeding insects. So plant life plant imports are going to be the main pathway by which they're introduced. We can't account for all the changes and there's many of them, the types of ships change inspection technologies change what we bought from foreign countries where we bought it changed. So we really tried to pair it down to the most essential relationship we could identify. Does country of origin seem to have a big effect? Yeah, absolutely. So the country of origin is something that we collapse down or aggregated into these biological regions. We know that these insects tend to move around between countries. They're not necessarily going to respect borders. So we had to think about imports from these larger areas within which the bugs are free to move around, but then can be imported by any of the member countries. Is it the climate? Important, so where it's coming from, you know, the climate there? Does it have to match? Here in the U.S. for us to see more invasives from there. There are some studies that focus on this, in particular, this question, this study did not focus on that question. We do see that northern hemisphere countries and areas like Europe and Asia tend to be the largest sources of these non native species introductions, whereas southern hemisphere areas, places like Australia, Indonesia and places along these lines tend to have fewer species introductions associated with them. What did you find in your research were the biggest drivers of this disconnect between what's going on with trade and what's going on with invasive species. We found that the passage of time explains a heck of a lot. So we found that marginal and average introduction risk or establishment risk really changed a lot over our time period. And that average introductions went down somewhere in the order of 80 to 99% across all our world regions over the last 50 years of our time cycle, not even over the whole time horizon. So we've really seen by the end of the time cycle, the risk that each unit of trade introduces really diminishes. Is that because we're better at looking for pests? Is that because we've already gotten all the pests we're going to get? Do we know anything about why? We allow for attenuation or this feature that non native species pools might be exhausted that there are no new species left to introduce and establish. We didn't find that. We didn't find significant evidence of that sort of attenuation. What we can say is that sanitary policies really changed during this period. So in the 1920s, we had the plant quarantine act in the 60s, we had a similar step of escalating inspection policies. And so another USDA agency, I'm part of the economic research service, aphis is charged with doing these inspections and the technologies they're using and the amount of resources they commit to this effort are really going to change over time. I was really surprised at this one number and the paper, the median lag time between arrival and discovery that you report or that you that you cite is 80 years. Did that surprise you? That did surprise us. We found that even among some of the damaging species where we know exactly when they were introduced and when they were found, we found some lags between establishment and discovery of upwards of 40 years. And so for considering all species, some of which don't cause much damage at all, you know, having a longer leg isn't too surprising. Additionally, we use a proxy of discoveries of native species, which stretches back all the way into the 18th century, meaning that some of these native committers species that we're finding in this country. They've gone undiscovered since the beginning of record keeping. So several hundred years. So yeah, so I think it was very interesting. We have a confidence interval that would include something on the shorter end of a couple decades. But we find some circumstance evidence that supports our finding of a very long line between establishment and discovery. Does that mean, you know, using that number that they're likely a lot of invasives here.
Science Magazine Podcast
"matthew mclaughlin" Discussed on Science Magazine Podcast
"And Hydra and other simple animals really do sleep. And I think that more and more sleep researchers are coming around to thinking that it's not just mammals that sleep and that sleep can look a little different in other organisms, but they all have this restful state with the same characteristics of sleep that we have ourselves. Right. What purpose would sleep or sleep like state serve in animals like this? You know, when I think about what sleep does for us, it's clearing out ways from the brain, consolidating memories. What could be happening in, say, a Hydra or a jellyfish? So scientists are not sure. But what they think might be happening is the sleep state may be a time for cells to get rid of toxic waste that they built up by working all day. They also think that it's a time that damaged to DNA can be repaired that happens during the light part of the day. They also think that it's sort of a way to rejuvenate and reorganize. If it's not focused on the brain, if the brain is not the key client of sleep processes, other tissues are involved. So does that mean that our tissues in mammals in people are also going through these processes and can we detect that? There is evidence that the immune system, the gut and other organs in the body do benefit from sleep and are impaired by sleep deprivation. So once scientists began to realize that other parts of the body, besides the brain, might need sleep. They started thinking about, well, maybe those other parts of the body signal that they need sleep. And so there have been some discoveries primarily in other organisms like mice that implicate muscles, for example, and the gut in controlling sleep to some degree. I can see my legs trying to tell me that we're tired. Exactly. We've identified sleep as a behavioral thing and also as a series of brain activities, things that all can help us define sleep from this macro scale. What about the microscope? Can we say this is the cellular version of sleep? This is the biochemical version of sleep. We can't quite yet say this is the cellular version of sleep or the biochemical version of sleep. But what researchers are finding is that genes that are related to sleep either helping to cause that or helping you to stay away or whatever that they've discovered in mutant mice or mutant fruit flies, those same genes are in Hydra and jellyfish and even simpler group of animals called placozoans. So what they're beginning to wonder is whether there is a molecular signature of sleep that you can test for in these simpler organisms that don't behave exactly the way we behave when we sleep. And could those be targets for investigation in sleep and us or even in problems with sleep? Yes. I think so. And I think researchers are excited about studying sleep in other animals because the sleep pathways, the genetic pathways, the biochemical pathways that regulate sleep in them might be a little bit simpler and more basic than the pathways that regulate sleep in humans. And it's been notoriously difficult to really understand sleep in humans on a biochemical basis. The idea is is that if you can determine what the basic process is by which the cell is told to go to sleep and their cell is told to wake up and the molecules involved with that, then you can develop drugs that target those molecules and how people sleep better or overcome the sleep disorders that some people suffer from. Do you feel like now is a time where you're really seeing a change in the way that research is being approached? I think so. I'm the little bias because I am a little bit less human focused in my reporting than other people. But I do think that there's a growing appreciation of the broader nature of sleep in terms of what organs it serves and how it's controlled. All right, thank you so much Liz. Okay, well, thank you, have a good day. Liz ponisi is a staff writer for science. You can find a link to the article we talked about and the rest of the sleep special issue at science dot org slash podcast. Don't touch that dial. Up next we have researcher Matthew McLaughlin, he talks about why we don't see more invasive animals.
Science Magazine Podcast
"matthew mclaughlin" Discussed on Science Magazine Podcast
"This is the science podcast for October 29th, 2021. I'm Sarah crespi, each week we feature the most interesting news and research published in science and the sister journals. First up this week we have, why brainless animals sleep? Jellyfish, Hydra, roundworms. They all have a version of sleep. Liz ponisi is a staff writer for science. She talks about what we can learn from these simple sleepers. Next, we're gonna look at centuries of alien invasions or put more simply invasive insects moving around the planet with trade. Matthew McLaughlin is a research economist at the USDA economic research service. He wrote in science advances about how long it takes us to realize an invader is already here. Finally, a book on racism and search algorithms. Angela saney is the host for a series of interviews on race and science. This month, she talks with safiya noble about her book. Algorithms of oppression, how search engines reinforce racism. Did you know that jellyfish can sleep? Brainless creatures, like Hydra, roundworms, these things seem to need sleep, or something like sleep. This week, we have a special issue on sleep, and there are a ton of open questions in this area. Liz ponisi is a staff writer for science. She wrote about what simple sleepers can tell us about the big sleep questions. Hi Liz. Hi. I love the way you open your piece with these really existential sleep thoughts. How can something without a brain or even neuron sleep? And why do they need to sleep? My favorite, though, is this idea of sleep as the default state and that wakefulness is the evolved state. Can you expand on that? For a long time, people just thought about sleep in terms of something that you need for the brain. And now recently they've been finding sleep like or sleep behavior in ever simpler creatures. And that's led some researchers to speculate when sleep evolve and to think that it evolved in the very, very beginning of life. And so there's one idea out there that life started out as a pretty dormant thing and that wakefulness. In other words, the ability to respond to the environment and adapt to the environment is a secondary state, whether or not this is true, I have no idea. But it's an interesting way to think about it because it kind of puts the burden of wakefulness on us rather than the burden of sleep when we're trying to figure out how it evolve. Exactly. If we start with brainy creatures, maybe it's a little easier here. How do we define sleep in animals with brains? The definition of sleep has shifted over time, depending on the technology we have for measuring sleep. So of course, early on, it was just what happens when you go to sleep. You lay down. You become oblivious to the world around you. You wake up noises, but you might not wake up if someone walks by you. So what they call unresponsive to stimuli. And another key thing is if you don't get the sleep you need, you have to make up for it. So that was one definition that held sway up until the 50s or 60s. Then researchers developed ways to put electrodes, which measure electrical activity on their surface of the brain or the scalp. So, you know, you can think about those little wires attached by little adhesive tape. They attach electrodes to the surface of the head and they watch what happens in the brain and they notice that when people sleep, they have two kinds of sleep that have active sleep or rem sleep and then quiet sleep or non rem sleep. And so for a period of time, that's how researchers really knew that people were asleep and really defined sleep in that way by the electrical activity in the brain. So what happens after looking at the brainwaves? What have we done new things since then? Since then, people began to think about, well, maybe something besides mammals sleep. For the longest time we thought only mammals and maybe birds went to sleep and needed to sleep. Because they have big brains and they always brains need to rest and rejuvenate. But then at the turn of the 21st century, some researchers started looking at fruit flies and lo and behold, found they sleep. But because they didn't have electrodes to put on the scalps of these fruit flies. So they turned to the older definition of sleep, which is based on the behavior laying down, stopping moving, becoming unresponsive, needing to have makeup for deprived sleep. And using those criteria, they figured out that, yes, fruit flies sleep. And so do crayfish and octopus and roundworms and a whole bunch of other things. How can you even detect sleep in something like a jellyfish, which I think is one of the examples that you bring up in the story? They focused on a behavior and started videoing whether or not that behavior changed. So with these jellyfish, which are called upside down jellyfish because they hang out with their tentacles facing the surface of the water. They notice that they tend to spend time at the bottom of an aquarium say if you watch them in the lab where the bottom of the shallow area where they're saying. And so they realized since these jellyfish sort of stay put in are not constantly floating around. They could actually video them over a 24 hour period to see if they change what they did and what they watched is how often the jellyfish pulse and move their tentacles in a uniform way to get water to pass over them. And what in a video them over the day in the night, they noticed that the pulse rate changes from about 60 beats a minute to about 39 beats a minute. And so they thought, okay, that might be sleep. So to further test that, they then looked at whether or not the jellyfish were unresponsive. In other words, like you, when you're asleep, you don't notice when somebody walks by. This jellyfish notice when you do something that might disturb them. And the way they tested that is they made a false bottom in their aquarium and basically pulled the bottom out from underneath them. Now during the day, as soon as you do that, the jellyfish swim down to the nu bottom. No hesitation. But at night when they're posting only 39 beats and are maybe asleep, it takes them quite a long while to sort of recognize that they're not at the bottom anymore and move back down. And what if you deprive them of their slow beat time? Then what you notice the next night that they sleep the sleep more soundly. In other words, they pulse even more slowly and they pull slowly for an ever long period of time. So I want to sense they're making up for lost sleep. Can we call that sleep or is this just a circadian rhythm? Is this just syncing up with the processes of the world that are all synced up to the sun and the darkness and the light periods? Well, you know, that's a difficult question and there's some debate in the research community about whether jellyfish.