35 Burst results for "MD"
Dennis Prager Podcasts
Fearing for the Future
"That's okay. Look, it's not fair to me to expect any more courage from doctors than from college presidents. I'm not being cute. There was no reason why, when you get an MD, you get courage. In fact, the opposite now, as I showed you at Columbia University medical school and the university of Minnesota medical school, you are taught to be a sheep from the day you enroll in those medical schools. You are thought to be a coward and will say anything they tell you to say and think anything they tell you to think. I fear for the future of this country. When you go to your doctor in 20 years. You may be visiting a warped person. Hopefully they'll know medicine. I rather have a warp person who knows medicine than a fine person who doesn't know medicine treat me. It's true.
AP News Radio
Maxey scores 27, 76ers roll past Heat 119-96 without Embiid
"Playing without Joel embiid was an issue for the 76ers in a one 1996 romp over the heat. Tyrese maxi led the charge with 27 points while embiid sat out with left foot soreness. The sixers have won 9 of their 13 games when playing with at MD this season. Paul Reed added 16 points and 14 rebounds. I was taking the personal, you know, we lost to this team in the playoffs last year. And we lost it on last night. And I mean, our last night, but the other night, and so I really had a chip on my shoulder tonight. And I really wanted to prove a point. Being at a bio was high man for the heat with 20 points. I'm Dave ferry.
AP News Radio
Primary care a hot target; CVS spends $10.6B on Oak Street
"Big money is pouring into primary care clinics as healthcare giants hunt for ways to cut costs by keeping people healthy, CVS Health has announced it will spend nearly $11 billion to buy oak street health, a company that runs care centers for mostly lower to middle income people with Medicare advantage plans. Three months ago, Walgreens announced a $9 billion investment in village MDs acquisition of summit health city MD and urgent and primary care chain. CVS CEO Kieran lynch says she sees primary care as a key to improving patient health. She says, although primary care represents only about 10% of healthcare spending nationally, it holds what she calls significant influence over healthcare use. I'm Mike Hempen
The Dinesh D'Souza Podcast
Dinesh Reports on an Exchange With Psychologist Jordan Peterson
"I want to talk briefly about an exchange I had on Twitter with the psychologist Jordan Peterson over the issue of the death penalty. Now there's kind of an interesting ancient story about the debt penalty actually is attributed to the fellow named Draco Draco is the root of the word that we use today draconian and Draco is known for giving very severe punishments. He was in charge of administering Roman justice, and he apparently gave the death penalty even for pretty minor offenses, as well as for major offenses. So someone asked him, they go, hey, Draco, listen, you give the death penalty for major offenses, but why are you giving it from minor offenses also? It seems somewhat unfair to do that. And Gregor goes, well, yeah, it is unfair. I'd like to give penalties that are even more severe than the death penalty for more severe offenses, but there are no such penalties to be given the death penalty. It's kind of the worst I can do. So this is a to me somewhat black humor type of anecdote. But in any event, the way this exchange with Jordan Peterson began as I saw a post on Twitter by a guy who says, this is doctor Joel Brown at Joel Brown MD. I still believe the only executioner who's qualified and trustworthy is God. That's my issue with the death penalty. I don't trust corruptible systems. He means the state or people to permanently end any human's life unborn or elderly, your first and final breath should be determined by God alone. So I reacted to that and said, I've long supported the death penalty because I believe those who deliberately and callously take the lives of other people thereby forfeit their own right to life. And I said, I still believe that even so, I said, this post has got me thinking, dot, dot, dot. And then Jordan Peterson weighs in, weighs in on behalf of Joel Brown, and he goes, the state should never have that much power. That does not mean that no crimes are worthy of death. It just means that the power of the state also has to be kept in check.
ACN Newswire
TVS Motor Companys Chairman Sir Ralf Speth conferred with University of Warwicks Honorary Doctorate
"12 p.m. Saturday January 21st, 2023. TVS motor company's chairman sir Ralph's Beth conferred with university of Warwick's honorary doctorate. Singapore, January 21st, 2023 ACN newswire sir Ralph speth, chairman of TVS motor company, has been conferred with an honorary doctorate in the field of science doctor of science, honoris kalsa from the university of Warwick, United Kingdom. The honorary degree was conferred by the university of Warwick Chancellor baroness Catherine Ashton of up Holland. TVS motor company post chairman sir Ralph speth conferred with university of Warwick apos honorary doctorate. Sir Ralph is accompanied by the university of Warwick Chancellor baroness Catherine Ashton of up Holland, who conferred the degree, sir Ralph is a fellow of the Royal Academy of engineering, and a fellow of the Royal Society. An honorary professor at Warwick manufacturing group WMG. He has been closely associated with WMG ever since obtaining his engineering doctorate in 2008, under the pioneering leadership of former WMG chairman, lord Botticelli. An outstanding engineer with a vast experience in the global automotive industry. Sir Ralph has held leadership roles with some of the renowned automotive and industrial giants such as Jaguar Land Rover, BMW, Ford, taught a motors, and the Linda group. He was appointed honorary knight commander of the British Empire in an additional night commander of the most excellent Order of the British Empire, commenting on the honor, Venice srinivasan, chairman emeritus, TVS motor company, said quote my heartiest congratulations to Ralph for this well deserved recognition. Over his distinguished career in automotive and industrials of more than four decades, he has built world class products and brands. He has been relentlessly working towards transforming the industry with his passion for technology and strive for excellence. This honor is a testament to his leadership, vision, and dedication to the industry, and we are privileged to have him lead TVS motor company in its transformational journey dot clothes, and venue, MD, TVS motor company, said quote sir Ralph's exemplary leadership skills, tremendous vision for the industry and descending approach towards technology make him unique. His energy and passion is inspiring. We are proud to have him amongst us we wish him many more accolades recognizing his immense contributions to the industry dot quote sir Ralph has a degree in engineering from the university of applied sciences rosenheim, Germany, and a doctorate of engineering and mechanical engineering and business administration at the university of Warwick. About TVS motor company TVS motor company is a reputed two and three Wheeler manufacturer globally, championing progress through sustainable mobility with four stadia off tart manufacturing facilities. In hoser, messieurs and in India and karawang in Indonesia. Rooted in our 100 year legacy of trust, value, and passion for customers in exactness. We take pride in making internationally aspirational products of the highest quality through innovative and sustainable processes. We are the only two Wheeler company to have received the prestigious stemming prize. Our products lead in their respective categories in the JD power IQS and appeal surveys. We have been ranked number one company in the JD power customer service satisfaction survey for consecutive four years. Our group company Norden motorcycles, based in the United Kingdom, is one of the most emotive motorcycle brands in the world. Our subsidiaries in the personal E mobility space, Swiss E mobility group a CMG and EGO movement have a leading position in the a bike market in Switzerland. TVS motor company endeavors to deliver the most superior customer experience across 80 countries in which we operate. For more information, please visit WWW dot TV's motor dot com. For more information, please contact Priyanka Kumar Priyanka dot Kumar TV's motor dot com copyright 2023 ACN newswire. All rights reserved. WWW dot ACN newswire dot com.
NewsBTC
This Bitcoin OnChain Reading Confirms The Rally Is Getting Started
"7 p.m. Sunday January 22nd, 2023. This Bitcoin on chain reading confirms the rally is getting started. After 216 days, the Bitcoin market value to realize value mvr V ratio finally broke above one, making this accumulation the second longest after it took BTC prices 300 days to bottom up after the bear run of two zero one four two zero one 5. It also signals the likelihood of another refreshing BTC rally after gains of last week. Bitcoin's mvr V breaks above won the breakout coincided with BTC prices surging to as high as 23,300 on Saturday, January 21st, a positive development, especially for optimistic holders. As of writing on January 22nd, prices have cooled off, and the coin is trending at around 22,700, albeit with relatively low trading volumes. Still, the retracement puts BTC within a bullish formation following impressive gains on January 20th when the coin printed higher, defying gravity and confirming demand. Related reading Bitcoin hits 23,000 as crypto market cap revisits 1 trillion mark the mvr V ratio changes depending on Bitcoin's market forces. The prevailing sentiment is that BTC is bottoming up. Bulls could be preparing for another leg up, injecting the much needed volatility and volatility into the crypto markets. However, the absence of confirming indicator presented problems. Technical and fundamental analysts may use the mvr V ratio to time market entries and exits. Typically, whenever the mvr V ratio is below one, then it implies that prices are at their bottom. Any reversal from sub one to above one with increasing valuation may signal price bottoms and possibly more room for upsides in the coming days. This signal could be a precursor to guide swing and long-term traders to hold on to their long positions and wait for more gains before exiting once BTC becomes overvalued based on on chain readings. Conversely, historical values reveal that whenever the MD RV is above 3.7, there is a real probability that the Bitcoin market will be overheating. Subsequently, it could be the best time to exit and take profits. Bitcoin sentiment shifting to mvr V ratio is dynamic, changing depending on the fluctuating valuation of BTC. At any point, the mvr V ratio is calculated by dividing the market value and the realized value of Bitcoin. The market value measures the prevailing sentiment amongst holders, which, as history shows, changes depending on spot rates. Meanwhile, the realized value considers each coin's actual spending. Calculating the realized value takes into account the acquisition cost of each coin in question. If the mvr V ratio is below one, should coins be sold, most holders will realize losses. Related reading Bitcoin short squeeze may reach 30,000, top crypto trader predicts the more the mvr V ratio increases. The more holders and traders will be willing to sell as they get more into the money. Subsequently, the ratio is a good gauge of whether BTC is overvalued or undervalued in the short, medium, or long-term. Streams from into the block show that, on average, 62 of BTC holders are making money with 36 losing money. Feature image by free pick, chart by trading view.
Enterprise Ethereum Alliance
EEA Member Spotlight with TRONs Director of Ecosystem Development Dave Uhryniak
"9 p.m. Wednesday, December 28th, 2022. EA members spotlight with Tron's director of ecosystem development Dave uranic. As an EEA member, Tron is part of a community of organizations working to advance Ethereum and drive industry adoption. In the campaign below, we interviewed Dave uranic, Tron's director of ecosystem development about how the organization contributes to the Ethereum business ecosystem. Please introduce your company and yourself. MD urania, the director the post EEA member spotlight with Tron's director of ecosystem development Dave uranic appeared first on enterprise Ethereum alliance.
Finance Magnates
Clare Francis Joins CMC Markets Board as a NonExecutive Director
"11 a.m. Friday, December 23rd, 2022. Claire Francis joined CMC markets board as a non executive director. LTP GT London based CMC markets, PLC, LOL, MCX, has added finance veteran Claire Francis to its board as a non executive director. She has already assumed the role on 19 December 2022 dot LTP GT LTP GTC MC markets taps Claire Francis as non executive director of Quetta and very pleased to welcome Claire to the board of CMC, and we are looking forward to working with her. Chairman of CMC markets, James Richards, said in a statement quote Claire brings extensive knowledge of Utah ref cops dot finance magnates dot contrast risk management quote target qua blanket 7 four 5 9 four one 5 F9 72 E 5 6 8 9 two zero F zero FH one quote classical terms made from quote risk management tagged frameworks and financial services to CMC, which will help us as we continue to develop our diversification strategy apart from joining as a non executive director. Francis became the chair of the group risk committee, the consumer duty champion, and a member of CMK pass audit, nomination, and remuneration committees, dot LTP GT LTP GT Francis is a financial industry expert with about 37 years of experience working in several major companies. Most recently, she worked as the European head of global banking, and the UK CEO at standard chartered bank. There, she was also the global head of investors, insurance, and the public sector, dot LTP GT LTP GTC joined standard chartered from Lloyd's banking group, where she worked from February 2006 until November 2012. There she held leadership roles, like global head of financial market sales, and global head of corporate and institutional banking. She was the head of global corporates amp global head international when she parted with the company, dot LTP GT LTP GTC, started her career at net west in 1985, and then moved to HSBC, where she spent 17 years she climbed the corporate ladder at HSBC and held the position of Europe had amp MD of financial market sales when she separated in early 2006. GT currently. Francis is sitting on the board of the UK department of international trading post tag and infrastructure exports board, dot LTP GT LTP GT check out the recent London summit session cultivating female leadership in FinTech challenges amp opportunities. Markets strengthening the leadership of ten recent months strengthened its leadership by adding multiple new faces and internal shuffles. Last month, tough ref coffs dot finance magnates dot com executive Eskimo ball dragon of his quantitative sales sac Mac markets quote target coop Blanco rel quat follow guacamole bull Dracula tagged, was moved to the institutional sales team. In addition, the company hired the top ref coffs dot finance magnates dot com executive S bucks and said G joins mcmahons as equity is frustrating manager quote target coi blank what rel coi follow quant Nathan sagel tagged as the equities risk trading manager and promoted taught dot finance magnates dot com executive as most Michael the go of skittle heck make markets a pack and Canada distribution quote target coi blank watt. Rel can follow quant Michael bogo F skill tagged to the head of distribution for apac and Canada dot LTP GT LTP GT meanwhile. The company apostle toph ref coffs dot finance magnates dot com forks brokers make market share one FY 23 trading for venue jumps 27. Real quick follow cotton at operating income for 6 months tagged, between April and September, jumped by 21% to 153.5 million. Its net trading revenue came in 27% higher at 128.4 million, while the figure from investing stream declined by 14% to 20.8 million. It ended the year with a flat pre-tax profit of 36.6 million this article was written by Arne best home at WWW dot finance magnates dot com
The Dinesh D'Souza Podcast
Dinesh Reveals the Effects of Musk Derangement Syndrome
"Let's turn to mister Elon Musk because he is causing the left to have a freak out. And it's a little bit interesting to think about why. Is it because, well, one thought it occurred to me yesterday and that is that Elon Musk has been really focused. He's freeing speech on the one side, but he goes, I'm really going to crack down on Twitter on pedophiles on pedophiles. And this too has freaked out the left. It's kind of interesting to see. I mean, is it because there's a substantial fraction of pedophiles in the cultural left as Elon Musk kind of nuking a wing of the left that doesn't, you know, they can't openly say, well, we're pedophiles. So what they do is they pretend I'm gonna be, I'm gonna be leaving Twitter on principle. It could be a secret reason for the leftist freak out. Here's Alyssa Milano, who, by the way, used to be a huge Elon Musk fan. I have found it fascinating. You're a couple of Milano tweets. I'm in awe of Elon Musk. And then she goes on to thanks Elon Musk and Tesla. Elon Musk you're amazing. She says that she could have dinner with four people. She picked Jesus Roberto Clemente John Lennon and Elon Musk. And then more recently, here's Alyssa Milano. I gave back my Tesla. I bought the Volkswagen. I love it. Now, what's so weird about this is first of all, she's turned on Musk. Why? Because evidently he's for free speech. That alone is enough to set her off. Number two, she buys, let's call it the Nazi car. Why? Because Vogue, if you want to talk about history, Volkswagen was started under the Nazi regime, it's in fact the word volk is a very fascist term volk means, of course, people and the Nazis who were socialists talked about the people's car, Volkswagen, the wagon of the people. So here's a list of Milana while she doesn't really know about her, but nevertheless, part of she has MDS Musk the arrangements syndrome.
Glassnode
The Fall of FTX
"10 a.m. Monday, November 14th, 2022. The fall of FTX with the devastating collapse of the FTX exchange, the digital asset industry has experienced the most shocking and solvency of a custodian since MD gox. In this report, we analyze the FTX bank run, seeking of safety in self custody and the response of Bitcoin's strongest hands.
Coinpedia
10K BTC Linked to Mt.Gox Moved! What is the Failed Bitcoin Exchange Doing?
"7 a.m. Thursday, November 24th, 2022. Ten K BTC linked to MD gox moved what is the failed Bitcoin exchange doing? The post ten K BTC linked to end gox moved what is the failed Bitcoin exchange doing appeared first on Cohen PDF FinTech news. The crypto markets have become extremely volatile over time since the ripple of fallout's impacted the market's adversely. Meanwhile, a movement of nearly 10,000 BTC may adversely impact the markets, which are currently under huge bearish captivity. However, the BTC is reportedly claimed to belong to the empty dox exchange, which is yet to process its.
The Trish Regan Show
People Don't Want to Invest in the Traditional Energy Sector
"Want to invest in the traditional energy sector here in the United States of America for a reason right now because they know that Joe Biden is going to be very hostile towards their investment. What do you think this ESG environmental social governance stuff is all about? They rate things green, yellow, red in terms of whether pension funds can actually put their money into these things. And that's all orchestrated to try and basically turn off this traditional energy. Well, in doing so, you make yourself more reliant and more dependent on all these countries that you don't want to be reliant and dependent on. I mean, heck, he didn't want to have to go over there to Saudi Arabia to say hello to MDS. Especially after the Khashoggi stuff, this is something that Joe Biden and the Democrats didn't want to have to do. But they did, he went and gave the little fist bump and now he's angry. He's angry that the Saudis are turning off that oil. Well, maybe you ought to have. Now I'm going on a limb. Maybe just want to have a solution, right? Is anybody playing chess instead of checkers? In a game of chess, you're thinking through what happens next. What are the next moves that could actually transpire? And I don't even want to think about them because they're so bad. But this is what we are supposed to be getting from our lawmakers and our leaders. We're not getting it. Hence all the inflation.
The Hugh Hewitt Show: Highly Concentrated
Student Loan Debacle Is a Nightmare for Team Biden
"Student loan debacle. I think it's a nightmare for team Biden. What are you reporting? This is not your opinion. What do you hear from Democrats and Republicans about the bailout of MDs, PhDs, NBA's, et cetera that it's a mixed bag in that it's a high, high priority for the democratic base and Biden's big weakness lately has been the democratic base, but that it's very problematic from a national perspective and from a 2024 perspective in the states that matter. So it cuts both ways. Maybe helps in 22 a little. It could hurt a lot in 24. I think it's got to hurt Bennett, Cortez masto, Tim Ryan, Maggie Hassan. Everyone who doesn't say stop this madness gets hurt. David
America First with Sebastian Gorka Podcast
Who Is (the Now Infamous) Dr. Robert Malone?
"First. Doctor Malone, welcome to the Salem radio network. Thank you very much, mister gorka and thank you for the opportunity to speak to you and to your audience today. Well, I could spend the next hour just rattling off your curriculum vitae and your various qualifications in the scientific world for those who didn't see your hours long interview with Joe who haven't seen all the interviews you've given with my friend and my former colleague Steve Bannon. Would you mind would you indulge us for a second for those across the country for whom you are a new name just to give us a prey see of your background and your relationship, for example, to the mRNA vaccines that are so in the news currently? Well, for your audience, I have been vetted and have secret clearance with Department of Defense. I've won over $8 billion or managed them for in government grants and contracts. I typically work very closely with the Department of Defense defense threat reduction agency. Kim biodefense group and have for decades, I have been a vaccine developer and innovator for well over 30 years as when I was a graduate student, I had a series of discoveries that led to 9 issued U.S. patents and numerous international patents that include all of the core technology for what we call RNA and DNA vaccines, including the first proof of concept reduction to practice using an RNA vaccine in a mouse model to produce immune responses against the envelope glycoprotein of aids. So an aids vaccine candidate my first major contract was with as a newly minted MD intern at UC Davis was with the Department of the Navy for development of an aids vaccine. I am trained at northwestern university for my NDI hold a license in the state of Maryland. I'm trained in my graduate studies at the salk institute and UC San Diego undergraduate biochemistry UC Davis multiple research fellowships at UC Davis in the department of pathology was an academic for well over a decade reaching associate professor level at the uniformed services university of the health sciences. So that's the DoD medical school. In D.C., I have been involved in way too many outbreaks intimately. I spearheaded for DoD for quite a while. The development of their Ebola vaccine candidate, which eventually I brought murk in. It was licensed to American. It's now the licensed Ebola vaccine. I've worked on flu vaccines. I've worked on literally all the biodefense vaccines used to work under contract directly for DoD at dying port vaccine company.
America First with Sebastian Gorka Podcast
Who Is Dr. Scott Atlas?
"He is senior fellow in health policy at the Hoover institution and author, most recently of a fabulous fabulous book, a plague upon a house, my fight at the Trump White House to stop COVID from destroying America. Welcome, doctor Scott Atlas to America first. Oh, thanks for having me. I appreciate that. So we've been tried for the longest time to get you on the show, your buddy Victor Davis Hansen constantly said, yes, you gotta get him on, you gotta get him on. We're delighted to have you on. I've got a multi page multi page resume CV bio for you, so you clearly have the cres for those of our millions of listers who may not have watched you at those press conferences. Please if you would just start as we do with all of our one on one guess, give us a potted summary of who you are, your qualifications and what you are focused on as we speak. Sure. So I am a senior fellow in health policy at a policy institute at Stanford University called the Hoover institution. Where I research and work on healthcare policy solutions, I've been doing that for more than a decade full time before that I had about a 25 year history, a career in academic medicine as a professor in the school of medicine for the last 14 years before the ten years as a professor in chief of neuro radiology at Stanford University school of medicine. And I had a previous experience and the medical science that various top level medical centers in the U.S., including iterative mania, graduated from University of Chicago with my MD degree.
The Dan Bongino Show
Staggering Statistics on People Diagnosed With Blood Cancers
"So Ari when I was going through treatment I was out at both Sloan Kettering and MD Anderson and you see the devastation of this disease I would be sitting there waiting for radiation and chemotherapy and one moment that really stuck out to me as I was getting treatment one day and I was talking to this woman and she told me she'd been given basically a month or two to 11 and she'd been dealing with the disease forever And it's just kind of hit me because mine had been diagnosed early at stage one That even though we've made tremendous advancements against leukemia and lymphoma those advancements aren't enough A lot of people a matter of fact I saw in some of the statistics a third of people don't live 5 years after a diagnosis Is that accurate It is Yeah we're getting closer and closer but yeah just like you said more than a third of patients don't survive after 5 years How many people per year are roughly diagnosed with this dreadful disease these blood cancers leukemia and lymphoma What's the give me a rough idea of how prevalent this problem is I don't have a number on it per year but about a hundred every 180 seconds someone in the U.S. is diagnosed with a blood cancer
The Charlie Kirk Show
Who Is Dr. Robert Malone, Inventor of mRNA Vaccines?
"And he is the president of the international alliance of physicians and scientists, doctor Malone, welcome to the Charlie Kirk show. Thank you. Thanks a lot for the opportunity to be here and talk to you and your audience. So let's get on it. So I'm an admirer and fan of yours. I first was made aware of you and your work when you join Brett Weinstein on his podcast all the way back in April or May or June if I remember correctly. In the back in the 20th century. It feels like yeah, that was a different world. And I was very interested in that conversation and I've watched hours of your footage since because it seemed that you were confirming some of the suspicion that I had and skepticism in my head towards the current rollout and the vaccine that we are now being in some ways forced to take. Please establish your background in vaccine technology, the original inventor of MR MN RNA and DNA vaccines and talk about why and how you got concerned about this. And we'll go from there. Let's see. So briefly, the bona fides. Let's see, you see Davis, biochemistry, bachelors and science. You see San Diego and the salk institute masters in biology, MD from northwestern university in Chicago. Fellowships, research fellowships at UC Davis and a postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard Medical School for global clinical scholars research training that was just a few years ago to kind of tighten up all of my credentials having to do with clinical research regulatory affairs and all that stuff also completed a internship medical internship at UC Davis. I'm a licensed physician in the state of Maryland. I did invent the core platform technology that gave rise to these vaccines. I did not invent these vaccines. And I'm a little aggravated at what's been done with these vaccines as what's happened to the technology. But I had a extensive academic career top pathology at UC Davis and new Maryland Baltimore and also was an associate professor at the uniformed services university of the health sciences. You could look up all the papers and the many patents through if you look on Google scholar is a site so you can just Google scholar and I'm having trouble with that just like you were with the mRNA. With my name on it. And you'll see the over hundred papers and 12,600 plus academic citations for the work blah,
AP News Radio
Darnold, defense lead Panthers past Texans; McCaffrey hurt
"Sam Darnold threw for three hundred and four yards and ran for two touchdowns and the Carolina Panthers improved to three you know for the first time in six years with a twenty forty nine win over the Houston Texans Darnold completed twenty three of thirty four passes and did not commit a turnover he says he expected his team's quick start we had a great training camp hard training camp down there in the heat and yeah I cannot show what kind of team we were when we you know practice against Baltimore MD so I mean we we always knew what kind of team we had it was just about going out there on game day and executing Carolina won despite losing all pro running back Christian McCaffrey in the second quarter with a strained hamstring without him DJ Moore caught eight passes for a hundred and twenty six yards Adams pulling Houston
Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"md" Discussed on Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"Ever changing <Silence> brain <Speech_Male> neurons <Speech_Male> fight <Speech_Male> for territory <Speech_Male> and survival. <Silence> <Speech_Male> The brain <Speech_Male> maps are not <Speech_Female> genetically <Silence> pre scripted <Speech_Male> but are instead <Speech_Male> <SpeakerChange> molded <Silence> by input. <Speech_Male> Echelman <Silence> wrote <Speech_Female> brains <Speech_Female> adjusts to drive <Speech_Male> whatever body <Speech_Male> they find themselves <Speech_Male> in. <Speech_Male> This is on page one. <Speech_Male> Thirty seven <Speech_Female> the rate of <Speech_Female> change influences <Speech_Male> whether <Speech_Male> a particular <SpeakerChange> area <Speech_Male> remains plastic. <Silence> <Speech_Female> <Speech_Female> Finally <Speech_Female> each of us <Speech_Female> is the product <Speech_Male> of our interaction <Silence> with the world <Speech_Male> <Speech_Male> and <SpeakerChange> <Speech_Male> human brains. <Speech_Male> <Advertisement> Do not <Speech_Male> store memories. <Speech_Male> The way computers <Silence> due <Speech_Female> again. <Speech_Female> I highly recommend <Speech_Male> this book no matter what <Silence> your background <Speech_Male> to <Silence> final closing comments. <Speech_Male> <Speech_Male> I want to remind <Speech_Female> you that brain <Speech_Female> science has <Speech_Female> a free <Speech_Male> mobile app <Speech_Male> that is available <Speech_Male> for ios <Speech_Male> android and <Silence> windows phones. <Speech_Female> If <Speech_Female> you have the mobile <Speech_Female> app you can <Speech_Male> access <Speech_Male> dr elman's original <Speech_Male> interview <Speech_Female> from <Speech_Female> two thousand eleven <Speech_Female> for free. <Speech_Female> Just look for the extras <Speech_Male> associated with <Speech_Male> episode. One eighty-seven <Silence> <Speech_Female> also. <Speech_Female> I'd like to remind you <Speech_Male> about my book. <Speech_Male> are you sure. <Speech_Male> The unconscious <Speech_Male> origins <Speech_Male> of certainty <Speech_Female> <Speech_Female> published a second <Speech_Female> edition. Last <Speech_Male> year. <Speech_Female> it's available <Speech_Male> at brains house. Podcast <Speech_Male> dot com and <Speech_Male> on all the major <Speech_Male> online bookstores <Speech_Male> like amazon. <Silence> And barnes <SpeakerChange> and noble. <Speech_Female> <Speech_Female> If you'd like to get <Speech_Female> an autograph copy <Speech_Female> just <Speech_Female> email me at brains. <Speech_Female> Aunts podcasts at <Silence> gmail.com. <Speech_Female> <Speech_Female> Next month's episode <Speech_Male> will be an interview. <Silence> With neil seth <Speech_Male> <Speech_Male> about his new <Speech_Male> book <Speech_Male> being you <Speech_Male> a new science of <Speech_Male> consciousness <Speech_Female> until then. I <Speech_Female> hope you will check out my <Speech_Female> other podcasts. <Speech_Male> Books and ideas <Silence> and grain rainbows. <Speech_Male> Thanks <Speech_Female> again for listening. I <Speech_Male> <Advertisement> look forward to talking <Speech_Female> <Advertisement> with you again <SpeakerChange> very <Speech_Music_Female> <Advertisement>
Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"md" Discussed on Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"I propose a new hypothesis about this in the book. Which is i think that it has to do with the stability of the data coming in. And what i mean by that is take something like the visual system. The visual system is not particularly plastic. Because it learns at the beginning that you have a certain number of orientations in the world mr number of angles number of colors. And that's really it like i'm talking about the primary visual cortex figures out the world and says okay got it. This is what it is and so it's quite difficult to make changes there but something like your motor system or your sensory system. Those remain plastic your whole life. Why while you rove from a baby to an adult and so there's lots of changes but you know as you go through life you get fat or you get thinner you sprain your ankle for while you break your leg for all kinds of changes again on a pogo stick a bicycle. You jump on a trampoline and so these systems have variable data coming in and so they just remain plastic for a longer time so they remain flexible. That's my suggestion for how we can understand that. And even if you look let's just within the visual system you find that areas like primary visual cortex v. one really gets crystallized early on but other parts of the visual system. Let's as you followed down along the bottom of the temporal lobe. You got these areas that code four symbols signs and faces and things like that and that remains flexible your whole life. Even when you're a hundred years old you can still learn a new face in. Learn a new company logo and things like that one of the things i found most fascinating about your book was your take on memory. Talk about memory and how that fits into this. Live wiring concept. Yeah memories an interesting thing because we've all gotten so used to talking about memory in terms of computers and so on and there's a mixture of these the simple word because computer whatever zeros and ones putting in that is exactly what gets retained but of course human memories. Totally different from that we actually. Of course don't remember most of what happens in our lives. We write down the things. That are very salient. Of course but most of the things just get forgotten they come through the system in right back out but the last sixty years has taught us is. That memory is many different things. You have short term and long term memory and within long-term member you have those things that are explicit in other words. Things that i can tell you about. Oh this is my address. This is what i did yesterday. So then you've got lots of implicit memory things that i know how to do like ride a bicycle. But i can't possibly explain it. And even within that you've got many different subcategories and it turns out the reason we figured all this out we as a community over the last x number of decades is because mostly because of nature's cruel experiments where you have people with brain damage and they lose a particular kind of memory anyway. Memory is a fascinating area but this is one of the things that the heart of brain plasticity in other words the reason the brain changes is to keep track of things presumably for the purpose of doing better and better future simulation so in other words the reason we write things down so that we can make better simulations of what's gonna come next but one of the things that i propose in the book is that we as a community. We've concentrated almost entirely on changes at the synapses between neurons connection points between neurons and in fact the entire field of artificial intelligence artificial neural networks. Everything about okay. here's neurons. They connect you. Dial the strength of that synoptic connection but in fact when we really look we find plasticity at all different levels and the only reason we all talk about synoptic. Plasticity is because that's the limits of what we can measure and so we are like the drunks looking for the keys under the street light. That's all we have access to. But in fact when activity passes through the brain you have changes not only to synapse. But also the receptors that are expressed on the neurons the distribution of those receptors the internal biochemical million. And the way those cascades change all the way down to the dna is i mentioned before. And what's called the epa genome proteins that stick around the dna itself and cause certain genes to get expressed more and others to get suppressed. And so all of these things are important. Examples of plasticity. That are happening. And all of this underlies what we think of as memory. Tell us why just thinking. The synapses doesn't work why that's not enough. The reason that quickly runs out of steam and doesn't work is because a system will get quickly overloaded and turn into memory mud when you try to put. Let's say fifty years of memories into it by changing synapses. You eventually run out of space. New run out of everything starts becoming money. But that's not what actually happens with humans. What happened with humans. Is that older memories become more stable one of the stories that telling the book is albert einstein when he died on his deathbed in princeton hospital was speaking german and all his last words were in german and unfortunately the nurse didn't speak german so we don't know what his last words were but the point is this actually happens quite a lot where people revert to their first language as their on their deathbed and this is because as you get older you forget what you did last week last month last year but you remember your childhood just fine. This is one of the first rules in neurology is that older memories are more stable. And you can't get this kind of rule out of a basic thing. We're just changing synapses in artificial neural network. Instead i propose that the fast changing parts of the brain are changing the slower parts if they continue having a particular activity than slower parts which are more conservative. Say okay well well. I'm starting to believe that. Because i'm seeing that over and over and then there's even more conservative parts that are working even more slowly beyond that and so on so down the line and that's how the whole system is actually working main thing is you know for i guess. Really since the nineteen seventies since the notion of change at a synapse was first proven experimentally for fifty years. Now we feel of said. Oh this is great. We're going to really understand memory and people everyone who studies long term potential or depression at synapses starts off their talk saying this is a candidate mechanism for memory and then it just becomes accepted as okay. That's what this is. This is the heart of memory and soon as we understand. This will understand. But what's weird is that we still have. I feel like we're not that much farther along than we were fifty years ago and so there's so much to be understood about how things get written down and why of the proposals that i make. Is that really the way to understand. All these different types of change in the brain that i just mentioned is to understand it as a pace layer system and all that means is you have things that are happening at different paces. So this is the idea that stewart brand proposed for thinking about cities along. He said look in a city. You've got something to change really rapidly like the fashion and you have some things that change more slowly which businesses earn which buildings. This is the restaurant here. And this is the bank here and whatever and then even more slowly have changes in. Let's say the buildings themselves and then even more slowly have changes in the governance of the city. All the way down to things like nature. The river is flowing through the city here but a million years ago is flowing through over here and so you've got all these different layers that are happening at different time scales and they all interact with one another. Interestingly so i propose a neural pace slayer way of thinking about this. Which is you've got. These changes that happen. Rapidly all the way to more slowly and this is really the way to think about it. I'll just mention that what i answered you a question. The thing that i think doesn't get talked about enough is the current simple idea of saying. Oh you just change.
Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"md" Discussed on Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"Notes. David eagle welcome back to brain science. It's great to have you back on the show. Yeah it's great to be here again. After all these years. I thought you might start out by just telling us a little bit about yourself in terms of like how did you get originally interested in neuroscience. My father was a psychiatrist and my mother was a biology teacher. And so i think there was a lot of conversation about the brain always happening in my house but i never thought that it actually go in that direction. It just didn't strike me. I wanted to be a writer. But i was in college in my last semester. My senior year. I took a neuroscience course and then i was just hooked. I just felt like. I had found the thing that i wanted to do with the rest of my life. That's it that's a great story. I get emails from people. All the time about the way they feel when they discover neuroscience. And it's kind of cool to be a part of that discovery. Since we sh- we share this passion for sharing it with others your new book. Now you did become a writer because you how this is like the sixth book or something like that. Yeah so you new book livewire inside story of the ever changing brain. What motivated you to write this particular book. I've written books on lots of other aspects of neuroscience but to me the most gorgeous probably lease talked about in terms of popular science aspect of the brain. Is it's massive flexibility. In the way that it's constantly reconfiguring every moment of your life so with everything that you hear an experience and see and so on you've got your eighty six billion neurons in your two hundred trillion connections between them and they're just constantly reconfiguring so now this concept of brain plasticity. This is something most everybody knows about. So i'm not implying that it's an unknown but there's not much to talk about because there's so much mystery there and the reason is our technology really isn't good enough to measure what's happening at the level of these very tiny connections. And so what. I wanted to do in. This book is distilled down everything in the in the plasticity literature to basic principles. What do we think is actually happening under the hood with the system. That's very different from for example what we build in silicon valley where everything is about hardware and software. So i call this live wear to distinguish it because it's a system that's actually changing. Its own circuitry on fly and of course this is how we drop into the world and absorb it and come to represent our cultures and our neighbors and our friends and our parents and half of us is other people in the end because we absorb all this stuff and that's who we become so anyway. That's why i want to write this book. Yeah one of the things i really enjoyed about the book was that you took all the classic experiments about plasticity that are out there and sort of went back through them but looked at them like you said from a basic principle point of view i was wondering about the role of dna because that really in some ways is the reason why our brain needs to be flexible. Would you talk about what its role is generally the way i look at. Dna now is it. Is the thing that sets up the system. It's the first domino that kicks off the whole show but really what it is. Setting up is a system. That is live wired. It's building a system that will then go out and absorb the world around it. So in other words one of the people that i worked with in my postdoctoral fellowship was francis. Crick the co-discoverer of the structure of dna and in one thousand nine hundred eighty three. When he and watson discovered that structure figured it out he went bursting into the eagle and child hub been said we have discovered the secret of life and my argument is that actually what they discovered was one half of the secret to life and the other half is all around us because it's everything that we experience in the world. That's the thing that really wires up our brains to be who we are so the analogy given the book is imagine if you were born thirty thousand years ago the same. Da now the question is would you be you or would you given a completely different culture and technology in language religion. Everything going on thirty thousand years ago. Would you be someone else entirely. It's actually a very hard experiment to run in our heads but the fact is you would be someone completely different because all of your experiences would be different so dna is actually not the secret life that we thought it was. I remember in two thousand. When the human genome project was finally completed. We all thought this was the biggest deal. We thought well now that we have the whole gym. We're going to really understand ourselves. I don't mean to imply that it was a failure because there are so many things that will continue to come out of it but boy did not give us an understanding that we had hoped it would. Because that's only a little piece of the puzzle. Now the interesting part. Is that all of the changes that happen with the brain because of your experience actually can feed back down to the level of dna and change the genes that are expressed or repressed. So i just want to mention that when we think about dna and we think about world experience these actually intertwined in a strange way so nowadays when we think about the nature nurture question it is a dead question because we know that it is both in a way that intertwines very.
Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"md" Discussed on Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"Today's episode. You can write to me at brain science podcast at gmail dot com or post to the brain taunts podcast fan page on facebook. Please visit brain. Science podcasts dot com for complete show notes and episode transcripts and. I hope you'll sign up for the free newsletter. You can do this on the website or by texting brain science all one word to five five four four four. If you haven't already got my book are you. Sure the unconscious origins of certainty don't forget you can email me if you'd like to get a autograph copy and as always. I appreciate your support. If he would like to know how to support the show go to brain science podcasts dot com slash donations last. But not least. I will remind you that i'm looking for bonn tears to help with the redesign of the brain science podcast website. Just email me if you want to help out. Thanks again for listening. I hope to be back with you soon. And until then. I hope you'll check out my other podcasts. Books ideas and green rainbows. Brain science is copyright twenty twenty one to virginia campbell. Md you may copy it to share it with others but for any other uses or derivatives. Please contact me at brain science. Podcast at gmail dot com the theme music for brain science is mind fire written and performed by. Tony could try chea. You can find his work. Add syncopation now dot com..
Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"md" Discussed on Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"You're looking for once. a responding. To in assuring animal will make animal. Do move around. It comes difficult to appreciate it. Actually many of the neurons in the brain of off sending sparks all the time because of the outside world. Actually there are some pretty obvious cases whether it's going to be happening so was obviously sleep. Sleep one would notice that we're looking at as well as you mean. Obstacles is having to protest anything right now unless you're Vehicles of beyond the sending spines merrily away. Just as were looking stuff. Similarly in you'll you'll developing brains On developing influenced substance spikes Infrared with sways activity across specifying of the brain before To be doing anything in particular the way that this this is created comes in two parts. One is the is crazy. Why the feedback between their own in the brain. I know there was the russian Generate owner so. Why is this spontaneous activity so important. We nobody full especially with rome with the barons responded the outside well most of models of Brain works based on nielsen spikes because there including something over there including something happening to them so some big just silencing smells old airing coating something about so including the arm leg on head whatever seventy sendings pay. Don't we have a strong theories of those are four in kotex. It seems those on a generated by the circuits so why the feedback between the noodles only suggestive Doing something important. So in the book i give says he true juveniles. What she so. One reason for having is sold from the that individual a Sluggish response was at the top of the pokonos. How neurons send their spikes because they have to get tens of hubs of investment. Other girls did enough to drive that voltage to create a spike franciscan saints quite longtime so. If we need to get some information outside will from the i always Exit wrote tens of milliseconds in order for us to appropriate. It makes decisions about it every Relying on going from there sort of resting sites all the way up to crying swank in the something like seventy nine different reasons. The brain like spikes have to jump through because that might take seconds if not a couple of minutes and we've run to go tens of milliseconds twisted person so one Might be because the full neurons on this coast barrows So what does it fall on their own so close to the point where it will send a spike. If they need to a simple that show that kind of idea you transmit like very rapidly the brain because every sign a stimulus to your able there will be ready to respond to the bible instantly spent spikes to first.
Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"md" Discussed on Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"The bats is the true Without loss of individuals that can for specific things that we can take. These swipes of many mary together and still code won't be animals keeping in mind. Okay so i want to focus a little bit more on the consequence of decoding these populations of neurons instead of just monitoring an individual neuron. So what are the consequences of decoding published of neurons from individuals. They really changes the emphasis on where we think the important computation. Something in the in the brains so if we recall from those individuals their own cats will individual maryland's tennis about a world and we develop loss of theories models how individuals can get information from the outside won't end the using represents things so they're pretty advanced models of how individual neurons in visual kotex another sensory areas individual receiving Outside well use those in a way to create their outputs on how those opposite. Tony's bundled fell on to create on puts those theories based on beside the individual neurons including specific things but then when we look populations of neurons we the extreme point of view for that is that there is no such thing as individual neuron encoding that because we can decode with information perfectly wealth Debate has though coding and because what each year on actually were seized mother owns is hundreds of spikes across. The population then ensued about ablation Curbing individuals as to consider the possibility that it calls the brain of mammals So huge named the colts extra mouths still ten million euros. An uncle sexist. Seventeen billion If we recall from how call them a tiny supplemented neurons in those brain. Then we will happen to find some that appear to be shooed individual properties wealth. But that's just that's probably just issue of the actual things doing work is hopeless neurons sending slams together population coating more accurate yes typically vocalizing. Decoding ease lacquer. You get analyses. Way you essentially. You've got it all together and you stop by cutting a few of the money. He adding mole models will get recording operations and seeing how much better yo. Coding gets and typically as you get past handful of neurons Gets better better. You more able wackily was happening in world oil. That will be the statement of the animals receiving without the movement is about to do but it does so point. One of the reasons Is because it was the things we call of redundancy in given in bureaus both in terms of the fact that in both individuals be one of the things and the loss of individuals seem to be a little bit collating. When they send the spice. The things be up to how big a population can be and still send useless information. So why is more android Encoding it was a bigger question about from bigger population these big in order to actually encoded stuff. At which point.
Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"md" Discussed on Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"We can decode it from his neuro. Lead foale these population. Reruns must be in the lights. The choice direction the reward. But it doesn't tell us that what it tells us. Is there something being in the brain. That correlates with these properties it could be something else stanton of these things will certainly cocoa in the world with these things equally. Could be that of the actually including the brain is no specifically these features. It's caused has been changing states. The world is changing the world that will reach out and it's not explicity. A specific neurons civically full memory of going left with the founded. Having built left is different from having rights. so it's really about there has been a change than the reason explicit including representative egypt so yeah so decoding fantasies injuries said this remind not to be confused also would have had begun to go stuff the actually this run so what about memory howard dark neurons involved in memory so population voting view of the brain with this populations. Can we made on pulse. Both of these type to unoriginal doctor that there is some very much around here but don't need to be seem to change. Their voted memory is folded now. The don't Populations continuing during a period in which memories be sustained so hit with okay particularly about those memories short term. It's the kind of you're holding things in mind like wait just keys. A number summers full to you. You internment rehearse host. That kinda memory is full to be mostly stood up in prefrontal colds because of you damage many In animals late can't stolen Of working shelter memory studies neural Joined seventy which seems to be coding. These memory so from the the tens or hundreds of people you can read out the memory of Experience is also in. We know this because in people. Nicole davis success cases of recording individual. Neurons we know bad of individual neurons. Where if you ask animal to remember the frigate vibration On figures to compares another one coming later known Photovoltaics that will file. One has to remember this nice changes going to the frequency of stimulus. Gone it's fingertip so there is encoding homage working memory neurons whose whose swing send seem to quantify the memory has sustained a member with the mole is more than purchases mobile ablation curbing approaches..
Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"md" Discussed on Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"Your first year and don't forget to tell them that you heard about it on brain science so dr neurons in power. They discovered adopter as i described in the book. These neurons which we know this bus we. We see them being active. They came from you for very long time. So traditionally when you're neurons will. They've done his taking the metal electrode Fine shop electrodes hansa lowered into the brain of animal into the average The laser cole. D prince council wherever that electrons would be attached to point with speakers in the laboratory To look the signal comfy lectured only speaker secret here. The voltage on the electric. So he knew what you knew where you you recording neurons because as you're lowered the electrodes speakers and the sunny stop living away all of this stuff during the big junkies voltage signal off the electric. All that means is the only way you you come colder owns. If gnarled active service on mueller electrode into the brain that it looks like everyone is acting so his impression that the brain is the brain occulted ending spots however when they take a bunch of molin methods for recording So when we can instead of coding with electrodes Cold with essentially a video camera or coating his either dies all expressed proteins the inside each and those days when proteins they so they reflect back more frontal. The more active neuro is image that Those chemicals for us in a way you can see which neurons active which was ups when you do you see most neurons looking at in this little brain on authorizing up almost complete and about the same time host is this method became available similarly other people use his findlay technique press club bank which way instead of lowering electrode into the brain recording something You try and get your electric's attached directly to their own which is extremely lucas bonus. Sort of think of ten slow with human hair Electric's the boonies neuro that way. You definitely affording their own. We definitely on their own and then even cold weather noise doing anything at all. In the few cases where does successfully done that in animals that were awakened doing stuff a find that most Attached to indeed when all sending any splits toll most of the time. So these these dump. Nervous zombies big massive. Bring that we can see these animals doing these tasks. Things like running through a maze. Listen to sounds of most of the of going from doing nothing while celeb- what are these dark neurons doing so the mystery will. They're doing. Thanks up on the questions in the book for three different possibilities or in the book this area of research that's quite tosses my And sometimes because it requires the but more data. There's obviously these reasons sent why they busy. Doc is because we are in the latino giving the brain anything the interesting to do. So i'll give the example. They're all around running through a maze or masculine through mace. As a case where we know this. Little girls embiid kotex way that no active running into mice and these is simple. Been over things. Can the van wants to do this again. Somebody else do anything complicated. Force food will do anything. This will natural so quite possible. The reason we see the neurons everywhere because if things we almost do a really quite boring in those noodles involved in the very few things we also do not exempt as althouse longer. We'll see how big Doing a very first era visual tech's kgalema we'd expect the most neurons in visual buzzer vehicle. Text will not be active most of the time because when in the land we just never showed them pictures. They're interested in the animals. Showing these pictures admirals is not responding. Because they don't have anything of normal interesting. The toyed will get full a flutes to.
Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"md" Discussed on Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"Full of voltage so sale being sent by the narrowness a binary code overly essential happens or not is no about signs of shankar base. So let's throw all the cells in the body that usually precedes communication. Communications donald's But those leading tiny white Wherever's what's happening in the brain is not this on event but it's this fact that the trustee action potential does. The axiom is not used directly. But it's turned from this weiner's Team statement where releases its strength and a cool some continuous change in voltage on the side. And so that's what is that binding nature that makes fascinating so people who have come from a coding background because katie anything. That's wineries is a really interesting way grappling with that. It's a coding. From the fact that the end the brain chun's this binary code back into something continuous. Whole survey interesting facet brain. Works is unique and is a very pathway of all having control over the messages being constantly news. What else would you like to share about spikes as a very long list of things chairman spike. I guess one of the key Than housewife's work is. That is what happens when they get to the end of that tax on it released the transmission so the spike spike said wonder it sells tells us nothing about the direction of the message. Going to be said so Anything about whether that neuronal sending a message of going to the other end on Enemy knows zaks is from the type of chemicals released by the minimum onto its target from donald bikes goes up with different voltage it the chemical data instead of near that neurons gonna call down was figuring voltage targets neurone generally most neurons in the brain. Have only one type of this. Gumbo is the transmitted so the message received by giving their own. Is that a mix of the spikes Down the Toolmaking newsline because of already down sloping a new bike. So this interplay between the two crucial generational a new link is has a whole lehmkuhl. The balance theory of found sludge generated this any given kotex. There's a fatty good balance between the amount excited mass which means leverage Company kicking around some low average occasionally by trounce does enough excites info tunnel to create a new spike. That means that he's a spice coming out of any given the happening at a random time because they almost random process when bats impo sensory input excess inhibitory look as it is omitted randomly by each spunk east coast by a baron joel spikes arriving at the same time to him so in the brain. Has its lobby paradox. So we know the spikes each point has a definite cools but if you look at the output at a single So what about in drives talk a little bit about the difference between the acts on and what happens at the denver. Rights joints neuron. Aw where that neural is dazzling won't in brooklyn roles so tinicum dry kotex be up to around ten thousand inputs from other and that can be Body itself so fooling some import falling far away from their close to and then result very branched so there are many routes full arrival the impotent than take downs and the ordering of infants on the index would also make a big difference so if there are inputs to the to the tips of drugs coming extreme Voltage that it. Will blip as go travel way down to the body and all the way down. It can be either in hunts by other Or squashed by inhibiting coming in only past causes room so then dry itself as able Complicates complexion things of which the neurons boating device would generate. Spike is completely oblivious feather beautiful theories about how the android of rambled owner owning texas sort of classical 's.
Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"md" Discussed on Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"You can write to me <Speech_Male> at brain science. <Speech_Male> Podcast at gmail.com. <Silence> <Speech_Male> Also don't <Speech_Male> forget to visit the website <Speech_Male> at brain science. <Speech_Male> Podcasts <Speech_Male> dot com <Speech_Male> for complete <Speech_Male> show notes and <Silence> episode transcripts. <Speech_Male> While <Speech_Male> you're there you can sign <Speech_Male> up for the free newsletter <Speech_Male> or <Speech_Male> you can sign up <Speech_Male> by texting <SpeakerChange> <Speech_Male> brain science all <Speech_Male> one word to five <Speech_Male> five <SpeakerChange> four <Silence> four four <Speech_Male> if <Speech_Male> you haven't done so <Speech_Male> yet i hope you'll check <Speech_Male> out my <Speech_Male> are you sure <Speech_Male> the unconscious <Speech_Female> origins <Speech_Male> of certainty <Speech_Male> it's available from <Speech_Male> all e booksellers <Speech_Male> and <Silence> in paperback <Speech_Male> and you <Speech_Male> can also get it at brain <Speech_Female> science. Podcast dot <Speech_Female> com. <Speech_Female> If you're interested <Speech_Female> in getting <Speech_Female> a <Speech_Female> autographed copy <Speech_Female> of the paper. Just <Silence> email me <Speech_Male> finally. <Speech_Female> Don't forget that <Speech_Male> the show is independently <Speech_Female> produced <Speech_Male> and <Speech_Male> relies on <Speech_Male> your support <Speech_Female> learn more at <Speech_Male> brain. Science podcast <Speech_Male> dot com forward <Silence> slash donations. <Speech_Male> I <Speech_Male> do need to take <Speech_Male> another moment to talk <Silence> about the website. <Speech_Female> Even <Speech_Male> though i added <Speech_Male> a search bar to the <Speech_Male> top of every page <Speech_Male> i realized that <Speech_Male> it's become increasingly <Speech_Male> difficult <Speech_Male> to find <Silence> what you're looking for <Speech_Male> mainly <Speech_Male> because there's nearly <Speech_Male> fifteen years of <Silence> content. <Speech_Male> I'm in <Speech_Male> the preliminary stages <Speech_Male> of planning <Speech_Male> a <Speech_Male> and. I need <Speech_Male> your help. <Speech_Male> If you have <Speech_Male> thoughts or suggestions <Speech_Male> please write <Speech_Male> to me at brain science <Speech_Male> podcasts. That gmail.com. <Silence> <Speech_Male> I'm also <Speech_Female> looking for a few volunteers <Speech_Female> who are <Speech_Female> interested in <Speech_Male> becoming more <Speech_Female> involved in <Speech_Female> the project. <SpeakerChange> <Speech_Female> Thanks again for <Speech_Male> listening until <Speech_Male> next month. <Speech_Male> I hope you'll check out <Silence> my other podcasts. <Speech_Male> Grain <Speech_Male> rainbows <Speech_Male> <Advertisement> and books and <Silence> <Advertisement> ideas brain science <Speech_Female>
Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"md" Discussed on Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"And so that's consistent with this idea of a kind of higher order or second order monitoring system that is listening to different signals from say the social system from the mod system and forming these confidence estimates. So what you're saying. There's a lack of information coming from the motor system since that feedback been knocked out and so that leads to a sense of less confidence. Well actually we use single post him there. So this two uses of. Tim asks you can. There's lots but the two main ones that people do repetitive. Santa's might give a series of pulses for thirty seconds or a minute also on and that can temporarily activate a region where a single pulse cms is what we use in. this motor. Experiment was trying to just deliver a single pulse at the time in the decision and that can bias they activity in that region and say what we found is when we gave pulses that were consistent with the response that people were making say contra. Lassos the response. That confidence was slightly basted. When i was when we gave pulses there were inconsistent with the response. There makes so lustral. Tim ask them the conference not so what that suggests. We obviously know exactly how that's working but it does suggest that the most assist in the most output is providing some kind of input into a second order estimate confidence. We would expect that has to be true. I mean given that we constantly adjusting our motions by. What's our bodies doing right. So if you think of mexico ignition is having this. Wide angle lenses this pool. They across different imports than it does make sense. But there's been a debate in the field between people who think that i or models can explain everything in terms of how math gesine works. You don't need hierarchy components the system you can explain how compass is formed just by focusing on say how uncertainty is represented in the perceptual system and has been tension between people who favor that view and people favor like myself who have put forward second accountants and so i think in a way this tension is not a real tension i think is just the different methods have been used to arrive at different results and we did an experiment recently using functional mariah to try and tease apart these different accounts and so this was done by my dong bang and what we did was basically trying to manipulate different factors that might affect people's confidence about simple decision. One of those was perceptual. And certain see so how clear stimulus walls. Another factor was how difficult decision was so people were asked to say whether a moving passing dots was going clockwise counterclockwise of a of a line and so we could change how clear the dots were moving but we could also change. How difficult that decision was like. How close the the line and what we found was the consistency about the stimulus about the the perceptual input was related to passive activation in the visual impractical tax. But the difficulty of the decision was not affecting the activation nation passes in those regions however the difficult decision did affect how confident people feel about that decision about the dos. Which kind of makes sense right. So this idea that lots of different factors come together to form a more integrated estimate of how confident we feel and what we found. Was i think pretty clear cut using. Was that this integrated estimate of confidence that pools together lots of different factors including perceptual insistence. He was tracked in the medial prefrontal cortex and so it kind of makes sense that you can think about as a downstream region this polling across lots of different factors to come up with some integrated sense of confidence and so. I don't think there's any tension. There is just that people who favored fest odor accounts have been mainly focused on howland sentences code in the perceptual system. Whereas you know a second order account says yes. That's important but to actually generate some kind of integrated confidence estimate. You're gonna need to pull across different factors and that seems to be more coupled to isolation passes in the prefrontal costa also explains or office and explanation for. Why if you have brain damage to the frontal lobes then you might see deficits in the ability to you trout your confidence about your different behaviors and you might get things like the fronts powder where you might think. Your memory is fine. For instance went actually failing so steve. I've really enjoyed talking to you today. What are you gonna do next now. That you've got this book. Which i'm sure was a lot of work to get out the door tak- breather and concentrate on. Is it a son boy or girl. Yes no boy he yeah he's too. Yes i think that like the we've actually got a second on the way yes life. We'll get busy in other ways. But yeah i think that i mean the experience of writing the but was all consuming in in different ways and it was a big than i ever anticipated so it was something i'd always wanted to do and i think that goes back to actually how we conversation. Which is how did i get into this. And i didn't know that this was a field. I did when i mean this. I mean psychological science more generally cognitive neuroscience. I didn't know this was. It was possible to do research in these kind of barriers and i was hugely influenced by popular science books when i was a teenager when i was thinking about what i want to do in my life and and i always wanted to try and contribute to the area and try and report back from the frontlines as it were of what research is going on right now in..
Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"md" Discussed on Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"There is still something impulsive about making sure that you have a grounding in tools and methods rather than just topics if that makes sense and increasingly having grounding in the ability to program and right good computer code and due dates analysis and all. Those things needs to come along somewhere and once. That's in place. That i think the world is your royster. Innocence so computational skills seem. Did you say that you when you went to your post doc. Was that one of the skills that you acquired on your post. Doc the computational skills yes or i already lent program i already felt fluent in matlab and from my phd. So a lot of brain imaging analysis is done using those programming languages and the same with writing code to do experiments more generally says to present stimuli on screens and that kind of thing. Everything is effectively controlled by the computer. And so you need to know how to program it to do research area. Why didn't know that point. I didn't have a good sense of. Is how to build computational models so rather than just using computer code or rather than using programming to analyze my data why was interested in his building models of how the mind works how aspects of the mind works in the language of computer code. I said that's what. I went to do my post doc. In in new york with nathaniel door. Who's an expert on computational models of behavior and i lived there really was. I think it was an exciting time because at that time. There wasn't any computational perspectives on mexico missions so the increasingly popular to apply computational purchase to to learning and decision making. That's been going on for quite a long time. But the wasn't really any wondering computational modeling of south alanna so mexico addition and so on during my post doc was trying to take a step in that direction and we. We built a model that we call the second older model which the describes how confidence might be formed in different tasks. And it could stop to explain. Why for instance. You could damage some pasta system and cause impairments math while leaving performance intact and so it was quite an abstract model. It wasn't a model of how the brain works. Just a a model of how confidence ratings are generated. But it was my first foray into using those modelling techniques and is now something that is a strand of work in my lab. So we've built on those initial models. Try and think in computational terms what is it about system that allows it to domestic omission too have a notion of awareness of performance. And so i think that's can be quite powerful because you can have a theory that somewhat vague and verbal what when you actually rice it down in lines and computer code or in in equations. You can then start to ask. Does that have equations actually map onto what we see in the data and if it doesn't you can then go back and change them and it's right in that way so those models can help you design experiments and basically detest the models and innovate and that way absolutely say that's really i think the why find the most useful aspects of computational modeling. Is that people say all models are wrong so may useful and i think that's good to keep in mind that no one's suggesting that the models we've down models we published are actually how things work just that active getting it down on paper rice down the model both as a paper as an academic paper but also in computer code. And be able to simulate it then you can start curtain predictions for what the data should like or what some features the data should let like if not true and the simplest example. That's coming to my mind. I wanna make sure we're explicit. This for listeners would be the basic claim that the performance is decoupled from the meta cognition. Yes so that claim can be nicely tested because what we can then go and do is measure both your performance on a simple task and also your medication announce ask so how close to your confidence. Trucks your performance. And if you have a computational model that says the confidence is being formed as part and parcel of the performance process so you might have a system. That's both governing performance. I'm not task and producing the confidence estimate. Then that model should say if you knock out of the system you will get both deficits in performance and medical mission. And that's what in our paper from my time. In new york we call the first order model so everything is part of the same system whereas second of the model predicts that there's the possibility of dissociation so you could have one power system is this generating performance on a particular task and another part of the system that is monitoring and the confidence of first order system and say that second order architecture predicts that you could damage the confidence forming part of the system. If you like and yet leave performance in one way we've been studying as as well as looking at patients with brain damage also just looking individual differences and we do see that when we match performance across different individuals we can see fluctuations in confidence that explained by changes in performance for instance across different. Those kind of associations lend support to second order accounts. Another example would be when you use the trans cranial stimulation to knock out the berry. Isolated to do meta cognition and see that it doesn't affect the actual performance. Yeah he's actually so there's been studies. Applying trans cranial magnetic stimulation to temporarily inactivate reaches the prefrontal sex and that can reveal changes in mexico ignition while keeping performance in tax one other aspects of the production of our second model is that you can think of this second order. Computation of confidence as receiving lots of different inputs. Not just from say the perceptual system but also from the marta system and so long says the notion of a higher monitor and one of the use of tear mass. That we've been pursuing is if we put people in a situation where the having to make a perceptual difference. What do they see on a screen and then rate that confidence what we found is that if we subtly inject him as pulses to the motor system. Tim as the most cortex. While making those responses that tim asking affects how confident they feel in the decisions without changing anything about that performance. And so that's consistent with this idea of a kind of higher order or second order monitoring system that is listening to different signals from say the social.
Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"md" Discussed on Brain Science with Ginger Campbell, MD: Neuroscience for Everyone
"You the moment in the line we are starting to study dementia with clinical colleagues. Ucla and one thing. I've learned from interacting with my colleagues on on this project is that clinicians are keenly aware of the lack of medical mission is a anecdotal early feature of dementia clear. Alzheimer's dementia and frontal variants like f- td and yet it's not passive routine neuropsychological tasks. So this kind of trying. To tap into this difficult to pin down change in south carolinaas we think could be really important in developing assays that capacity pick dementia up as it is possible. So that's what we're trying to work on at the moment. Okay so talk a little bit more about how we got from having earliest what we think happened how we got from having this implicit meta cognition that we share with other animals to the explicit self awareness that seems to make us human yes. This is really fascinating area. That i think we don't have full answers to your. But there's some tantalizing hints about how explicit mexico mission miami emerged in the course of human evolution and also how it emerges in child development and one perspective on. This is the you can think of. Explicit mexico mission is almost like taking a third person perspective on yourself and say one idea here which goes back to philosophers. Gilbert rial is. that's you effectively. Apply an ability to think about other people to yourself. So there's this idea of the capacity for mind reading or theory of mind so the ability to think about other people's feelings and thoughts and mental states we know that that emerges in childhood around the age of three or four and we know that there are particular brain networks involved in mind reading and more. Recently there's been recent suggesting around the same time that mine reading emerges that's around the same time you get explicit mexico mission again around the age of three or four and in a recent mass analysis that student and i this is looking at lots of different brain imaging studies that have been published and trying to pull them all together to create a map of a fairly course hopefully quiet formative map of the brain regions tend to be involved in different tasks and what we found. Is that similar. Networks tend to be involved in medical mission about ourselves and mind reading about others and even though that that's what the stings. Klay overlap in the prefrontal cortex particularly in the the medial prefrontal cossacks. So that kind of map doesn't tell us about how the systems working it gives us a hint that perhaps the capacity for mind reading is related to the capacity for explicit medical condition and one perspective on why that might be. I talk about in the book. Is this idea that explicit meth commission requires this extra step of learning about ourselves so we might have these signals consistency and the signals of era in our actions and behavior but to really use those to really have this model of how we ourselves are performing in various dimensions. We need to have this period of learning about ourselves and the way that we lead about ourselves might be similar to the way that we learn about other people and that's perhaps why mess cognition continues to develop childhood and adolescence because it needs this social group or community helping us to know ourselves. We're constantly learning things about ourselves. During that period the moment i think we as cognitive neuroscience great understanding of how that process of explicit medical commission is getting in place. But i think we have some hints about good directions of research there. So would your gut feeling be at this point. That explicit meta cognition is to use cecilia. Hazel is a cognitive gadget. Yeah that's interesting so in fact. Cecilia and i collaborated recently on a opinion paper where we put forward exactly the hypothesis thoughts. Explicit master commission is similar to mind reading of theory of mind in the as culturally a quiet so we effectively get told to think about salves and we muscled various evidence for why that might be the case. We talked about how in child development for instance parent child. Interactions are naturally geared towards. Helping children understand what they're perceiving and what they're doing so my sunday's while he was he was born while i was in the midst of writing the book and now he's two years old but when we do games like peekaboo where we say. Now you see me now. You don't were telling him what he saying effectively. And so that's not exactly the same as putting in place medical condition for him but it's giving him some context for what he's saying what he's doing what he's perceiving and the so much research that could be done on. This really are paper. The paper was the celia was a hypothesis. Paper is putting forward this proposal suggesting how we can test it. I think there's a lot of mileage in this idea. Eh. explicit mexico mission might be culturally acquired. Not necessarily intentionally. We don't set out to intentionally teach our children to be mexico Not necessarily but just in the natural interaction between and parents and children between wide social group and children that might be quiet and in in contrast why call the building blocks of implicit mexico like track unsafe and monitoring our actions they might be wants to see me refers to as a more genetics. Dasa this idea that we come along with simple predictive mechanisms that help us track our own behavior and things in the world but yes. I think there's a lot of interesting hypotheses test about this. Cultural acquisition view explicit mexico mission one of which. I don't know if there's any work being done on this but it would be a fascinating thing to test this. To what extent is explicit mexico capability harrisonville. So we know from research on mind. Reading for instance is a large environmental component to remind ability. But we don't know what's going on with mexico mission so then the last half the book you really come down to some practical things about our understanding meta cognition has practical applications. You want to talk a little bit about that. In the second half of the book i described various ares davar daily lives. Were medical mission. Cpa charges are our abilities who i call the power of a reflection in lending in decision making in collaboration with others..
Physicians On Purpose
"md" Discussed on Physicians On Purpose
"So basically if we can build a vision that pulls people forward a vision of a future that people want to participate in than craft strategy around that vision the vision can do some of the heavy lifting poll people forward but i consider this to be opening salvo in a series of conversations. Either on my podcast yours because we have a whole bunch more to talk about but for today. Let's say thank you very much. Dr robert pearl. Md former ceo of permanente medical group. The book uncaring. What was all the deals on. The preorder gives that special. You're carrying the culture of medicine kills doctors and patients not for profit all the money going to doctors without borders and they get the sign book plate. They get the reading guide to get the discussion guide and again a chance to read introductory chapter for anyone else. I can't wait. Thank you so much like a lot of fun. I hope the watchers. The listeners have enjoyed as much as we have right out. I'm gonna throw. In some batman pal cocoon smash for all of that to right odd. Have a great rest your day be safe everybody. The physicians on purpose podcast subscriber. You get your podcast and we're at the home of the happy. Md beautiful seattle washington dyke drum and have a great rest uber day. Stay safe and pray that there's no last virus wave. See you next time..
The Adoption Connection | a podcast by and for adoptive moms
"md" Discussed on The Adoption Connection | a podcast by and for adoptive moms
"You know the older generation. Okay now would the. Md are in general. Like when we're talking that our population which is primarily adoptive families. So we've got children coming with early. Adversity we've got parents parenting under great stress Would this be a standalone therapy. Or as md are something that is used in conjunction with other therapies. I believe it's always used in conjunction with other therapy because even if a client.
The Adoption Connection | a podcast by and for adoptive moms
"md" Discussed on The Adoption Connection | a podcast by and for adoptive moms
"You know the older generation. Okay now would the. Md are in general. Like when we're talking that our population which is primarily adoptive families. So we've got children coming with early. Adversity we've got parents parenting under great stress Would this be a stand alone. Therapy or as md are something that is used in conjunction with other therapies believe with always used in conjunction with other therapy because even if a client.
860AM The Answer
"md" Discussed on 860AM The Answer
"And when you all about the diet blossoms and transfers to whoever you named as a beneficiary, totally tax free income tax free. Nothing else in the internal revenue code. Does that so? When you do a strategic Groll out, I'll give you a little example. Here. I had a gentleman who came to me. His wife had just passed away and he was 70.5. And so he had to start taking out our MD's based upon his adviser's advice, who had his money in the market from 2000 to 2010, and he saw ah $600,000 for a one k nest egg dwindle in value because he rolled it over into IRAs at the advisor's advice. He saw that dwindled down to less than $300,000 twice, and it was barely back up to the 600,000 again after 10 years and then his advisor said, Okay. 600,000 I recommend now you just take rmds 4% so 4% on 600,000 is $24,000 he pull those out 24,000 Let's say any pays tax of a third. With all of his income. He was paying be between federal and state at least a third in taxes. So he's paying 8000 of the 24,000 year in taxes, netting 16,000 by gas and groceries. Prescriptions. Golf green fees. One error that's pretty pathetic. But that's what the financial services industry says You should do. We helped him do a strategic rollout. We took 150,000 year out and got the tax is over and done with. Now, let's just say he paid a third in tax he pulls out 150,000 year. He nets 100,000 to reposition into a laser fund now over a five year period because we were able to achieve a little under 8% for him, he got out 750,000. He netted a half a million That half a million has been there 8% even 10% What's 8% on a half a million 40 grand tax free. How much better is 40,000 than 16,000 After tax we do this all the time. But do you know what we really did? We offset a large amount of the tax by resurrecting deductions he had been killing on his rental income properties. Long story short as attacks strategist. We got out most of the $750,000 out of his IRAs and 41 case with no tax consequence..