Documentary
Listen to the latest news about groundbreaking documentaries, interviews with renowned directors and learn about the latest releases from audio broadcasts aired on leading talk radio shows and premium podcasts.
The Pulse
Plastic Surgery for Prisoners Goes Back to the 1950s
"Science historian sharona pearl is interested in faces. She's researched physiognomy. Which is the study of facial features in their relationship to character. She's written about face transplants. She teaches at drexel university in philadelphia and she was working on a new book about face recognition. She was tracking down stories of people trying to avoid law enforcement taking drastic steps to change their appearance. Everything from people trying to dodge modern face recognition software to a famous british train robber ronnie biggs who got plastic surgery in order to evade the authorities after his massive train. Theft as she got deeper into this kind of research looking for more examples of people changing their faces using search terms like criminals and plastic surgery. She stumbled upon something else entirely. This whole other world turns up what she found. Blew her mind. All of these studies written from the nineteen fifties throws late as the one thousand nine hundred eighty s about programs in prison that gave people plastic surgery as a mechanism to lower rates of recidivism. That's right plastic surgery for prisoners nose jobs ears pinned chisel jolla lines tattoo removal all sorts of cosmetic procedures in an effort to give people a chance at a better life. Somehow if there looks were changed they would be less inclined to commit crimes and return to prison after they were released and this went on until about thirty years ago.
Unreserved
The Stolen Indigenous Children
"It's a hot summer day in nineteen ninety emotions are high in boston. Independent nations today. This ojibway community is taking a stand. After decades of losing their children to the child welfare system they have come together to say no more. No more taking children by the busload from their homes. No more broken families. You aren't taking any more of our children get out. Stay out as a social worker. I'm responsible for the welfare of these children. My name is nicky. I can tell you being ripped away from my mother at six years old had nothing to do with my welfare look. I'm just doing my job. It's not your job anymore as chief of the wab soon nation. I'm here to tell you. We have passed a resolution. Banning the children's aid society from entering our community and taking any more of our children. You can't do that we just did. Yeah our children our future give sure give back our future. We did it teddy. You would have been so proud of us after the chaos of the rally. Nikki comforter her daughter at the kitchen table. It is a modest home. The sun streams through the windows colorful drawings of thunderbirds and pencil caller. Portrait's a woman and cad eyeglasses. A young shy smiling. Boy named teddy adorns the walls the pair sit together at the small table sipping tea and eating cookies
Sway
Dave Eggers: Is Limitless Choice a Good Thing?
"So let's start talking about this book the every so it's a sequel to your two thousand thirteen book the circle which is about a search company that bears its will essentially or possibly facebook. Tell me why you decided to write. This sequel in which the circle gobbles up in ecommerce company named after south american jungle so basically amazon and creates the every Which one character called the most monopolistic control hungry corporation ever to plague the world. So why do the sequel tell me how you thought about this. Well i think you know. When when i was done with the circle i had never thought about a sequel never written a sequel to anything and But i kept taking notes. And i sort of you know would jot things down over time and i remember at one point A friend of mine who She treats students at a college. She's that she was on campus psychologist and She was saying that the thing that her students came in with more than anything. The thing that problem that plagued them was choice. There were anxious about a lot of things but more and more students needed how more and more students were plagued with like unlimited choices unlimited. Input too much to think about on a given day and too many choices to make on a given day. And i thought that was really interesting because we would think you know at this sort of apex point of human evolution. We would want all these choices and sort of that would be some sort of glorious now plays to arrive at that we could order anything and have it arrive at our doorstep the next morning but these kids were far more anxious than they had been ten years before in fifteen years before and i thought well that's an interesting starting point and what if there were a monopoly that would not only sort of tell you which choices are correct which ones are the most You know beneficial to the environment and progressive in different ways and they would help you given your preferences and algorithm ick sort of determined personality. They'd help you become a better version of yourself and the ultimate version of yourself as a personal person and a member of the broader
70 Million
Where Juvenile Detention Looks More Like Teens Hanging Out
"A group of about three dozen excited teenagers listening to an announcement by apache county judge. Michael lethem this'll be something that'll be here for decades and you've got so it's early fall. Twenty seventeen in. This is the grand opening of saint. John's first center dedicated to teams. Letham is introducing. the people will be running it. Victor more news here pretty much every day as well as victor in polar smiling facing the energetic teens their probation officers in other words they work for the county but they dress in civilian year t shirts jeans baseball caps because they've been tapped by judge leith them to run this new facility the loft legacy teen center. It's a county run resource and activity center in the small town where kids often can't find much to do or people to talk to. It was like right at the end of my freshman year into the summer of my freshman year. I heard about it. I was like. Oh that's cool. I didn't think anything of it. I didn't think it would be this. Cool hannah wilkinson was there and then i walked. Tv's there's pool table. There's all this cool stuff for kids to do and it was really exciting.
Against The Odds
Ernest Shackleton: Surviving Antarctica
"It's midnight on may fifth nineteen sixteen. Ernest shackleton squats at the helm of james cared trying to balance himself on the rocking boat. They've been at sea for eleven days. He knew the eight hundred mile. Crossing to south georgia. Island would be dangerous. But he's never seen anything as fierce as the drake passage. The winds have been coming at them at one hundred miles an hour. The waves are almost twenty feet tall each swell grabs the boat lifting at higher and higher for the boiling surf into the air. One moment they're surrounded by hills of water the next there on top of the world overlooking an endless seascape of dark grey rollers and white horses. And then they're hurtling back down. Below water crashes over the sides and sends a small crew into a frenzy to bail before the next one hits one way was so violent it ripped the boats anchor. Clear away shackleton marches wars lee struggling with the rudder trying to control the boat through the gusts and the snowfall is only. Compasses dead. Reckoning and the occasional glimpse of a star they both know if they boat off. Course they could miss south georgia entirely. And never be heard of again skipper. Altaic take the rudder. You get some sleep ex-boss maybe i'll lay down for an hour. Shackleton is left alone at the front of the boat. He watches the angry black clouds. Churn across the horizon and suddenly sees a silver light in the sky. Weather's clearing boys. And then he. Here's the familiar hiss. It's not a break in the clouds. It's the foaming crest of a wave. The biggest wave. He's seen in his life and it's heading straightforward.
Made of Mettle
Who Was Ida B. Wells?
"In today's episode we will be covering the impassioned the influential the inspiring ida b wells ida. B wells was born ida bell wells on july sixteenth eighteen sixty two in holly springs mississippi. Ida was the eldest. Born to james and lizzie wells. Who had seven other children. All were born in slaved as they lived on a plantation in mississippi whom or members of the confederacy during the civil war in the previous episode. We talked a bit about president. Lincoln's revolutionary decision to issue the emancipation proclamation on january. First eighteen sixty three during the civil war ida in her family were officially freed from slavery as they resided in a confederate state before either was one year old immediately following. The war was the pivotal reconstruction period with a divided territories of the union in the confederacy. Determine how they would begin to come back together as a single nation. Ida's parents were dutiful in diligence supporters of african american rights in particular the right to an education. Ida's father james was directly involved in starting in serving on the board of trustees for school for freed african americans that school rushed. College is still a notable inactive university. Today falling under the umbrella of historically black colleges and universities ida would begin her educational career at this school attending in her early teens. Sadly heartbreaking circumstances would find ida early on in life in eighteen seventy eight while visiting her grandmother. I learned harling news. Ida's mother father in her youngest sibling. Just an infant had passed away from yellow fever. Her parents sudden-death turn ida from a teenager with no children into a parent of six suffering from the grief and loss of one's parents. It would be understandable for a child to shy away in resist taking on a role with such incredible responsibility but did ida shy away from her obligation torture family. Absolutely not
Bay Curious
Why Doesn't California Build Big Dams Any More?
"Been talking about how most of our water comes from a system of dams and reservoirs set up to capture the states precipitation so one logical solution here is more dams right. Not so fast says jay lund a professor of civil and environmental engineering at uc davis story. I tell people is if you were the first engineer in california and you were going to build the first reservoir where would you put it. You had put it the cheapest place that gives you the most water. Where would you put the reservoir the next best place. We've done this fifteen hundred times. What do we have left. Expensive places that don't give you much water. He says with fifteen hundred dams in the state all the good damn spots are taken heck. Even a lot of the bad spots are taken but that doesn't mean that there aren't smart things we can do with our reservoirs as david romero takes it from here with four big ideas so the first big idea has to do with managing those fifteen hundred reservoirs differently. I learned how lake mendocino along the russian river. That's where i met. Nick mala savage in the middle of the mostly dry lake bed. He helps manage the lake for the us army corps of engineers in two thousand nineteen. The water was about forty feet over our heads. He says lake mendocino could go dry by the end of the summer mar lake levels here at lake. Mendocino are the lowest they've ever been for this time in the year even though this lake is nearly dry it's on the leading edge of science around reservoir management in the past. Water was let out of the reservoir whether or not storms were in the forecast. They wanted to make room for more water. They expected would come but because of climate change. Those storms are becoming less frequent malice. Savage is helping pilot a new approach at lake. Mendocino conserve wait until a major rainstorm is coming and then let water out of the reservoir. It's called forecast informed reservoir operations. We can sit on this water. We can continue to watch the forecast and then you see that big boomer of a storm conham then you can make the decision. Hey the sun's still shining. We need to put water into the river. Generate that airspace for the next storm. And we're good
The Pulse
Why Offices Have Cubicles
"A couple of years ago. I got really interested in cubicles. Probably because i was spending way too much time in mind and those beige fabric covered walls. Were really getting to me. Giving me existential. Angst you know like in the movie office space. We don't have a lot of time on this earth we weren't meant to spend it this way. Human beings were not meant to sit and little cubicle staring at computer screens all day filling out useless forms and listening to eight different bosses drone on about mission statements. I wanted to find out how these little boxes got so popular. How did they take over office. Buildings around the world. And i found this amazing infomerrcial from the nineteen sixties. That touted the benefits of a whole new way to build workspaces. You and i are today. Living and industry's finest hour. An age of hurry. An era of efficiency period of productivity the likes of which the world has never seen and super fast smart effective age era. Millions of people who still working old offices and haven't stopped a realized they still work in old fashioned offices enter action office. The original lofty vision later became the pubic. It was designed by the herman miller company exactly is action often. I'm walking through it right now. It's a far better environment. Today's changing functions an instant flexible office facility the comparative in parallel the surging turbulent business life. It serves your business changing constantly. Your office should change with it. So the cubicle was born as a sleek looking shape shifting office space with hinged walls designed to create either small spaces or to open up wide for group meetings. The new buzz phrase back then was knowledge. Work and cubicles were supposed to facilitate this free flow of ideas and
Reality Life with Kate Casey
'The Inventor' Documentary Investigates the Rise and Fall of Theranos
"Week. Marks the beginning of the elizabeth homes trial the case. Us versus homes began on tuesday with jury selection. One of my most favorite documentaries on my all time. Favorite list is the inventor executive produced by academy award winner. Alex gibney who also did enron the smartest guys in the room and hbo's emmy winning going clear scientology in the prison of beliefs this. Hbo documentary investigates the rise and fall of theranos the one time multibillion dollar healthcare company founded by elizabeth homes in twenty four elizabeth holmes dropped out of stanford to start a company that was going to revolutionize healthcare in twenty fourteen theranos was valued at nine billion dollars making her touted as the next steve jobs. The youngest self made female billionaire in the world but just two years later. Theranos was cited as a massive fraud by the sec and its value is less than zero so if convicted elizabeth holmes faces up to twenty years in prison plus two point seven five million dollars in fines as well as restitution to be paid out to victims drawing on extraordinary access to never before seen footage and testimony from key insiders. The inventor tells a silicon valley tale. That was too good to be true. It examines how this could have happened. And who is responsible while exploring the psychology of deception
In God We Lust
Susupect: Neww Podcast Looks at Racial Profiling After Halloween Murder
"Residence of a redman apartment complex. Were throwing a big halloween party with dozens of people in costume mingling drinking and dancing but after the party started to quiet down one of them was murdered in her home. The police spent weeks piecing together. The night with hazy recollections spotty dna evidence and dozens of party photos eventually. They had a suspect. His story kept changing his. Dna was at the crime scene when he finally came in for questioning. The detectives felt like they were breath away from a confession but that didn't happen and so the police decided to focus their attention on another man. A man with a criminal record whose. Dna was also found at the crime scene and he just so happened to be. The only black man at the party suspects starts out as a compelling who done it and then becomes a story about cutting edge forensic science and mislaid justice. It's about race and policing and ultimately the kinds of weighty decisions that cops and prosecutors make every day decisions that once made change lives forever and are almost impossible to
Ear Hustle
Life Inside a Women's Prison: Life Jolt
"My name is rosemary green and this is life jolt a. It's a podcast about the experience of women in the correctional system. Women like me life jolt prison slang for a life sentence but in a way every jail sentence is a life sentence. It doesn't really end. When you get out i know i've spent five years in a. Us prison for drug trafficking. It haunts me still. But i'm here to tell you that i'm so much more than my crime. We all are in this episode. We're going to focus on the first stage of a woman's journey through the criminal justice system. Let's call it the before times before you've had your day in court before you're convicted or acquitted that period between your arrest and your sentence when you really don't know what's going to happen if you'll be sent to prison or for how long the wait can be excruciating. If you're lucky you'll get bail. And at least she can wait at home. If you're not so lucky you have to wait in jail on remand like i did like diana did. There's alleged about it. Came home drunk. And i thought my husband friend was cheating because she was there and we had argument week before. Like i couldn't understand why she was there. I just i blew up by got mad and they take off. My husband went up the street to a friend's house and she took off. I don't know where she went at. First diana's one of roughly two thousand women in canadian prisons. You want actual detail well. I grabbed his guitar. And i started storming up the street so i went in there and i smashed guitar over him. She's describing the assault that landed her in jail.
Against The Odds
Endurance: Surviving Antarctica
"January night. Nineteen o nine. Ernest shackleton groans as he trudges through the hard packed snow now. A bitter headwind cuts through his jacket freezing his breath among his hands. The temperature is minus nineteen degrees pulled by any standards but with the wind chill. It's closer to minus fifty shackleton's feet and ears are covered with blisters and the black char frostbite. He's weakened by hunger and head splitting altitude sickness. He and his crew have trekked over seven hundred miles south across the vast expanse of antarctic snow their goal is to reach beyond engine the known world and be the first humans to ever reach the south pole. An expedition the public had been calling the nimrod after the name of his ship. Their journey has taken almost two and half months still before them an endless white plateau of snow and ice. The poll is out there somewhere. Shackleton has been on this continent once before six years ago. It was his first antarctic expedition under the leadership of captain robert. Scott scott was brooding and temperamental. he ruled by bullying. An absolute authority. Shackleton was the opposite. he was optimistic. Open and warm as conditions grew more difficult on that eight month journey tension was deck when frost by and low rash slowed them to a crawl. Scott yelled keep going you bloody fools but they turn back from the poll. Nearly five hundred miles out by the time shackleton got back to the ship. He was coughing up blood now. He has another shot this time. His leading a four man through and he isn't going to make scott's mistakes. The last month has been slow going. He looks at his men's haggard faces for weeks now. They've had little to eat
Bear Grease
Snake Bit, the Original Fear
"The serpent was the shrewdest of all the wild animals. The lord god had made one day he asked woman. Did god really say you must not eat of the fruit from any of the trees in the garden. The lord god asks the woman. What have you done. The serpent deceived me. She replied that's why eight. Then the lord god said to the serpent. Because you have done this you are cursed more than all animals domestic and wild. You'll crawl on your belly groveling in the dust as long as you live. And i will 'cause hostility between you and the woman and between your offspring and her offspring he will strike your head and you will strike his. He'll this is from the bible in the book of genesis. chapter three. This ancient text is fascinating. It highlights the long standing relationship between mankind and a very particular wild beast one that has become a defining feature of the human experience. I believe the story has significant meaning. It holds within the foundations of the human worldview. And it's ripe with une bendable biological reality humans flip out when they see a snake well at least most of them. Well you know. I didn't really get into woods. Heavy till hours. Like twenty six twenty seven and so. I created a little bucket list of things that i wanted to accomplish. Turkey hundred deer. Hunter bow hunter and i wanted to get involved with a big rattlesnake. You know one way or the other. I just i heard so much battlement i. This is my dad. Gary nuclear in a lifetime of searching for the mythical black panther inside joke from episode one. He's kept his eyes on the ground looking for acres and big rattlesnakes
The Kitchen Sisters Present
Route 66, the Mother Road
"From the first days we started working together. And i drove around a lot to gals in one thousand nine hundred seventy two green dotson roaming the tri county area like buzzing todd minus the corvette through santa cruz monterey and san benito counties in california we were doing oral histories and recording. Everybody who moved cowboys and fishermen farmworkers italian grandmothers. This was in the day of cassettes and as we drove around we always talked about how great it would be to document the roads inside roads. We were travelling so people could just pop in a cassette and listen to the people around them as they drove on through. We never quite pulled off that cassette idea on a large scale but when davy moved east for a while we decided to try the idea out on route sixty six. She'd be driving a lot so that was the start. It was the end of the road. It was the last days surf route. Sixty six as we were traveling. I mean just trying to follow it at that. Point was a you know you drive down. Affronted tro that was the old highway. And then it would just bottom out. And there'd be broken asphalt or cactus. So we're trying to get icon of people from each stretch of the road and mickey mantle grew up on route sixty six. He played baseball team. Known as the baxter springs with kids the scout for the yankees with dr along route. Sixty six looking for up and coming ballplayers and manel hits this home. Run across the highway. And that's part of how he was spotted. So we're going. where can we find mickey mantle. We started to kind sniff around joplin missouri. The mickey mantle holiday inn. And someone said. Oh yeah there's a golf tournament going. On and mickey mantle. One of his sons. Were playing so. I just called the golf course. Said ma'am please speak to mr mantle. Suddenly there was mickey mantle on the telephone. We explain the story to him. And what we're doing in route sixty six and agrees to meet us and poor mickey. He could hardly walk by that time has knees. Were just blown out. Sorta bandy leg walks up one flight of stairs gets in the room. He just gives me a look and he just goes hallo. Did you get my phone number.
Nightline
Tourism Is Back but Businesses Are Overwhelmed With Insufficient Staffing
"Good evening thank you for joining us. The people who were cooped up at home last summer have been ear to go on vacations this year but some businesses which were eager for the crowds are struggling. Now we welcome. Abc's deirdre bolton to nightline with this report on the worker shortage the morning july signing on the heels of a worldwide lockdown millions are flocking to the beach but with all that kant's up demand. There is a downside. Businesses are over wealth. It's been different. I've seen things. I've never thought i would see from my life. We are facing a shortage in every industry talked to any of the businesses in downtown with any of the beach areas during the exact same scenario. You don't have the help. Benjamin gray has called this stretch along the atlantic home his entire life working at the bell in and spine rehoboth beach delaware for the last seven years. Nothing compares to the stress. He sees this summer. we've seen unprecedented occupancy levels. The tourism industry in the past year loan has skyrocketed. What is it. Ben like then for you to meet demands. It's now finding the staff to be able to make vets to make the drinks to check people in to check people out to make sure that we have enough people here to take care of the occupancy levels that we're experiencing
The Experiment
The Hate-Crime Conundrum
"Okay so where do you wanna start. So why don't we start in march back in march there is this shooting atlanta. Think we all remember it. It was percents completely horrifying. Police in georgia are investigating a series of deadly shooting said took place in the atlanta area. Eight people were killed. Authorities say many of them were women of asian descent. Now police have arrested one man who is white. But they haven't said anything about a motive yet this guy. He wanted three different spas agent in spas in atlanta. He shot eight people. Six of them were asian women and one of the things that happened was that there was this press conference matter mayor where start off with chevron's from cherokee county police re talking about the investigation and the fact that they've been getting a lot of questions about you know. Was this a hate crime many. We've received a number of calls about. Is this a hate crime. We're still early in this investigation So we cannot make that determination at this moment. The detectives involved in this case. Were not coming out and calling it a hate crime and that was upsetting a lot of people. But i think what really set people off was when the spokesman said that the shooter told detectives that he shot these people not because of racial hatred but because he was struggling but sex addiction. We still early but he does claim that it was not racially motivated. He apparently has an issue what he considers a fiction and sees these liberal. How do people respond to that something. I think some people thought maybe the police department was giving credence to this claim and also the idea that it was a sex addiction does seem so ludicrous on its face
Against The Odds
Shipwreck on the Sahara
"It's september twenty third. Eighteen fifteen the morning sun rising over the sahara heats up the desert to eighty degrees by eight. Am but city hammett doesn't feel it. He's sitting in his tent thinking about the future and no matter which way he spins it. It's risky captain. Riley wants hammett to by him and his friends and deliver them to morocco. There he said a friend will pay big money for the return. One hundred dollars for the captain and fifty for each of his men. Fifty dollars is a fortune and the desert. But he's not even sure they can make it eight hundred miles. They will need to cross the desert. Get past the torek and other. Hostile bedouin tribes. They have to be strong. He needs to get a better look at the men. He finds them sitting outside his tent. There are three and all riley and two men called erin and clark he squats down on his haunches examining each of them closely l. race. Have any of your men died. On this journey riley shakes his head. None my men are strong. The aren't used to desert conditions but their health will improve gets better every day but hammett's not so sure the one called clark is skin and bones. His face is young but he's already bent over like an old man. His scalp is cracked and oozing with source will only get worse. Sarah son this one is sick. he won't make. It's not worth it. But the captain renews his please. He must come look at how much he's improved from. Just the drink of water. You generously gave us last night. What of your men been eating a- of camel milk day. We found a few snails on our own to hammett size. The sailors will never survive the crossing without more food. Feeding them will be expensive.
Sway
Kara Goes to the Olympics
"Dick pound welcome to sway. Thanks days to be with you. So i wanted to start by breaking down this decision to go forward in the tokyo olympics in february twenty twenty told associated press. That was more likely the games would be cancelled rather than postpone. Did you want to cancel. Or was that a prediction noah at the time i it looked like the organizers in the iot were in one of these school picnic things with a three legged race marching resolutely towards this precipice. And you have to. It's not going to happen. In twenty twenty and the old system was kind of binary a lighter went ahead or you cancelled. But the tokyo organizers were so good that they said look maybe there's another alternative which is to postpone and we think we can hold this whole bowl of jello together for a year but no longer than a year and we said well. Listen that's certainly preferable to canceling so let's explore that option and that's where we've been ever since both jello and also could raise his over cliff. That's kind of interesting metaphors to use. When you were thinking about it. Why not just cancel and move on a man you got if nothing else you've got thousands and thousands of athletes from two hundred six countries who've been training for this event for years and years and years and we've never faced a postponement before we face cancellations due to wars on three occasions and thought was that you know within a year. We would know an awful lot more about kobe than we did. In february or early march of twenty twenty which is true. Why isn't important to the olympics in play. i think it's important for the athletes. Be for learning how to respond to game changers. Like a covert. I mean. it hasn't been as something on the scale for century. Nobody in living memory can remember the you know the spanish flu as it was called and frankly the world at large needs some good news of this
The Experiment
The Great Seed Panic of 2020
"Just start from the very very beginning like set me in time Where should we start law. Summer people might be aware there. A story that bubbled in the media for a couple of weeks in the summer of twenty twenty writer. Chris heath noticed a strange national news story. It has been happening all across the nation including right here in our area is in most people's newspapers and it was on tv all over the place. What's behind this rather odd phenomenon. People across the country are getting unsolicited packages. Listen to this new idea where it came from. I didn't order it. People have been receiving mysterious packages that they did not order people. All over america started receiving. These completely baffling packages. They appear to have chinese writing on some of them. Seen here from the tampa bay times are usually marked with chinese characters and incite were packets of c- seen called mystery seeds and they have appeared in mailboxes and more than two dozen states. Usda has now put a warning saying not to open these packages or even planting the seeds. There's nothing on the package. Seemed to explain what the seats were redressed to the people who received them as far as they were concerned they had no idea why they were being sending
A Life's Story
Surviving the Holocaust
"The train only stayed there for a couple hours and then the star to move further in moved another a no tree kilometers and it stopped. It was still nighttime and the gates mop in all hell broke loose. We hear dot is with their dog screaming. Raus raus schnell. And you hear people screaming all languages come out come out tomorrow it right now but leave all of your belonging where this don't you pick up any any of your belongings our children to deride a man to the left and i'm holding onto my sister goldie metal brother totally and they were just pulled away from me never to see again ben's little brother and little sister were sent directly to the gas chamber. They both went to the gas chambers. Of course. I didn't know that we didn't know where we are with busy. Nobody gas chambers. But i went with my uncle my cousin why because i think there i was fifty nine and a half years old. I could have gone with the children or with the adult. But i figured if you're an adult they'll put us to work in that'd be worth they gonna feed us better but i had no idea about dying or chilling or anything like bed and it was still dark embassy. Those chimneys flames shooting out of them but five chimneys in ashes are flying all over so the man in front of us were saying or does places must be places where they must be smelting. factories probably were. We will be working. Who knew who had no idea either. Know what those ashes were. The those ashes were our family. Our loved worlds the ashes sabre bernie.