And the segregated society which America still was in the early days of radio, few major companies hard black people to executive or managerial positions. There was, of course, several world, the black newspaper, black armies, were qualified as people who could get, but in the 1920s there was no black owned radio stations. Nor would there even be one. It's in 1949. And the fact that the white men white men compromised 99% of station executives were seen as perfectly normal, right? So meanwhile, the Main Street radio magazines of the 1920s did not see it as their role to question radios of society's lack of diversity. Knowing that America was segregated, radio edited it seemed to believe that pictures of negroes as they were called back then doing supposedly white jobs would not be welcomed in many parts of the country. So even though there were a number of perspective black engineers and innovators, their faces were never shown in radio news or popular radio, were portrayals that reinforced stereotypes were considered acceptable. So one cover illustration in the radio magazine showed a terrified black man running away from a loud noise and not realizing it was only the radio. And just as women's contributions to early broadcasting were also overlooked or ignored, the same can be said about African Americans. The first radio station with an all black format, although the owners were white, was people probably say W, the a in this 1948, the first black station was in Atlanta, put on the air by Jesse blatant senior in October 1949 in the first black oriented oriented program service at national Negro network began in January of 1954. The long before these milestones African emergence had been involved with radio through social conditions in the ground reality of segregation and limited their participation. They were still part of the industry back in the 19 radio was called wireless, and it was done by images. Some of those amateurs were black. At least two hand radio clubs, one in New York City started by miles hardy. And when in Baltimore, by rolling puritan, were established to train young black images and Howard University Washington D.C. was perhaps the first of the judicially black colleges to offer courses in radio engineering, beginning in 1918. There is also some evidence that black performers were among the first to be heard on amateur radio. One early experimental station Roomba, white Emerson named Victor H laughter, right? So now to a concert while the father blew the D.C. handy message Tennessee in November of 1914 and speaking of losing $80 in 1920 just prior to the rival commercial broadcasting, made me Smith and her jazz hands had a huge national hit with the song crazy blues. So as to say, so 75,000 copies at the top in the first few weeks of a release and certainly show that the public like this kind of music. In broadcasting first year, we only had a handful of radio stations, right? There were other running. It was mainly volunteer effort, although a few large companies like winning house and general leche did on station advertisers was not permitted. So without a way to generate income, the first stations all operated on a very limited budget relying on anyone who was willing to come by and perform for free. Much of the programmer was live since audiotape had not been anything, and photograph records didn't sound that good or early equipment. There were no form this year, right? So the music varied